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Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3454
Author(s):  
Joanna Rosenbeger ◽  
Kamil Pytlak ◽  
Ewa Łukaszewicz ◽  
Artur Kowalczyk

Despite numerous studies, intra-species variation in bird eggs is still not well explained. In the presented studies, we investigated the possible sources of this variation: female factor, laying order, and season, using the following traits of Capercaillie eggs as an example: egg size and shape, eggshell lightness, and thickness. Samples were collected for three years from three Capercaillie breeding centres located in different parts of Poland, where birds are kept in conditions close to their natural habitat and have a similar diet. The obtained results showed no significant impact of laying order on egg size, shape, pigmentation, nor eggshell thickness. This indicates that the provided nutrition ensures an adequate supply of minerals for the entire laying period. Most results did not show statistically significant differences between eggs from different breeding centres, but in one breeding centre, eggshells had lighter pigmentation. We assume the observed differences may result from females’ individual features or local environmental conditions. Egg traits were highly consistent for individual females, proving that visual identification can be useful in identifying the eggs of different females.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pungky Suherman ◽  
Ribangun Bamban Jakaria

Tilapia fish is a freshwater fish commodity that has quite a lot of nutritional content so that there are many devotees. PT. XYZ provides an adequate supply of tilapia fish, but there are many complaints from customers about the availability of this fish so they are demanded to continue conduct an evaluation of the fish stock. the fishmonger must decide how much fish to buy from the supplier. If the fish seller buys too much fish and it doesn't sell out on that day, then the large number of fish that are not sold has no value on that day. Conversely, if the fish seller buys too little fish, then the seller fish have lost the opportunity to get a bigger profit. This study aims to optimize the supply of mujaer fish. The method in research using the newsboy method, data collection methods used are by using observation, interviews and data processing. You will know the amount of fish stock for the day Monday to Friday as much as 3000 kg, this calculation is based on the results of data patterns, trend analysis and the average fish sold, it can be concluded that Monday-Friday supplies can generate optimum profit.


Author(s):  
Olusola Joshua Olujobi

The study seeks to explore the need for deregulation of the downstream sector of the Nigerian petroleum industry and to address the various inefficiencies in the sector to promote adequate supply of petroleum products in Nigeria. The aim is to enhance efficiency in the sector through institutional and regulatory reforms, to promote healthy competition by making reference to the experiences of other relatively advanced jurisdictions to refocus and strengthen Nigeria's downstream Petroleum sector's regulations. The work adopts a conceptual approach relying on extant literature with the application of the doctrinal legal research method. The study also makes use of primary and secondary sources of laws such as statutory and judicial authorities. A key finding is the overbearing presence of the federal government in the sector and inappropriate pricing of petroleum products which have made the sector unattractive to investors to establish private refineries that will guarantee adequate supply of petroleum products and fair returns on their investments due to excessive regulation.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Thompson

Ontario’s Greater Golden Horseshoe is experiencing rapid growth that if unchecked could perpetuate "sprawl" and threaten the Region’s sustainability. To manage this growth, the Province adopted a program of "Smart Growth" and prepared a regional Growth Plan amidst a suite of complementary legislation. Municipalities are now expected to accommodate high levels of growth with an adequate supply of water and the necessary infrastructure to support increased demand. This invites the question of whether growth can be sustained through infrastructure upgrades, or whether absolute hydrologic limits will reshape regional growth. To investigate this, two strands of research are merged, which have traditionally been carried out individually - Smart Growth and "Planning by the Pipe". This paper argues that Ontario should align its growth management strategy with the servicing capacity and lifespan of water and wastewater infrastructure as well as the finances required for their maintenance and expansion. This consideration must not only reflect preferred areas for growth but the region’s hydrological capacity to support the increased demand in these areas.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Thompson

Ontario’s Greater Golden Horseshoe is experiencing rapid growth that if unchecked could perpetuate "sprawl" and threaten the Region’s sustainability. To manage this growth, the Province adopted a program of "Smart Growth" and prepared a regional Growth Plan amidst a suite of complementary legislation. Municipalities are now expected to accommodate high levels of growth with an adequate supply of water and the necessary infrastructure to support increased demand. This invites the question of whether growth can be sustained through infrastructure upgrades, or whether absolute hydrologic limits will reshape regional growth. To investigate this, two strands of research are merged, which have traditionally been carried out individually - Smart Growth and "Planning by the Pipe". This paper argues that Ontario should align its growth management strategy with the servicing capacity and lifespan of water and wastewater infrastructure as well as the finances required for their maintenance and expansion. This consideration must not only reflect preferred areas for growth but the region’s hydrological capacity to support the increased demand in these areas.


2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Sylvia Kusumaputri Utami ◽  
Mardiana Mardiana ◽  
Nani Herawati ◽  
Baiq Nurul Hidayah

Soybean is one of the strategic commodities in Indonesia. Demand of soybean continues to increase every year but not followed by adequate supply. In order to increase soybean production, apart from being driven from technical aspects, it is also necessary to pay attention to farmer participation. The aimed of this study were to examine differences in income of the cooperator and non-cooperator farmers during farmer field school (FFS) program and to measure level of technology applied by co-operator farmers in Central Lombok Regency, Indonesia. Numbers of respondents in this study were 26 farmers who were taken by purposive sampling. The research used quantitative method using Benefit Cost (B/C) ratio analysis to calculate the feasibility of farming and scoring analysis to measure the level of technology applied. The results showed that there was a difference in income between co-operator and non-co-operator farmers. The B/C ratios of the two farmer groups indicated that feasibility value were 1.22 and 0.87 for cooperators and non-cooperators, respectively. Those values mean that farming in the FFS program was profitable to implement, while non FFS farming was still feasible but have not provided benefits. The level of technology applied by co-operators was still in the medium category.


2020 ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
GODERDZI SHANIDZE

The development of agribusiness in Georgia is quite promising and realistic. Imereti region is one of the most distinguished regions in Georgia in terms of agricultural production. Imereti region has been involved in the production and sales of agricultural products for a long time (e.g. grapes, tea, cheese, herbs, cucumbers, tomatoes, etc.) that have been widely popular throughout the country. The research has shown that various products produced in Imereti region (especially: cucumbers, tomatoes, herbs, wine, cheese, tea) are quite in demand in the hotel food service, however, there is still no adequate supply of hotels with the products produced in Imereti region.


European View ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Henri Vanhanen

The COVID-19 pandemic struck the world hard in early 2020, and we are still coping with the ramifications of the ongoing crisis. The most acute concerns deal with the gloomy economic impact of the pandemic. However, the crisis has also revealed severe shortcomings in the EU’s approach to the security of supply. Many member states initially found themselves dealing with the crisis alone or lacking essential medical resources. Since the early stages, it has become evident that while security of supply has so far been a matter of national decisions, the EU needs a comprehensive strategy to improve its crisis resilience. Finland has a long tradition of making a coordinated effort to ensure an adequate supply of items needed for emergencies. Thus, the Finnish model could provide the basis for a more inclusive and integrated EU-level security of supply.


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