Mount Etna and the 1971 eruption - Recent trends in the study of Etna

1973 ◽  
Vol 274 (1238) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Axial Region ◽  
Alkali Basalts ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Complex Sequence ◽  
Basaltic Magmas ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Recent Trends

Etna is the most recent and northernmost part of the volcanic province of SE Sicily. It is located north of a fast subsiding recent depression (Catania Plain) in the axial region of an isostatically rising broad anticline trending E-W. This structure has been cut by a belt of regional faults parallel to the coast between Catania and Messina, with an overall seaward downthrow. Mt Etna is composed of different volcanoes which have in part grown side by side and in part one on top of the other: several units of this complex sequence have been recognized, but the geological picture of Etna is far from being complete. Few tholeiites and alkali basalts have been recognized among Etnean lavas, the bulk being alkali andesites (hawaiites l.s.) to latitandesites (mugearites l.s.). Petrological research on Etna can give valuable information about the differentiation processes affecting basaltic magmas in a similar tectonic setting

Mount Etna and the 1971 eruption - The 1971 Etna eruption: petrography of the lavas

1973 ◽  
Vol 274 (1238) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mount Etna ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alkali Basalts ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Titaniferous Magnetite ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Magmatic Reservoir ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basalt Composition ◽  
Almost All

Most petrologists who have worked on Mt Etna have been surprised by the rather uniform character of its lavas (Lacroix 1908; Washington et al. 1926; Di Franco 1930). Except for a slight differentiation from alkali basalts to trachyandesites in the ancient Trifoglietto caldera, almost all the products forming this huge complex edifice have a tephritic basalt composition. They are usually porphyritic, with phenocrysts of calcic plagioclase (zoned from An 85 to An 40), augite, olivine and titaniferous magnetite. All these minerals, except olivine, are present in the groundmass, which also shows notable amounts of cryptocrystalline sanidine (about 10 %) and nepheline (about 5% ), these being determined by X-ray diffraction (Tanguy 1966). This uniformity in the petrochemistry of Mt Etna is interpreted by Rittmann as resulting from the absence of an intermediate magmatic reservoir, in relation with the tectonic history of the volcano (Rittmann 1963, 1973).

Deploying and operating an Absolute Quantum Gravimeter on the summit of Mount Etna volcano

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Carbone ◽  
Laura Antoni-Micollier ◽  
Filippo Greco ◽  
Jean Lautier-Gaud ◽  
Danilo Contrafatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Data ◽  
Volcanic Tremor ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Etna Volcano ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Absolute Gravimetry ◽  
Superconducting Gravimeters ◽  
Mt Etna ◽  
Absolute Quantum

<p>The NEWTON-g project [1] proposes a paradigm shift in terrain gravimetry to overcome the limitations imposed by currently available instrumentation. The project targets the development of an innovative gravity imager and the field-test of the new instrumentation through the deployment at Mount Etna volcano (Italy). The gravity imager consists in an array of MEMS-based relative gravimeters anchored on an Absolute Quantum Gravimeter [2].<br>The Absolute Quantum Gravimeter (AQG) is an industry-grade gravimeter measuring g with laser-cooled atoms [3]. Within the NEWTON-g project, an enhanced version of the AQG (AQGB03) has been developed, which is able to produce high-quality data against strong volcanic tremor at the installation site.<br>After reviewing the key principles of the AQG, we present the deployment of the AQGB03 at the Pizzi Deneri (PDN) Volcanological Observatory (North flank of Mt. Etna; 2800 m elevation; 2.5 km from the summit active craters), which was completed in summer 2020. We then show the demonstrated measurement performances of the AQG, in terms of sensitivity and stability. In particular, we report on a reproducible sensitivity to gravity at a level of 1 μGal, even during intense volcanic activity.<br>We also discuss how the time series acquired by AQGB03 at PDN compares with measurements from superconducting gravimeters already installed at Mount Etna. In particular, the significant  correlation with gravity data collected at sites 5 to 9 km away from PDN proves that effects due to bulk mass sources, likely related to volcanic processes, are predominant over possible local and/or instrumental artifacts.<br>This work demonstrates the feasibility to operate a free-falling quantum gravimeter in the field, both as a transportable turn-key device and as a drift-free monitoring device, able to provide high-quality continuous measurements under harsh environmental conditions. It paves the way to a wider use of absolute gravimetry for geophysical monitoring.</p><p>[1] www.newton-g.com</p><p>[2] D. Carbone et al., “The NEWTON-g Gravity Imager: Toward New Paradigms for Terrain Gravimetry”, Front. Earth Sci. 8:573396 (2020)</p><p>[3] V. Ménoret et al., "Gravity measurements below 10−9 g with a transportable absolute quantum gravimeter", Nature Scientific Reports, vol. 8, 12300 (2018)</p>

Characteristics of the Hailesitai volcanic province, Inner Mongolia, and inferred magma source and tectonic setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 6841-6859
Author(s):  
Min Lin ◽  
Shengyao Yu ◽  
Changqian Ma ◽  
Xilin Zhao ◽  
Yujuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Magma Source ◽  
Volcanic Province

Deep Learning Applications in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 325-345
Author(s):  
Hari Kishan Kondaveeti ◽  
Gonugunta Priyatham Brahma ◽  
Dandhibhotla Vijaya Sahithi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Recent Trends

Deep learning (DL), a part of machine learning (ML), comprises a contemporary technique for processing the images and analyzing the big data with promising outcomes. Deep learning methods are successfully being used in various sectors to gain better results. Agriculture sector is one of the sectors that could be benefitted from the deep learning techniques since the current agriculture techniques cannot keep up with the rapid growth in population. In this chapter, the recent trends in the applications of deep learning techniques in the agricultural sector and the survey of the research efforts that employ deep learning techniques are going to be discussed. Also, the models that are implemented are going to be analyzed and compared with the other existing models.

International Ecumenical Networking and Exchange of Resources in Theological Education: Two Innovative Models from the World Council of Churches

2012 ◽  
Vol 123 (9) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Werner
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Council Of Churches ◽  
Program Coordinator ◽  
International Program ◽  
The World ◽  
World Council ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
International Research Project

International ecumenical networking and the exchange of resources in theological education is an issue for many regions in World Christianity. This article written by the International Program Coordinator of the program on Ecumenical Theological Education (ETE) in the World Council of Churches, Geneva, introduces two innovative projects which contribute to these objectives in distinct ways: one is the global digital library for theology and ecumenism (GlobeTheoLib) which provides access to a great number of full-text resources for its registered individual users and is operating in a multilingual setting. The other project is the global survey on theological education which is an international research project, born out of the Edinburgh 2010 process and the desire to have more exact empirical data on recent trends, needs and challenges for theological education in the churches within and outside the membership of WCC.

U–Pb geochronology of the Moyie sills, Purcell Supergroup, southeastern British Columbia: implications for the Mesoproterozoic geological history of the Purcell (Belt) basin

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1180-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Elizabeth Anderson ◽  
Donald W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Sedimentary Sequence ◽  
Belt Supergroup ◽  
History Of

The Mesoproterozoic Purcell Supergroup (and its equivalent in the United States, the Belt Supergroup) is a thick sedimentary sequence formed in an extensional basin of uncertain age and tectonic setting. The voluminous tholeiitic Moyie sills intrude turbidites of the lower and middle Aldridge Formation, the lowest division of the Purcell Supergroup. Many of the sills were intruded into soft sediment and one intrudes the Sullivan sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) orebody, so their age approximates that of the sediments and the Sullivan deposit. New U–Pb dates of zircon from four sills are older than previously published U–Pb zircon ages. One sill contained concordant zircons with an age of 1468 ± 2 Ma. Near concordant zircons from the other samples have similar 207Pb/206Pb ages, indicating that all of the sills crystallized at the same time. U–Pb dates of titanites from two of these sills yielded concordant dates ranging from 1090 to 1030 Ma, indicating that they have undergone a previously unrecognized Grenville-age metamorphism. The U–Pb systematics of abraded zircons from one sill indicate that they have also been affected by this event. The recognition of Grenville-age metamorphism in the Purcell (Belt) basin suggests that the prevalent 1.0–1.1 Ga Rb–Sr and K–Ar mineral and whole-rock dates from a wide variety of Purcell (Belt) igneous and sedimentary rocks are also metamorphic, and are not ages of sedimentation or "hybrid" dates reflecting partial resetting by the ca. 760 Ma Goat River orogeny. On this basis, all sedimentation in the Purcell (Belt) basin is constrained to be older than 1.1 Ga and is probably older than 1.25 Ga.

Origin and differentiation of recent basaltic magmas from Mount Etna

1996 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Corsaro ◽  
R. Cristofolini
Keyword(s):  
Mount Etna ◽  
Basaltic Magmas
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