The Icenian Crag of southeast Suffolk

1974 ◽  
Vol 269 (895) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Pollen Assemblage ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
Open Coast ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
Mollusc Assemblages ◽  
Deep Boreholes ◽  
Beach Plain

Sections in the Icenian Crag at Chillesford, Aldeburgh, Thorpe Aldringham, Sizewell, Dunwich, Wangford and Southwold are described. Pollen and mollusc assemblages from these sites are tabled. The Icenian Crag is shown to contain a temperate pollen assemblage, resulting from a regional deciduous forest of the time. The assemblage is provisionally correlated with the Pastonian stage of the Middle Pleistocene, as Tsuga is very poorly represented and Abies is absent. The mollusc assemblages are divided into a sublittoral or infralittoral facies, a sheltered estuarine or wadden area facies, an open coast facies and a high-boreal or sub-arctic silty deposit facies, probably infralittoral. The unconformable relation of the Icenian Crag to Red and Coralline Crags at Chillesford and Aldeburgh and to Baventian sediments at Easton Bavents indicates a strong marine transgression over Lower Pleistocene deposits in Pastonian times. The beach plain of the Westleton Beds is included within this transgressive phase. Pollen assemblages from deep boreholes at Sizewell and Southwold show that the transgression deposits overlie Lower Pleistocene sediments correlated with the PreLudhamian, Thurnian and Baventian stages. A correlation is suggested between the Pastonian and the Cromerian III Interglacial of the Netherlands.

Pleistocene Terraces of the Alto Henares (Guadalajara), Spain

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Gladfelter
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Lower Paleolithic ◽  
Lower Pleistocene

A suite of four terraces in the upper Rio Henares drainage system (Rio Tajo basin) now provides a partial geomorphological link between the Middle Pleistocene, Lower Paleolithic archeological sites at Ambrona and Torralba (upper Ebro basin) and those in the vicinity of Madrid. The Campiña and Low Terrace features are shown by radiocarbon dating to be of Holocene and Würm ages, respectively, while the Middle and High Terraces are best designated as being Middle and Lower Pleistocene ages, respectively. Stratigraphic relationships between the upper and lower Rio Henares segments need to be established.

scholarly journals For our world without sound. The opportunistic debitage in the Italian context: a methodological evaluation of the lithic assemblages of Pirro Nord, Cà Belvedere di Montepoggiolo, Ciota Ciara cave and Riparo Tagliente.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Carpentieri ◽  
Marta Arzarello
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Lithic Assemblages ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
Methodological Evaluation

Abstract The opportunistic debitage, originally adapted from Forestier’s S.S.D.A. definition, is characterized by a strong adaptability to local raw material morphology and its physical characteristics and it is oriented towards flake production. Its most ancient evidence is related to the first European peopling by Homo sp. during Lower Pleistocene starting from 1.6 Ma and gradually increasing around 1 Ma. In these sites a great heterogeneity of the reduction sequences and raw materials employed is highlighted, bringing to the identification of multiple technical behaviours. However, the scientific community does not always agree on associating the concepts of opportunism and method to describe these lithic complexes. The same methodological issues remain for the Middle Pleistocene where, simultaneously to an increase of the archaeological evidence and the persistence of the opportunistic debitage, the first bifacial complexes are attested. Further implications concerning the increasing complexity highlighted in core technology management are now at the centre of an important debate regarding the genesis of more specialized method (Levallois and Discoid) especially during MIS 12 and MIS 9. We suggest that the opportunistic debitage could be the starting point for this process, carrying within itself a great methodological and cultural potential.

Unravelling basin shoulder dynamics through detrital apatite fission-track signature: the case of the Quaternary Mugello Basin, Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 1413-1426
Author(s):  
MARIA LAURA BALESTRIERI ◽  
MARCO BENVENUTI ◽  
RITA CATANZARITI
Keyword(s):  
Fission Track ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Northern Apennines ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Apatite Fission Track ◽  
Fan Delta ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
Intermontane Basins ◽  
Delta Sediments

AbstractDetrital apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology has been applied to lower Pleistocene lacustrine fan-delta sediments of the NE shoulder of the Mugello Basin, the youngest and closest to the main watershed among the Northern Apennines intermontane basins. The aim was to decode the shoulder uplift dynamics during the development of the basin through the analysis of the Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine deposits. Bedrock shoulder analysis, performed to match the detrital AFT data with their source, revealed the presence of a unexpected only partially annealed portion of a turbidite foredeep unit (AFT ages >7–5 Ma) belonging to the structural complex that constitutes the shoulder bedrock. These data disagree with the AFT age distribution pattern of the well-studied Northern Apennines chain, suggesting a segmentation of the foredeep basin. The latter may have been related to the presence of a tectonically induced topographic high (pre-late Langhian) in the area limiting the thickness of the overriding Ligurian lid. On the other hand, detrital AFT data provided arguments for understanding the dynamics of Mugello Basin shoulder uplift and rotation. The proportion in the different stratigraphic units of the fan-delta sediments of single grains showing young (reset) and old (non-reset) ages points to late Early Pleistocene timing of the development of the SW-verging backthrust that characterizes the study area. These data confirm and detail the picture of an early Quaternary development of the Mugello Basin under a compressional setting, only later (middle Pleistocene to present) superimposed by normal faultings.

The Hoxnian Interglacial deposits at Woodston, Peterborough

1992 ◽  
Vol 338 (1284) ◽  
pp. 131-164 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Estuarine Environment ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
South Side ◽  
Broad Agreement ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
The Individual

Interglacial deposits on the south side of Peterborough have yielded a diverse flora and fauna which lived in an estuarine environment that was affected by marine transgression and regression. Fossils described from six sequences indicate that the deposits accumulated under fully temperate conditions. The Woodston Beds have a diversity of fossils (pollen, plant macrofossils, molluscs, ostracods, insects and mammals) which allows their palaeoecological relationships to be examined, and compared with those of other sites of similar age. The environmental reconstructions based on the individual taxa, although emphasising differing facets of the habitat, are in broad agreement. Some slight discrepancies arise from the assumption that the organisms are characteristic of the sedimentary environment in which they are found. In fact many of the fossils have been transported to the site of deposition from nearby habitats. Evidence of a closed canopy forest with associated land environments, is provided by the plant remains and the land molluscs, and to a lesser extent by the insects and the mammals. A large, slow- flowing river, with adjacent marsh and meadow areas is also suggested by the taxa of molluscs, ostracods and insects present. Molluscs and ostracods show clearly the presence of marine influences between 11 and 14 m Ordnance Datum . The climate under which the Woodston Beds were deposited was slightly warmer than the present. An age in the Hoxnian Interglacial of the Middle Pleistocene is proposed.

scholarly journals Study on the relationship between total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) of the aquifers in Ca Mau province

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Trinh Hoai Thu ◽  
Tran Thi Thuy Huong ◽  
Dang Tran Trung
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Small Deviation ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Pleistocene Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regression Correlation

This article has established a set of empirical equations to describe the relationship between bulk resistivity and TDS of the Upper-Middle Pleistocene aquifer (qp2-3) and Lower Pleistocene aquifer (qp1) of the for field survey in 2017 in Ca Mau province. This article has determined the content of TDS based on EC (TDSEC) and established correlation regression equation between TDSLAB and TDS is based on the EC of the qp2-3 aquifer: Y = 0.549X – 0.081  with R2 = 0.975 and Standard Error (SE) = 0.1591. The qp1 aquifer: Y = 0.4669X + 0.0483 with R2 = 0.9869, Standard Error (SE) = 0.0949. Based on these regression correlation equations, we found a high correlation coefficient and small deviation between TDSLAB and TDSEC. Therefore, the determination of TDS content through the EC has reduced the cost of groundwater samples of the aquifers of laboratory analysis in Ca Mau province.

scholarly journals Hypolagus brachygnathus (Lagomorpha, Leporidae) from the Lower Pleistocene of the Taurida Cave in Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-646
Author(s):  
A. V. Lopatin
Keyword(s):  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
Central Crimea

The remains of Leporidae from the Lower Pleistocene deposits of the Taurida karstic cave discovered in 2018 in the central Crimea (Belogorsk district, Zuya village) are referred to Hypolagus brachygnathus (Kormos, 1930). This species is characteristic of the interval from the beginning of the Pleistocene (Late Villainian, MN17) to the Middle Pleistocene (latest Biharian, Q2) of Europe. It has not been previously observed in Crimea.

scholarly journals As unidades pliocénicas e quaternárias no espaço do Baixo Mondego (uma perspectiva de ordem)

1999 ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Ferreira Soares
Keyword(s):  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Quaternary Deposits ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
Espirito Santo

Pliocene and Quaternary Units in the Lower Mondego (Portugal) — The analysis of the relations betweenthe quaternary deposits in the Baixo Mondego, as well as their individualisation from others considered asPliocene, still suffer from insufficient reference marks necessary to guarantee equivalencies. The limitis now considered to be in the concert of the Cruz de Morouços Complex, where the Antanhol Formation(= Barracão Group, Upper Pliocene) and the Espírito Santo Conglomerate, equivalent to the GordosConglomerate (Lower Pleistocene), succeed to each other. From the Pleistocene assemblage andbeside the deposits directly associated to the evolution of Mondego (Ameal-Santo Varão and Tentugal-Gabrielos deposits), the deposits revealing upper littoral environments stand out, as the ArazedeSandstone, the Quiaios Sandstone, others deposits directly related with the Cabo Mondego morphogenesis,the Farol Deposits, fossiliferous and possibly from the Lower to Middle Pleistocene and theMurtinheira Deposits from the Upper Pleistocene. In turn the Condeixa Tuffs, with an accommodationspace of 24 Km2 , show an ordered succession of facies (Conglomerates — Cg; yellow mud — Pa, tuffs— Ta and Tc; grey mud with Lymnea — Pc) and an extended age from the Pleistocene (with Elephasantiquus and Hippopotamus incognitus in the base) possibly around the 400 Ka, to the Holocene (faciesPc with roman archaeological remains).

scholarly journals The modern pollen–vegetation relationship in Jammu, India: a comparative appraisal

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Md. Firoze Quamar ◽  
Pooja Tiwari ◽  
Biswajeet Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Pollen Assemblage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
High Production ◽  
Pollen Records

An understanding of the relationship between modern pollen and vegetation is a prerequisite for reconstruction of vegetation and climate change from fossil pollen records. We conducted palynological studies of thirty-five surface soil samples from the Jammu region of India, which revealed that Pinus, among the conifers (regional needle-leaved taxa), is over-represented in the pollen assemblage due to its high production and effective dispersal of pollen. Other coniferous and broadleaved (regional and/or extra-regional) taxa have comparatively lower values in the pollen assemblages, similar to the representation of subtropical deciduous forest elements (regional), as well as shrubby (regional and/or extra-regional) taxa. This inconsistency in the pollen assemblage could be due to long-distance transport of the former by wind and/or water from the higher reaches of the Himalayas, and also because the latter have an entomogamous pollination syndrome and are not high pollen producers. The recovered pollen assemblage presents a distorted picture of the extant vegetation; hence, caution should be exercised in interpreting fossil pollen records from the study area. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows variability in the distribution of pollen from different sites in the Jammu region, perhaps the result of transport (by wind and/ or water), altitude and/or edaphic factors of the Himalayan terrain. The study should improve our understanding of the modern pollen-vegetation relationship and aid further calibration and interpretation of fossil pollen records.

scholarly journals Geomorphological Map and Quaternary Landscape Evolution of the Monfragüe Park (Cáceres, Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10099
Author(s):  
José Luis Goy ◽  
Raquel Cruz ◽  
Antonio Martínez-Graña ◽  
Virginia Valdés ◽  
Mariano Yenes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Great Activity ◽  
The South ◽  
Fluvial Terraces ◽  
The North ◽  
Tagus River ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
Geomorphological Map ◽  
The Town ◽  
Fluvial Network

From the geomorphological cartography, the geometric and spatial distribution of the quaternary forms and deposits are analyzed, with special relevance to the fluvial terraces that allow obtaining the chronology of the successive landscape changes of the course of the Tagus River attributed to the activity of the Fault of Alentejo-Plasencia (APF). The “Appalachian” relief of Monfragüe National Park, constituting a series of quartzitic combs with direction NW, between which they find slopes, hills and valleys following the same direction, for the dismantlement of the Cenozoic cover that was covering the substratum (still present in the central sector) and encasement of the Rivers Tagus and Tiétar. The remains of fluvial terraces inside and outside the Park stand out at different heights and so they originate from different times and show different landscapes along the routes of the Tagus river and its movement over time. In the north end (basin of the Campo Arañuelo), there are remains of ten fluvial terraces of relative importance attributed to the River Tagus (with heights relative to the thalweg between 120 and 20 m). In the south edge, there are eight levels attributed to a former fluvial drainage network, which assimilates to the River Tagus, with the more recent level reaching over 280 m on the current river. Neotectonics readjustments that rejuvenated the relief produced the elevation of the socle and cover, at the time of diversions in the path of the fluvial network, up to the structure and encasement (for supertax and/or antecedence). During the Quaternary, the activity of the Alentejo-Plasencia Fault (APF) has given rise to palaeogeographic changes in the fluvial valley of the Tagus River. During the ancient Lower Pleistocene, its course passed south of the current one (Talaván-Torrejón el Rubio basin); at the end of the Lower Pleistocene, it came out crossing the syncline through the Boquerón porthole, and the meander that bordered the town of Almaraz was abandoned; at the beginning of the Middle Pleistocene, it changes its direction, from NE–SW to SE–NW, leaving the porthole and joining the Tiétar river within the Park; later it moves somewhat to the south. These changes in the route and the anomalous fitting of the course of the Tagus River into the Paleozoic substrate, have been attributed to the APF, which, through impulses, has had a great activity from the Lower Pleistocene to the Middle Pleistocene.

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