scholarly journals Reduced older male presence linked to increased rates of aggression to non-conspecific targets in male elephants

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1965) ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie R. B. Allen ◽  
Darren P. Croft ◽  
Lauren J. N. Brent
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Older Males

Males in many large mammal species spend a considerable portion of their lives in all-male groups segregated from females. In long-lived species, these all-male groups may contain individuals of vastly different ages, providing the possibility that behaviours such as aggression vary with the age demographic of the social environment, as well as an individual's own age. Here, we explore social factors affecting aggression and fear behaviours in non-musth male African elephants ( Loxodonta africana ) aggregating in an all-male area. Adolescent males had greater probabilities of directing aggressive and fearful behaviours to non-elephant targets when alone compared to when with other males. All males, regardless of age, were less aggressive towards non-elephant targets (e.g. vehicles and non-elephant animals) when larger numbers of males from the oldest age cohort were present. The presence of older males did not influence the probability that other males were aggressive to conspecifics or expressed fearful behaviours towards non-elephant targets. Older bulls may police aggression directed towards non-elephant targets or may lower elephants’ perception of their current threat level. Our results suggest male elephants may pose an enhanced threat to humans and livestock when adolescents are socially isolated, and when fewer older bulls are nearby.

Segments Influencing Individual Investors Behavior And Their Investment Decision

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Dr. Kartikey Koti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Essential Idea

The essential idea of this assessment is investigate the social factors affecting particular theorists' decisions making limit at Indian Stock Markets. In the examination coordinated standard of direct is Classified subject to two estimations the first is Heuristic (Decision making) and the resulting one is prospect.. For the assessment coordinated the data used is basic natured which is assembled through a sorted out survey from 100 individual money related authorities based out in Hubli and Dharwad city, Karnataka State in India on an accommodating way. The respondents were both sex and overwhelming part male were 68% . These theorists were having a spot with the age bundle between35-45 which is 38%. These respondents have completed their graduation were around 56%. These respondents had work inclusion of 5 to 10 years which is 45% and the majority of which were used in government portion which is 56%. Their compensation was between 4 to 6 Lakh and were fit for placing assets into business areas. The money related experts were widely masterminded placing assets into different portfolios like 32% in Share market and 20 % in Fixed store. These examiners mode to known various endeavor streets were through News, family and allies.  

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Peoples' Participation on Vulture Conservation from Kaski district of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Shumsher KC ◽  
YP Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Conservation Education ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Vulture Conservation

Aim This paper explores the social factors affecting local peoples' participation in the vulture conservation. Location Kaski, Nepal. Materials and Methods This study examines attitude of local people towards vulture conservation using a questionnaire survey of 130 households drawn randomly from the two vicinities of the vulture colonies. Key findings The results show that 77.4% of respondents rear an average of 2.97 livestock unit (LSU) per household. More than half of respondents who rear livestock (53.82%) dump livestock carcasses in the open fields. Ethnicity, age, education status, gender, livestock unit and involvement in conservation activities are the most significant predictors for the positive attitudes towards vulture conservation. Those who are young, male, educated, involved in organizations and do not rear livestock are most likely to support vulture conservation. Conservation implications Conservation education is a key for vulture conservation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cs.v1i1.8580 Conservation Science 2013 1(1), 19-26

Strongylid infection varies with age, sex, movement and social factors in wild African elephants

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna M. Parker ◽  
Shifra Z. Goldenberg ◽  
David Letitiya ◽  
George Wittemyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractComparing parasitic infection among individuals of wildlife populations can provide insight into factors that influence wildlife disease ecology. Strongylids are parasitic worms that infect the intestinal tract of vertebrates, and infection with strongylids can be approximated by counting strongylid eggs in dung samples. Here we tested for correlations between strongylid egg counts and 18 different individual characteristics, environmental and social factors in individually known wild African elephants. We counted more eggs in the dung samples of younger elephants and females relative to mature elephants and males. We also found that elephants spending more time outside reserves shed more strongylid eggs than elephants that were more often within reserves. Elephants that were less socially integrated, as measured by how much aggression they received from other elephants, shed fewer strongylid eggs; relatedly, socially isolated orphan elephants that had left their family shed fewer strongylid eggs than elephants that remained with their family. Our results suggest that landscapes altered by livestock grazing and social disruption caused by humans may impact parasitic infection in wildlife.

Need to Focus Beyond the Medical Causes: a Systematic Review of the Social Factors Affecting Neonatal Deaths

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Prakash Upadhyay ◽  
Anand Krishnan ◽  
Sanjay K. Rai ◽  
Palanivel Chinnakali ◽  
Oluwakemi Odukoya
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals THE DESCRIPTIVE STUDY ON THE SECOND YEAR STUDENTS’ INTEREST AND MOTIVATION TOWARD PEER ASSISTED LEARNING PROGRAM (PALP) OF ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2016/2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Novi Sri Rahmi ◽  
Arilia Triyoga
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
English Education ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Category ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interest And Motivation ◽  
Academic Year

The aims of this research are to describe the students’ interest toward PALP, the students’ motivation toward PALP, and to describe the social factors affects to students’ interest and motivation.The type of the research is descriptive research. The research subject was the second semester of PBI students in Ahmad Dahlan University in the academic year 2016/ 2017. There were 10 groups of PALP as the sample. The researcher used questionnaire, observation sheet and interview guide to gather the data. In analyzing the data the researcher used quantitative method.Based on the research, it is found that; first the students’ interest toward PALP is in high category based on impression (75% were agree), confidence (82% were agree in a group of PALP, 85 % were agree in the class), learning atmosphere (84% were agree), excitement (81% were agree), new knowledge (73% were agree) and language skill (78% were agree). Secondly, the students’ motivation toward PALP is in high category based on mentees’ individual competency in PALP based on how often they are expressing opinion (79% were agree), responding the question (80% were agree), and asking question (61% were agree). And the third, there were four social factors affecting students’ interest and motivation. The social factor were positive learning atmosphere (84% were agree), the second was friend (80% were agree). The third was mentor (72% were agree).  The last was the place (55% were agree). The job, gender and distance factor did not affect students’ interest and motivation toward PALP.

scholarly journals Feminisation of Poverty in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.10) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
S. Visalakshmi ◽  
Sumathi G.N ◽  
Rohitanshu Kar
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Feminization Of Poverty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Existing Data

The purpose of the paper is to explore link between the phenomenon of feminization of poverty and the social factors affecting it. The analysis used the existing data and the assertions have been made based on conceptual grounds. This paper highlights the gender dimension of poverty, which results in increasing proportions of the female poor in the country. Gender-based hardships and segregations are adding up to poverty-related vulnerabilities. The collaborative result of gender and indigence were ascertained by analysing women’s demographics, educational and employment conditions.

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