scholarly journals I. On the theory of lubrication and its application to Mr. Beauchamp tower’s experiments, including an experimental determination of the viscosity of olive oil

1886 ◽  
Vol 40 (242-245) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Viscous Fluids ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
The Subject

Lubrication, or the action of oils and other viscous fluids to diminish friction and wear between solid surfaces, does not appear to have hitherto formed a subject for theoretical treatment. Such treatment may have been prevented by the obscurity of the physical actions involved, which belong to a class as yet but little known, namely, the boundary or surface actions of fluids; but the absence of such treatment has also been owing to the want of any general laws revealed by experiment. The subject is of such fundamental importance in practical mechanics, and the opportunities of observation so frequent, that it may well be a matter of surprise that any general laws should have for so long escaped detection.

IV. On the theory of lubrication and its application to Mr. Beauchamp tower’s experiments, including an experimental determination of the viscosity of olive oil

1886 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 157-234 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Viscous Fluids ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
The Subject

1. Lubrication, or the action of oils and other viscous fluids to diminish friction and wear between solid surfaces, does not appear to have hitherto formed a subject for theoretical treatment. Such treatment may have been prevented by the obscurity of the physical actions involved, which belong to a class as yet but little known, namely, the boundary or surface actions of fluids; but the absence of such treatment has also been owing to the want of any general laws discovered by experiment. The subject is of such fundamental importance in practical mechanics, and the opportunities for observation are so frequent, that it may well be a matter of surprise that any general laws should have for so long escaped detection.

scholarly journals Measurability of D-concurrence

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Karimi ◽  
A. Heshmati ◽  
M. Yahyavi ◽  
M. A. Jafarizadeh ◽  
A. Mohammadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Pure State ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Entanglement Measure ◽  
Quantum Information Science ◽  
The Subject ◽  
A Direct Method

AbstractAn effective approach to quantify entanglement of any bipartite systems is D-concurrence, which is important in quantum information science. In this paper, we present a direct method for experimental determination of the D-concurrence of an arbitrary bipartite pure state. To do this, we show that measurement of the D-concurrence of bipartite pure state can be conversed into the measurement performed on some observables so called generalized Gell-Mann operators. We first introduce the concept of D-concurrence for a bipartite system. Then we explain the method of measuring this entanglement measure for the pure state. Finally, for clarify of the subject, we give an example consisting of two parties A and B with dimensions 3.

Macroscopic attractive forces between solid surfaces separated by 10–100 nm II. Experimental determination of attractive forces between mica cylinders by both dynamic-jump and static-jump methods

1982 ◽  
Vol 383 (1785) ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Point ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Free Vibrations ◽  
Unstable Equilibrium ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Unstable Equilibrium Point

Experiments are described that measure macroscopic attractive forces between two mica cylinders. The dynamic-jump method locates the unstable equilibrium point, which is present in the measuring system for a certain régime of separation, and uses the free vibrations of a spring-mounted mica cylinder.

scholarly journals III. An experimental determination of the variation with temperature of the critical velocity of flow of water in pipes

1903 ◽  
Vol 201 (331-345) ◽  
pp. 45-61 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Critical Velocity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Experimental Side ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theory And Experiment

The motion of water in pipes and channels has been the subject of frequent investigation, both from the theoretical and the experimental side, and it is well known that while in some cases theory and experiment are in exact accord, yet in many others the experimental results differ widely from the calculated. In some cases, while the theory holds for one set of conditions, it is found not to hold for conditions which at first do not appear to be fundamentally different.

Optical characteristics of a two-cylinder electrostatic lens

1946 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Electrostatic Lens ◽  
Precise Formulation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper formulae are developed for the first and second focal lengths, and the positions of the first and second principal planes of a type of electrostatic lens which has been the subject of study (mostly experimental) in several previous papers. The lens, which is commonly used in electron optical devices, lends itself to a theoretical study, although this does not appear to have been attempted before. It consists of two equal semi-infinite cylinders placed end to end so that their axes coincide and the ends are separated by a small gap. If the cylinders are at potentials V1 and V2 and we write σ = V2/V1, the system behaves as an electron lens when σ > 0 and as an electron mirror when σ < 0. In the latter case some experimental results have been given by Nicoll(1) who also studied the focusing action in the case σ > 0 and, in particular, the formation of intermediate images when σ ≪ 1 and when σ ≫ 1. But for the precise formulation of the relationship between σ and the number of cross-overs a theoretical study, based on the paraxial equation, would be necessary. The problem will be indicated below. An experimental determination of the lens characteristics for values of σ from about 2 to 15 and for several gap widths has been made by Spangenberg(2), whose results will be compared with those obtained in the present paper. The two-cylinder lens has also been studied by Klemperer and Wright(3) using an experimental and a numerical (trigonometrical) method, and some crude analytical results have been given by Gray(4).

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF INCIPIENT TURBULENCE IN THE WORKING PART OF THE T-1 WIND TUNNEL OF IVAN KOZHEDUB KHARKIV NATIONAL AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Віталій Бездєльний ◽  
Сергій Шевченко ◽  
Ілля Грідасов
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the article is to determine the level of incipient turbulence in the wind tunnel T-1 which is based on the method of measuring the pressure drop. The purpose is to experimentally determine the level of incipient turbulence in the working part of wind tunnel T-1 of Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University in preparation for aerodynamic testing of aircraft models. Research methods: the method of pressure drop on the surface of the sphere by drainage. The following results of experimental determination of the level of incipient turbulence in the wind tunnel T-1 were obtained. It is established that the wind tunnel T-1 has a level of incipient turbulence 0,5…0,9 %, which corresponds to the normal condition for further experimental studies. Conclusions. According to the results of studies of the incipient turbulence in the wind tunnel T-1 by the method of pressure drop, the main dependences are obtained, and the incipient turbulence of the flow for the wooden sphere x = 0,9 %, and for the metal sphere x = 0,5 %, is determined. Determining the pressure distribution and aerodynamic drag does not involve measures to balance the aerodynamic scales and their certification, which determines the necessary role in the obtained reliable results of the experimental study, and this favors the drainage method.

Experimental Determination of Thermal Properties of Highly Viscous Liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 1041 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Petra Vojkůvková ◽  
Ondřej Šikula
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Viscous Fluids ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Set Up

This contribution deals with experimental determination of thermal properties needed for transient heat transfer calculation by conduction in highly viscous fluids; which are the density, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. Density was determined by direct method, heat capacity was measured with mixing calorimeter and thermal conductivity was studied with two different measuring equipments. Experimental set up for determination of thermal conductivity was designed and constructed by the author. Results were corrected by numerical simulations in CalA software. All measurement quantities were compared with calculations based on the chemical composition of the substance. The determined thermal properties can be used for calculation of energy performance of heating and cooling of highly viscous fluids.

Experimental determination of the second viscosity

1954 ◽  
Vol 226 (1164) ◽  
pp. 56-57 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Excess Adsorption ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coefficient Of Viscosity ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Excess Absorption

Previous speakers have mentioned that the subject of the second coefficient of viscosity was first clearly and fully dealt with by Tisza in 1942. He put forward the point of view, from theoretical considerations, that the excess absorption of highfrequency sound energy in different media could be accounted for by considering the factor of the second viscosity. His theoretical deductions, however, were not in a form which could be checked experimentally. In 1947 Gurevich again pointed out this fact and showed that excess adsorption of sound in water could be satisfactorily explained but again without experimental verification. Any direct method for the experimental determination of this coefficient is still not known.

scholarly journals On the magnetic shielding of large spaces, and its experimental measurement

1916 ◽  
Vol 92 (644) ◽  
pp. 529-549 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Magnetic Shielding ◽  
Small Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Subject

It is not a matter of difficulty to annul almost completely the field of the earth throughout a small space by a suitable choice of an iron shield. If, however, the region over which the field must be reduced is large, the problem becomes more difficult unless considerable masses of iron are used. For it is evident that the absolute dimensions of the shield are not important to the degree of shielding produced, that is to say, that a given shield magnified in all its parts in the same ratio continues to give the same degree of shielding. The object of the present investigation is to show that the shielding of large spaces can nevertheless be achieved by the employment of properly designed multiple or concentric shields, without the necessity for a prohibitive amount of iron. In connection with some recent work, moreover, the necessity has arisen for maintaining a magnetic field at least as small as 5·10 -3 within a region of comparatively large dimensions. It is evident that the most suitable means is to reduce the field of the earth to this extent, but calculations soon show that the usual arrangements of soft iron shields involve a prohibitive amount of material. The necessity in fact arises for the determination of the most economical arrangement capable of giving a specified high shielding ratio. Since, in view of applications of the work, the actual magnitude of the field must be known, corrected for every variety of magnetic leakage which can invalidate the theory, some experimental device is also required for the measurement of such fields. There is apparently no record of the experimental determination directly of fields even of this order of magnitude, and since a method has been found which is capable of considerable accuracy and is in fact suitable for the measurement of fields only 10 -4 times that of the earth, a description of this and of other methods with their practical limitations appears to be of value. It must be emphasised that the difficulties which are encountered, and the methods necessary to overcome them, are to a great extent peculiar and inevitable to work which must be carried on with large quantities of material. The investigation which originally led to the necessity for known fields of such a small order—it has since been supplemented by others which cannot at present be described—was the subject of earlier communications by one of us.

On the Determination of "Pancreatitis Lipase" in serum

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J Henry ◽  
Charles Sobel ◽  
Sam Berkman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The specificity of the lipolytic activity occurring in sera from patients with acute pancreatitis for olive oil has been demonstrated. The "lipase" method proposed by Goldstein and co-workers, employing tributyrin as substrate, does not measure "pancreatitis lipase" "Pancreatitis lipase" differs from the enzymes present in pancreatic extracts so that, if the former is the subject of concern in experimental studies, sera from patients with pancreatitis must be used as the source of the enzyme. Several variables involved in the use of olive oil as substrate have been examined, and the technic finally arrived at is essentially that proposed by Cherry and Crandall with the exception of the use of thymolphthalein as indicator in the titration. Normal values for this technic were determined.

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