On the cause of the reduction of metals from solutions of their salts by the voltaic circuit

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 447-448
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Pole ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Metallic Salt ◽  
Electric Polarity

The reduction of a metal from its saline solution by the agency of voltaic electricity, has, the author states, been explained in three different ways. By Hisinger, by Berzelius, and by Faraday it has been ascribed to the liberation of hydrogen in this process: Davy and others considered it as resulting directly from the attraction o the metal to the negative pole: and Daniell conceives that the metal is directly electrolysed by the action of the voltaic circuit. The author found that the ends of copper wires, placed in a solution of sulphate of copper between two platina poles in the circuit, mani­fest electric polarity; so that while one end is dissolving, the other is receiving deposits of copper: he also found that platina was, in like manner, susceptible of polarity, although in a much less degree than copper, when placed in similar circumstances. With a view to determine the influence of nascent hydrogen in the voltaic reduc­tion of metals, he impregnated pieces of coke and of porous char­coal with hydrogen, by placing them, while in contact with a metal, in an acid solution, when they thus constituted the negative pole of the circuit; and he found that the pieces thus charged readily re­duced the metals of solutions into which they were immersed; and thence infers that the hydrogen is the agent in these reductions. From another set of experiments he concludes, that during these decompositions, water is really formed at the negative pole; a circumstance which he conceives is the chief source of the difficulties ex­perienced in electro-metallurgic operations when they are conducted on a large scale, but which may be avoided by a particular mode of arranging the elements of the circuit so as to ensure the uniform diffusion of the salt. The author obtained the immediate reduction of gold, platina, palladium, copper, silver and tin from their solutions by the agency of hydrogen contained in a tube, with a piece of platinized platina in contact with the metallic salt: nitric acid and persalts of iron, on the other hand, yielded their oxygen by the influence of the same agent.

scholarly journals XX. On the separation of iron from other metals

1821 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 293-299
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exact Method ◽  
General Application ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Analytical Research

An easy and exact method of separating iron from the other metals with which it may happen to be mixed, has always been a desideratum in chemistry. Every one con­versant with the analysis of minerals is aware of the difficulty of the problem, which indeed is such that, in experiments conducted on any thing like a large scale, it might hitherto be regarded as insuperable. In consequence of this, and of the importance of the enquiry, there is hardly a chemist of eminence who has not proposed some process for the pur­pose, but (with the exception of that which depends on the insolubility of the persuccinate of the obnoxious metal, which I have not tried, and which is too expensive to be resorted to for any but the nicer purposes of analytical research) they are all of them either inadequate to the end proposed, intole­rably tedious, or limited in their application. That which I have now to propose, on the other hand, is liable to none of these objections, being mathematically rigorous, of general application, and possessing in the highest degree the advan­tages of facility, celerity, and cheapness. It is briefly this : The solution containing iron, is to be brought to the maxi­mum of oxidation, which can be communicated to it by boiling with nitric acid. It is then to be just neutralized while in a state of ebullition , by carbonate of ammonia. The whole of the iron to the last atom, is precipitated, and the whole of the other metals present (which I suppose to be manganese, cerium, nickel, and cobalt), remains in solution.

scholarly journals The Theory of the Large Scale Structure of the Universe

1978 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 409-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya B. Zeldovich
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Single Statement

The God-father of psychoanalysis Professor Sigmund Freud taught us that the behaviour of adults depends on their early childhood experiences. in the same spirit, the problem of cosmological analysis is to derive the observed present day situation and structure of the Universe from certain plausible assumptions about its early behaviour. Perhaps the most important single statement about the large scale structure is that there is no structure at all on the largest scale − 1000 Mpc and more. On this scale the Universe is rather uniform, structureless and isotropically expanding - just according to the simplified pictures of Einstein-Friedmann……. Humason, Hubble…. Robertson, Walker. On the other hand there is a lot of structure on the scale of 100 or 50 Mpc and less. There are clusters and superclusters of galaxies.

scholarly journals Adult caddisflies (Trichoptera) attracted to artificial lights in the middle reaches of the Shinano River from 2005 to 2007

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMIO HIRABAYASHI ◽  
GORO KIMURA ◽  
EISO INOUE
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Summer Flood

The species composition and abundance of adult caddisflies attracted to the illuminated showcase of a vending machine set along the middle reaches of the Shinano River were investigated every Sunday night from April to November in 2005 to 2007. A total of 1,405 adult caddisflies was collected during the investigation periods. We identified a total of 13 species belonging to 11 genera of 8 families. The most abundant species was Psychomyia acutipennis (Ulmer 1908) each year. Psychomyia acutipennis adults were collected from mid-May to the beginning of October (the range of mean air temperature was 13.8 to 27.7°C), with its seasonal abundance divided into several peaks, i.e., the end of May, the beginning of June, and the end of August to the beginning of September in both 2006 and 2007. On the other hand, in 2005 when there was no large-scale summer flood and there were no marked abundance peaks. The present study suggests that the mean air temperature and summer floods impacted the seasonal abundance of P. acutipennis adults.

scholarly journals The Bologna submillisecond pulsar survey

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichi D’Amico
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Millisecond Pulsar ◽  
Millisecond Pulsars ◽  
Spin Period ◽  
Other Hand

AbstractSince the discovery of the original millisecond pulsar, no pulsars with a shorter spin period (P<1.56 ms) were found. However, according to the most popular equations of state, the theoretical limiting spin period of a neutron star can be much shorter. On the other hand, most of the large scale searches for millisecond pulsars carried out so far were strongly biased against the detection of ultrashort periodicities. In this paper we describe a new large scale pulsar survey with a minimum detectable period much shorter than previous searches.

scholarly journals II. On the stratification of vesicular ice by pressure

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 209-213
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bounding Surface ◽  
Effect Of Pressure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Continuous Mass ◽  
Two Sides

In my last letter to you I pointed out that my brother’s theory of the effect of pressure in lowering the freezing-point of water, affords a perfect explanation of various remarkable phenomena involving the internal melting of ice, described by Professor Tyndall in the Number of the ‘Proceedings’ which has just been published. I wish now to show that the stratification of vesicular ice by pressure observed on a large scale in glaciers, and the lamination of clear ice described by Dr. Tyndall as produced in hand specimens by a Brahmah’s press, are also demonstrable as conclusions from the same theory. Conceive a continuous mass of ice, with vesicles containing either air or water distributed through it ; and let this mass be pressed together by opposing forces on two opposite sides of it. The vesi­cles will gradually become arranged in strata perpendicular to the lines of pressure, because of the melting of ice in the localities of greatest pressure and the regelation of the water in the localities of least pressure, in the neighbourhood of groups of these cavities . For, any two vesicles nearly in the direction of the condensation will afford to the ice between them a relief from pressure, and will occa­sion an aggravated pressure in the ice round each of them in the places farthest out from the line joining their centres; while the pressure in the ice on the far sides of the two vesicles will be some­ what diminished from what it would be were their cavities filled up with the' solid, although not nearly as much diminished as it is in the ice between the two. Hence, as demonstrated by my brother’s theory and my own experiment, the melting temperature of the ice round each vesicle will be highest on its side nearest to the other vesicle, and lowest in the localities on the whole farthest from the line joining the centres. Therefore, ice will melt from these last-mentioned localities, and, if each vesicle have water in it, the partition between the two will thicken by freezing on each side of it. Any two vesicles, on the other hand, which are nearly in a line per­pendicular to the direction of pressure will agree in leaving an aggra­vated pressure to be borne by the solid between them, and will each direct away some of the pressure from the portions of the solid next itself on the two sides farthest from the plane through the centres, perpendicular to the line of pressure. This will give rise to an in­ crease of pressure on the whole in the solid all round the two cavi­ties, and nearly in the plane perpendicular to the pressure, although nowhere else so much as in the part between them. Hence these two vesicles will gradually extend towards one another by the melting of the intervening ice, and each will become flattened in towards the plane through the centres perpendicular to the direction of press­ure, by the freezing of water on the parts of the bounding surface farthest from this plane. It may be similarly shown that two vesi­cles in a line oblique to that of condensation will give rise to such variations of pressure in the solid in their neighbourhood, as to make them, by melting and freezing, to extend, each obliquely towards the other and from the parts of its boundary most remote from a plane midway between them, perpendicular to the direction of pressure.

Resisting (Meta) Physical Catastrophes through Acts of Marronage

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Pedro Lebrón Ortiz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The colonial process constituted a twofold catastrophe. On the one hand, the genocide and enslavement of racialized bodies, along with the large-scale destruction of their lands was a material, or physical, catastrophe. On the other hand, colonialism led to a reconfiguring of intersubjectivities which constituted a “metaphysical catastrophe” according Puerto Rican philosopher Nelson Maldonado-Torres. This metaphysical catastrophe relegates the racialized subject beneath the zones of being and non-being leading to dehumanization and permanent war. This text intends to illuminate ways in which analectical marronage, as an existential state of Being, resists this twofold catastrophe brought about by the imperial enterprise.

scholarly journals Concertante techniques in Trois images by Ivo Petrić

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Niall O'Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Frank Martin ◽  
Movement Structure

The large-scale romantic concerto has been reevaluated by many composers of the 20th century. These have included Stravinsky, Honegger and Frank Martin, who have all tended to compose on a much smaller scale. One such work is Ivo Petrić's Trois images, a violin concerto dating from 1972-73. It displays an ambiguous approach to form, the relationships between the soloist and orchestra, the use of musical motives and the idea of the concerto. On the one hand, it has links with tradition in that it uses the title and three-movement structure of the concerto, the traditional relationships of dialogue, solo and accompaniment, development of motives and virtuoso techniques. On the other hand, it breaks with tradition by disguising the contrasts and separation of the individual movements, and transforming traditional concerto techniques for use in the freely coordinated idiom that the composer was using at the time. It proves to be an excellent example of how concerto techniques can be combined with the techniques of the avant-garde.

scholarly journals http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/67

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Farhana Niazi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Rape Survivor ◽  
Crimes Against Women ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Islamic Society

Crimes against women include many crimes, but this research paper focuses on rape cases and seeks to find out when television channels cover rape cases, what are the consequences of it, how they affect the Islamic society and what has been said about it in the light of Qur'an and Hadith? This topic is also important because no significant research paper on this subject has been written in Pakistan before and no clear picture has emerged. The pamphlet assumes that the broadcasting of incidents of rape of women on television channels is having a negative impact on the society, which has been investigated in every possible way. In this regard, various incidents of rape from 2012 to 2014 have been studied in the broadcasts of two television channels. A survey was also conducted to gauge public opinion, which revealed a variety of views. The survey included all kinds of questions that cover the entire subject. On the other hand, an interview with a victim has been conducted to find out the opinion of the rape survivor; while an interview with an individual associated with electronic media and a psychologist is also part of this pamphlet. The study found that news channels do not pay attention to a single statement while covering rape incidents, while on the other hand, the identity of the victim is revealed, which is also denied by our religion Islam and the Qur'an. According to the findings, more research is needed in the near future, and television channels need to collaborate with researchers and give them access to content. Similarly, there is a need for a large-scale comprehensive study in which data from all over the country is collected so that a complete picture can emerge.

Fighting Cybercrime and Protecting Privacy

2015 ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Valls-Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Way

This chapter is about the use of large-scale databases that has increased considerably in the last two years. It is a powerful tool to predict future situations that may affect society. The use of an environmental scanner to fight cybercrime—as an organized crime—is the project for using this technique of large-scale databases to try to guarantee the security against the risk of new, developing forms of criminal activities. On the other hand, the use of large-scale databases utilizes a great amount of personal data to try to predict where and how organized crime or new forms of criminality will develop. This means that we have to evaluate the interests of security of society and the privacy of the person, and we have to find the way to balance both in a democratic society. There are important ethical issues to be considered in the employment of this new and unregulated instrument.

Big Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertil LINDENFALK ◽  
Andrea RESMINI ◽  
Terence FENN ◽  
Jason HOBBS
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Other Hand

Large-scale transformation projects have so far rather consistently embraced a dirigist, technicistic perspective. Their outcomes are on the other hand meant to be experienced by communities in a direct, engaged manner that is embodied, spatial and temporal. For processes meant to radically transform the lived experience of people, they have so far been strategically unconcerned with any human-centric view

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