scholarly journals A description of a process, by which corn tainted with must may be completely purified. By Charles Hatchett, Esq. F. R. S. In a letter addressed to the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. G. C. B. P. R. S. & c. &c. Read December 5, 1816. [Phil. Trans. 1817, p. 36.]

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 57-58
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
The Right

The great loss formerly experienced by the mustiness of imported grain, led the author, some years ago, to the means now described of removing the taint, and which he conceives may be advantageously applied to the large quantities of corn which were unavoidably housed in a damp state, in consequence of the unpropitious weather, during the late harvest. The author considers the mustiness to be confined principally to the exterior amylaceous part of the grain, and the process proposed consists in pouring upon the tainted grain thrice its quantity of boiling water. When cold, the water and floating grains are to be poured off; the corn is to be washed with cold water, drained, and carefully kiln-dried. It will be found perfectly sweet, and the loss of weight is inconsiderable. The advantages of this process are its simplicity and cheapness; and although the author has hitherto only applied it to wheat, there can, he observes, be little doubt that oats and other grain may be deprived of must with equal success.

Jam processing: Effect of pectin replacement by locust bean gum on its characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aida Mekhoukhe ◽  
Nacer Mohellebi ◽  
Tayeb Mohellebi ◽  
Leila Deflaoui-Abdelfettah ◽  
Sonia Medouni-Adrar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Locust Bean Gum ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
Preference Map ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: the present work proposed to extract Locust Bean Gum (LBG) from Algerian carob fruits, evaluate physicochemical and rheological properties (solubility). It aimed also to develop different formulations of strawberry jams with a mixture of LBG and pectin in order to obtain a product with a high sensory acceptance. METHODS: the physicochemical characteristics of LBG were assessed. The impact of temperature on solubility was also studied. The physical and the sensory profile and acceptance of five Jams were evaluated. RESULTS: composition results revealed that LBG presented a high level of carbohydrate but low concentrations of fat and ash. The LBG was partially cold-water-soluble (∼62% at 25°C) and needed heating to reach a higher solubility value (∼89% at 80 °C). Overall, the sensorial acceptances decreased in jams J3 which was formulated with 100% pectin and commercial one (J5). The external preference map explained that most consumers were located to the right side of the map providing evidence that most samples appreciated were J4 and J2 (rate of 80–100%). CONCLUSION: In this investigation, the LBG was used successfully in the strawberry jam’s formulation.

STUDIES ON HABITUATION TO COLD PAIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques LeBlanc ◽  
Pierre Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Water Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Habituation To Cold

It was possible to produce habituation to cold in a group of human subjects by immersing the left hand in cold water for [Formula: see text] minutes twice a day for 19 days. The right hand did not adapt. Another group of subjects was exposed similarly with the difference that an anxiety test (mental arithmetic test) was always given simultaneously with the cold-water test. In this second group the original blood pressure response, i.e. for the first day, was greater than in the first group because of the cumulative effects of the two tests. After 19 days definite evidence was obtained for adaptation to these two tests administered together. However, when these tests were given separately to the second group, no adaptation was evident; adaptation occurred only to both tests given simultaneously. These results indicate that no adaptation develops to cold per se if the subjects are distracted from cold discomfort. It was also found that adaptation of one hand to cold water not only failed to induce adaptation in the opposite hand but even reinforced responses of the unadapted hand. These findings suggest a participation of the central nervous system in adaptation to cold pain, and tend to minimize the importance of local peripheral changes.

scholarly journals II. Contributions towards the history of thiobenzamide

1870 ◽  
Vol 18 (114-122) ◽  
pp. 499-502
Keyword(s):  
Pure State ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Solution ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Iodine Solution ◽  
Free Iodine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Starch Paste ◽  
Sulphuretted Hydrogen

When a stream of sulphuretted hydrogen is passed through a solution of benzonitrile in alcoholic ammonia, the liquid, after the lapse of a few hours, deposits fine yellow needles, which are the thiobenzamide, C 7 H 7 NS = C 7 H 5 S} N H} N H} N, discovered by M. Cahours. It can be obtained in a pure state by recrystallization from boiling water. When a cold saturated alcoholic solution of this body is mixed with an alcoholic solution of iodine, the latter is immediately decolorized with separation of sulphur. If the addition of iodine solution be continued until even after a short boiling free iodine remains, which can readily be detected by starch-paste, the solution filtered from the sulphur, and poured into water, solidifies to a mass of white interlaced needles, which can readily be freed from adhering hydriodic acid by washing with cold water.

scholarly journals Integration of cooking and vacuum cooling of carrots in a same vessel

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves Rodrigues ◽  
Darlene Cavalheiro ◽  
Franciny Campos Schmidt ◽  
João Borges Laurindo
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Single Vessel ◽  
Vacuum Cooling ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Integrated Processes

Cooked vegetables are commonly used in the preparation of ready-to-eat foods. The integration of cooking and cooling of carrots and vacuum cooling in a single vessel is described in this paper. The combination of different methods of cooking and vacuum cooling was investigated. Integrated processes of cooking and vacuum cooling in a same vessel enabled obtaining cooked and cooled carrots at the final temperature of 10 ºC, which is adequate for preparing ready-to-eat foods safely. When cooking and cooling steps were performed with the samples immersed in boiling water, the effective weight loss was approximately 3.6%. When the cooking step was performed with the samples in boiling water or steamed, and the vacuum cooling was applied after draining the boiling water, water loss ranged between 15 and 20%, which caused changes in the product texture. This problem can be solved with rehydration using a small amount of sterile cold water. The instrumental textural properties of carrots samples rehydrated at both vacuum and atmospheric conditions were very similar. Therefore, the integrated process of cooking and vacuum cooling of carrots in a single vessel is a feasible alternative for processing such kind of foods.

Constructing the Collaborative Supply Logistics Operation Mode in Assembly System under JIT Environment

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Guo Li ◽  
Tao Gao ◽  
Lun Ran
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Supply Chain Collaboration ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Cross Docking ◽  
Supply Logistics ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Right

In the JIT assembly system, if any supplier does not deliver the raw materials or components on time, or in the right quantity, the core manufacturers will not assemble on the schedule, which will bring great loss to the whole supply chain and greatly reduce the competitiveness and collaboration of the entire supply chain. Based on a survey on supply chain collaboration and operation model, supply logistics in JIT environment are analyzed from both the inside and outside system with the research goal of coordinating the upstream supply logistics. In order to help manufacturers implement the JIT production, the VMI-Hub operation mode is proposed from the aspect of inside system, and from outside system, cross-docking dispatch operation mode is considered to coordinate the supply logistics in assembly system.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF DIET ON TRANSPLANTED AND SPONTANEOUS MOUSE TUMORS

1914 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 433-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Rous
Keyword(s):  
Human Tumors ◽  
Spontaneous Tumors ◽  
New Host ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Mouse Tumors ◽  
Special Diet ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Ordinary Diet

Previous work has shown that the growth of grafts of transplantable tumors can be in many cases prevented or retarded by underfeeding the new host or by putting it on a special diet. The effect of such treatment on large tumors has been little studied; and the effect on metastases and recurrences has not been studied at all. Apart from certain clinical observations nothing is known as to the influence on spontaneous tumors of alterations in the diet. Experiments with transplanted rat and mouse tumors along the lines thus suggested show that large growths of certain strains are checked in their development by underfeeding the host upon a special diet (Sweet's modification of one of Mendel and Osborne's foods) or in some cases by simple underfeeding. Two metastasizing mouse tumors are instances in point. They stopped growing or grew very slowly in hosts underfed on the special diet. The Flexner-Jobling rat carcinoma, on the other hand, was unaffected by the most rigorous underfeeding on a mixed diet when this was begun after the tumor had been growing for a short period. Experiments to test the influence of underfeeding upon recurrences of this tumor gave results that varied from series to series of animals. The findings strongly indicate that generalizations from work with transplanted tumors as regards the effects of diet on spontaneous growths are unwarranted. By underfeeding on Sweet's food mice with spontaneous tumors, beginning some days prior to operation, it has proved possible in most cases to delay for a relatively long period the development of recurrences and the growth of tumor bits (grafts) disseminated at the time of surgical interference. The treatment entailed great loss of weight. Tumor mice kept on ordinary diet previous to operation, but put thereafter on an abundant ration of Sweet's food, developed recurrences as early as the tumor mice on ordinary diet; whereas the growth of auto-implants was, relatively speaking, much delayed. These results seem attributable rather to a gradual malnutrition induced by the special food than to the circumstance that it lacked a growth principle. In none of the dieted mice was a definite cure obtained. Ordinarily a recurrence appeared and the grafts began to grow soon after the host, again on ordinary food, had regained weight. A few spontaneous tumors seem absolutely unaffected by the most rigorous dieting. Wounds heal with marked slowness in animals that have become thin as a result of dieting, and an inert foreign body (agar-agar) injected subcutaneously is very slowly encapsulated and organized. In these facts may be found a suggestion as to the method whereby dieting delays tumor growth. For it may well be that, with a lessened proliferative activity of the host tissue, the elaboration of a vascularizing and supporting stroma such as most tumors depend upon for their growth, at least indirectly, is much delayed. The rapid growth of tumors in emaciating individuals is not incompatible with the present findings. Such growth may be consequent upon a selection in the host of those cells most fit to cope with the increasingly difficult nutritive conditions. But experiments designed to demonstrate this have been unsuccessful. It is conceivable that recurrences of certain human tumors and the development of metastases may be delayed or prevented for a period by methods somewhat similar to those employed against spontaneous mouse tumors in the present investigation. But generally speaking only the more malignant human tumors would require such palliative measures, and these are precisely the ones that would prove,—if experience with mice is an index,—least amenable to alterations in the nutrition of the host.

Results of some recent experiments on the properties impressed upon light by the action of glass raised to different temperatures, and cooled under different circumstances. By David Brewster, LL. D. F. R. S. Edin. and F. A. S. Ed. in a letter to the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K. B. P. R. S

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 506-506
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Flint Glass ◽  
Fluid State ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Interior Part

The author, being engaged in making a variety of experiments on resinous and other bodies that could be fused between plates of glass, remarked a partial depolarization while the subject of examination was hot, but which diminished on cooling, and consequently could not be ascribed to incipient crystallization. He therefore tried a plate of glass alone; and having previously raised its temperature almost to a red heat, he found that a ray of polarized light became completely depolarized by its passage through it: and he further thence infers, that glass brought to a certain temperature forms two images, and polarizes them like all doubly refracting crystals, only that the two images are, in fact, coincident, instead of being separated. Since in the formation of the glass-tears, called Prince Rupert’s drops, which are made by dropping melted glass into cold water, it is probable that in consequence of the sudden consolidation at the surface, the interior part is prevented from contracting, and consequently retains, in some measure, that relative distance of its particles which obtained in the fluid state, the author conceived these drops to be a fit subject for an interesting experiment; and having procured several such drops, made of white flint-glass, he cut and polished one of them by two planes at right angles to the axis, and a second by two planes parallel to its axis and to each other. When polarized light was transmitted through a drop in either of these directions, it was found to be depolarized; but there was not any position in which the transmitted ray would retain its polarization, as is found in corresponding experiments with crystallized substances.

Root Solution

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-338
Author(s):  
George Limin Gu ◽  
Hui Ding
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Right ◽  
Boiled Water ◽  
Management Improvement

There are three kinds of solutions to business problems: symptom solution, pattern solution, and root solution. Symptom is simply visible phenomena; they are not problems; therefore, symptom solution is only temporary, such as adding cold water to a boiled water. Pattern solution looks alright, but it is not sustainable, costly, and sometimes risky; therefore, it also won't help the business in the long run, such as adding cold water through a thin pipe to the same boiled water. Root solution is powerfully simple, because it dives to the bottom of the issue, such as turning the stove off. Obviously, businesses need to seek root solutions. For years, Company Q has been trying to seek the “right” answers to manage the company, but facts have always left them disappointed, until they found out that the GPS-IE® Management Improvement System is truly systematic, logic- and result-driven, and sustainable.

The effect of winter swimming on body's external temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Anna M. Bach ◽  
Dariusz Dziarkowski ◽  
Szymon Gawrych ◽  
Tetiana Yermakova
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Average Body

Background and Study Aim. The main aim was to compare the changes in external body temperature of students who gave in an immersion of winter swimming. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 15 students, including 7 males and 8 females. The average age of the subjects was 22.4+1.12 years. The group was tested by measuring outer body temperature at 30 spots across their bodies by using a FLUXE 64 MAX pyrometer. Afterwards, subjects entered ice-cold water for 3 minutes. Immediately after leaving the water the second temperature measurements at the same 30 spots were conducted, and the third measurements were done 15 minutes after leaving the water. After 15 days of testing the comparison was made: temperature values from before and after the immersion. Results. The students showed significantly higher average body temperature values before the testing (34.96°C ± 2.21 to 21.85 ± 3.68) and the lowest after the testing (29.86°C ± 4.91 to 6.26°C ± 1.04). The highest difference in average temperatures was obtained in the measurement of the left lower leg - front, the examination before and after (20.73°C), and the lowest in the measurement of the right hand - palm side, the examination after and 15 minutes after (0.19°C). Conclusions. Winter swimming is becoming an increasingly popular sport activity. Conducted research shows the positive influence of winter swimming on human body and organism. The presented research should be further continued in order to learn more about the influence of cold on human body.

THE INFLUENCE OF SODIUM GLUCURONATE ON HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA OF THE NEWBORN—FURTHER OBSERVATIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-689
Author(s):  
Marianne Schwob ◽  
Ralph Perry ◽  
Audrey Boyer ◽  
L. Emmett Holt ◽  
Niilo Hallman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Control Study

A blind control study of intravenous administration of sodium glucuronate solution has been carried out in hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn, using glucose and saline solution as the control. The results with both solutions were virtually identical. In a substantial proportion of the cases a conspicuous decrease in bilirubin in the serum was obtained. In other cases little or no effect was seen. The most likely explanation of the results is that expansion of the extracellular space occurred, a result that may be more frequent when there has been an unusually great loss of weight after birth. It thus appears that sodium glucuronate solution has nothing specific to offer in treatment of hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn.

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