scholarly journals The formation and constitution of crystals of lead salts containing water-soluble colloid

1935 ◽  
Vol 235 (749) ◽  
pp. 125-164 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
As If ◽  
Saturated Solutions

The influence of small amounts of dissolved foreign substances on the growth of crystals from saturated solutions has been the subject of much investigation. Usually the added substances have been electrolytes. Dyestuffs have not been neglected, but with some few exceptions comparatively little attention has been given to the effect of non-ionized water-soluble electrolytes such as gelatine or dextrine. As a rule, the presence of the foreign substances is found to cause the crystals to assume a different habit. Whenever this occurs the absorption must have occurred on certain crystal-faces in preference to others, but, although the added material is active by virtue of its close attachment to such faces, it is rarely found to be incorporated into the solid to any great extent. The growing crystals appear to reject the impurity—thrusting it outwards as the growth advances. The action of water-soluble colloids on the halides and certain other salts of lead is exceptional in several ways. Although when such colloids are present in small concentrations one can generally observe a modification of habit, at higher concentrations there may be little selective adsorption, and the result may be a rounded crystal on which no plane faces at all can be distinguished, as if the forces by which atoms are attracted to the structure had been equalized in every direction.

scholarly journals Sulfobetaine Cryogels for Preferential Adsorption of Methyl Orange from Mixed Dye Solutions

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Ramona B. J. Ihlenburg ◽  
Anne-Catherine Lehnen ◽  
Joachim Koetz ◽  
Andreas Taubert
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Preferential Adsorption ◽  
Dimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Dye Solutions

New cryogels for selective dye removal from aqueous solution were prepared by free radical polymerization from the highly water-soluble crosslinker N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-N,N’-bis(2-ethylmethacrylate)-propyl-1,3-diammonium dibromide and the sulfobetaine monomer 2-(N-3-sulfopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium)ethyl methacrylate. The resulting white and opaque cryogels have micrometer sized pores with a smaller substructure. They adsorb methyl orange (MO) but not methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Mixtures of MO and MB can be separated through selective adsorption of the MO to the cryogels while the MB remains in solution. The resulting cryogels are thus candidates for the removal of hazardous organic substances, as exemplified by MO and MB, from water. Clearly, it is possible that the cryogels are also potentially interesting for removal of other compounds such as pharmaceuticals or pesticides, but this must be investigated further.

scholarly journals Visualizing monolayers with a water-soluble fluorophore to quantify adsorption, desorption, and the double layer

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. E826-E835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Shieh ◽  
Joseph A. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Anionic Phospholipid ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Disordered Phase

Contrast in confocal microscopy of phase-separated monolayers at the air–water interface can be generated by the selective adsorption of water-soluble fluorescent dyes to disordered monolayer phases. Optical sectioning minimizes the fluorescence signal from the subphase, whereas convolution of the measured point spread function with a simple box model of the interface provides quantitative assessment of the excess dye concentration associated with the monolayer. Coexisting liquid-expanded, liquid-condensed, and gas phases could be visualized due to differential dye adsorption in the liquid-expanded and gas phases. Dye preferentially adsorbed to the liquid-disordered phase during immiscible liquid–liquid phase coexistence, and the contrast persisted through the critical point as shown by characteristic circle-to-stripe shape transitions. The measured dye concentration in the disordered phase depended on the phase composition and surface pressure, and the dye was expelled from the film at the end of coexistence. The excess concentration of a cationic dye within the double layer adjacent to an anionic phospholipid monolayer was quantified as a function of subphase ionic strength, and the changes in measured excess agreed with those predicted by the mean-field Gouy–Chapman equations. This provided a rapid and noninvasive optical method of measuring the fractional dissociation of lipid headgroups and the monolayer surface potential.

scholarly journals An attempt at clarifying Maximus the Confesor’s remarks on (the fate of) sexual difference in Ambiguum 41

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
Sotiris Mitralexis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximus The Confessor ◽  
As If

Maximus the Confessor?s Ambiguum 41 contains some rather atypical observations concerning the distinction of sexes in the human person. There is a certain ambiguity as to whether the distinction of the sexes was intended by God and is ?by nature? (as found in Genesis and asserted by most Church Fathers) or a product of the Fall. Namely, Christ is described three times as ?shaking out of nature the distinctive characteristics of male and female?, ?driving out of nature the difference and division of male and female? and ?removing the difference between male and female?. Different readings of those passages engender important implications that can be drawn out from the Confessor?s thought, both eschatological implications and otherwise. The subject has been picked up by Cameron Partridge, Doru Costache and Karolina Kochanczyk-Boninska, among others, but is by no means settled, as they draw quite different conclusions. The noteworthy and far-reaching implications of Maximus? theological stance and problems are not the object of this paper. In a 2017 paper I attempted to demonstrate what Maximus exactly says in these peculiar and oft-commented passages through a close reading, in order to avoid a two-edged Maximian misunderstanding: to either draw overly radical implications from those passages, projecting decidedly non-Maximian visions on the historical Maximus, or none at all, as if those passages represented standard Patristic positions. Here, I am revisiting this argument, given that the interest in what the Confessor has to say on the subject seems to be increasing.

Postscript - The COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Professor John Swarbrooke
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Main Text ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
As If

I completed the main text of this book a few days before Coronavirus, as it was called at the beginning, started to become a major story in the news in Europe. Now, just over three months later, as the book is about go for printing it seems as if the COVID-19 pandemic, as it is now called, is about the only story in the world’s media. In the circumstances, it seems important that I say something about the virus and its potential impact on the subject of this book. As I write these words, in early Ma y 2020, the pandemic has killed at least 264,000 people worldwide and some 3.8 million people are confirmed to have been infected, although the actual number is likely to be significantly higher as many people who have had the virus may not have had it confirmed through testing. To put this in context, the Spanish Flu pandemic in 1918 killed an estimated 50 million people, while the highly publicised outbreak of SARS in 2003 killed fewer than 1,000 people. The 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in Africa resulted in the deaths of an estimated 11,300 people. So COVID-19 is far and away the largest pandemic, in terms of deaths, to hit the world in just over a century. Of course, we do not yet know the final death toll from it, for as I write it is still continuing. Furthermore, unlike SARS and Ebola this virus is a true pandemic, affecting virtually every part of the planet where human beings live.

Twine in the Baler

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Political Activity ◽  
True Story ◽  
Public Meetings ◽  
Growth Industry ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Symbolic Gestures ◽  
As If

I recall a true story about an Ozark farmer who telephoned his neighbors one fine June day asking for help in getting in his hay. Arriving at the hayfield, people found the farmer baling his hay, but without twine in the baler. Unbound piles of hay, which would have to be entirely reraked and rebaled, lay all over the field. The farmer, with a bottle of whiskey in his lap, was feeling no pain, as they say, and did not seem to notice the problem, nor did the dozen or so men, similarly anesthetized, standing around the pickup trucks at the edge of the field. Believing the lack of twine to be a serious problem, one of the volunteers, a newcomer to such haying operations, suggested putting a roll of twine in the baler. To which an old-timer replied: “Naw, no need for that. Ol’ Billy-Hugh [the farmer in question] is having too much fun to stop now.” This story says something important about intention. Those of us who arrived on the scene ready to work failed to understand that the purpose of the event had nothing to do with getting in hay. This was a party, haying the pretext. Once we understood that, all of us could get in the flow, so to speak. A good many things, including politics, work similarly. One of the best books ever written about politics, The Symbolic Uses of Politics (Edelman 1962), develops the thesis that the purpose of political activity is often not to solve problems but only to appear as if doing so. The politics of sustainability, unfortunately, provide no obvious exception to this tendency to exalt symbolism over substance. And of symbols and words there is no end. The subject of sustainability has become a growth industry. Government- and business-sponsored councils, conferences, and public meetings on sustainability proliferate, most of which seem to be symbolic gestures to allay public anxieties, not to get down to root causes.

Gerry Knowles, A cultural history of the English language. London: Arnold, 1997. Pp. x, 180. Hb $59.95, pb $20.00.

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Richard W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
English Language ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
As If

In his preface, Knowles makes clear what his book is not. It is not a history of literary English, and it is not an account of changes in linguistic form; it is a “cultural history.” In the introductory chapter, he declares: “In view of the close connection between language and power, it is impossible to treat the history of the language without reference to politics” (9). Of course, books that purport to be histories of English have often “treated” the subject without apparent politics. Knowles is right in alleging that the politics of such books has often been implicit, since most of them provide information about the ascent of one variety of the language to the elevated status of a standard – as if that were an inevitable and desirable result of the spirit of goodness working itself out through speech.

III. Experimental researches in electricity. ─Twenty-fifth series

1851 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 29-84 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Central Line ◽  
General View ◽  
Axial Line ◽  
Electric Induction ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
As If

2797. The remarkable results given in a former series of these researches (2757. &c.) respecting the powerful tendency of certain gaseous substances to proceed either to or from the central line of magnetic force, according to their relation to other substances present at the same time, and yet the absence of all condensation or expansion of these bodies (2756.) which might be supposed to be consequent on such an amount of attractive or repulsive force as would be thought needful to produce this tendency and determination to particular places, have, upon consideration, led me to the idea, that if bodies possess different degrees of conducting power for magnetism, that difference may account for all the phenomena; and, further, that if such an idea be considered, it may assist in developing the nature of magnetic force. I shall therefore venture to think and speak freely on this matter for a while, for the purpose of drawing others into a consideration of the subject; though I run the risk, in doing so, of falling into error through imperfect experiments and reasoning. As yet, however, I only state the case hypothetically, and use the phrase conducting power as a general expression of the capability which bodies may possess of affecting the transmission of magnetic force; implying nothing as to how the process of conduction is carried on. Thus limited in sense, the phrase may be very useful, enabling us to take, for a time, a connected, consistent and general view of a large class of phenomena; may serve as a standard of meaning amongst them, and yet need not necessarily involve any error, inasmuch as whatever may be the principles and condition of conduction, the phenomena dependent on it must consist among themselves. 2798. If a medium having a certain conducting power occupy the magnetic field, and then a portion of another medium or substance be placed in the field having a greater conducting power, the latter will tend to draw up towards the place of greatest force, displacing the former. Such at least is the case with bodies that are freely magnetic, as iron, nickel, cobalt and their combinations (2357. 2363. 2367. &c.), and such a result is in analogy with the phenomena produced by electric induction. If a portion of still higher conducting power be brought into play, it will approach the axial line and displace that which had just gone there; so that a body having a certain amount of conducting power, will appear as if attracted in a medium of weaker power, and as if repelled in a medium of stronger power by this differential kind of action (2367. 2414.).

The Work of an English Mathematical Student

1913 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
H. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Subject ◽  
As If

A few weeks ago Professor Babb invited me to give you a short address on some topic connected with the study of mathematics at English schools and universities. In thinking over the subject I have naturally tried to recall the various impressions I received during my school and college days, leaving out, of course, the marks of the cane. For a little while it has seemed just as if time had been put back ten years or so, that I was again looking at things from the point of view of the student and comparing experiences and opinions with my college friends.

I. Portraits

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 5-28
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Roman Art ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Roman Coins ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
As If

Portraiture is among the most obvious legacies of classical antiquity. Roman busts of rulers and private individuals, sculpted in marble or occasionally cast in bronze, are the frequent inhabitants of museums and country houses. Imposing portrait-statues survive in great numbers, albeit frequently missing some of their extremities. We also have many smaller and more subtle images like those carved in gems and semiprecious stones, and, of course, the heads on Roman coins whose influence on the design of modern money is still obvious. The very custom of modern portraiture itself is, broadly speaking, derived from Rome, though it is easy to take it for granted as if it were an obvious or universal art-form. The Roman world was truly crowded with portraits. They are the subject of intense study and interesting debate. As such they present a useful point of departure for this survey of Roman art history.

scholarly journals A further induction of melanism in the lepidopterous Insect, S elenia biiunaria esp., and its inheritance

1928 ◽  
Vol 102 (718) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Early Date ◽  
Adequate Supply ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Experimental Induction ◽  
Acid Radical ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Open Question

The subject of the experimental induction of melanism in the Lepidoptera, by feeding the larvæ of the species employed on food artificially charged with manganese or lead salts, has already been discussed in a former paper (Harrison and Garrett, 1926). However, as was definitely indicated in the concluding sentences of that contribution, the work left it quite an open question whether one had to look upon the metal or the acid radical in the compound supplied, as the active agent in bringing about the induction. Recognising this, we stated that further researches were contemplated on similar lines at an early date, to settle the matter. A few months after the conclusion of the earlier work I came into possession of an adequate supply of pupae of Selenia biiunaria (the Early Thorn), collected in the mountain district between Saxony and Czechoslovakia, and I determined to commence the work at once, restricting the investigation to the effects of the metal manganese. Since the manganese salt -used in the former investigation had been the sulphate, in the newer experiments recourse was made to the chloride.

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