The carbon isotopic composition of individual fatty acids as indicators of dietary history in arctic foxes on Svalbard

1995 ◽  
Vol 349 (1328) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Arctic Foxes ◽  
Wide Range

We have measured the carbon isotopic compositions of individual fatty acids isolated from the adipose tissue of arctic foxes ( Alopex lagopus ) from the island of Svalbard on the Spitsbergen archipelago to examine whether dietary sources can be distinguished in the fatty acid isotopic signature. The diets of Svalbard arctic foxes are unusual in that some members of the population are believed to feed largely in the terrestrial food chain while others feed mainly from the marine food chain. Isotopic data were obtained for the five major fatty acids present (16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, and 20:1). A wide range in δ13C values for specific fatty acids in Arctic foxes is observed and the mixing lines produced by the correlation in δ13C of the 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids indicate that both marine and terrestrial dietary sources determine fatty acid isotope composition. The differences in δ13C values between marine and terrestrial organisms appear to be passed on to individual fatty acids. The abundance and isotopic composition of 16:1 indicates that the foxes derive this acid from marine sources, whereas, 16:0 and 18:0 appear to have predominantly terrestrial sources.

Chemical and carbon isotopic composition of fatty acids in adipose tissue as indicators of dietary history in wild arctic foxes (A lopex lagopus) on Svalbard

1995 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Pond ◽  
Christine A. Mattacks ◽  
I. Gilmour ◽  
M. A. Johnston ◽  
C. T. Pillinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Arctic Foxes

scholarly journals Carbon isotopic composition of branched tetraether membrane lipids in soils suggest a rapid turnover and a heterotrophic life style of their source organism(s)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2959-2973 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. H. Weijers ◽  
G. L. B. Wiesenberg ◽  
R. Bol ◽  
E. C. Hopmans ◽  
R. D. Pancost
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

Abstract. Branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (GDGTs) are membrane spanning lipids synthesised by as yet unknown bacteria that thrive in soils and peat. In order to obtain more information on their ecological niche, the stable carbon isotopic composition of branched GDGT-derived alkanes, obtained upon ether bond cleavage, has been determined in a peat and various soils, i.e. forest, grassland and cropland, covered by various vegetation types, i.e., C3- vs. C4-plant type. These δ13C values are compared with those of bulk organic matter and higher plant derived n-alkanes from the same soils. With average δ13C values of −28‰, branched GDGTs in C3 soils are only slightly depleted (ca. 1‰) relative to bulk organic carbon and on average 8.5‰ enriched relative to plant wax-derived long-chain n-alkanes ( nC29–nC33). In an Australian soil dominantly covered with C4 type vegetation, the branched GDGTs have a δ13C value of −18‰, clearly higher than observed in soils with C3 type vegetation. As with C3 vegetated soils, branched GDGT δ13C values are slightly depleted (1‰) relative to bulk organic carbon and enriched (ca. 5‰) relative to n-alkanes in this soil. The δ13C values of branched GDGT lipids being similar to bulk organic carbon and their co-variation with those of bulk organic carbon and plant waxes, suggest a heterotrophic life style and assimilation of relatively heavy and likely labile substrates for the as yet unknown soil bacteria that synthesise the branched GDGT lipids. However, a chemoautotrophic lifestyle, i.e. consuming respired CO2, could not be fully excluded based on these data alone. Based on a natural labelling experiment of a C3/C4 crop change introduced on one of the soils 23 years before sampling and based on a free-air CO2 enrichment experiment with labelled CO2 on another soil, a turnover time of ca. 18 years has been estimated for branched GDGTs in these arable soils.

scholarly journals Carbon isotopic composition of branched tetraether membrane lipids in soils suggest a rapid turnover and a heterotrophic life style of their source organism(s)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 3691-3734 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. H. Weijers ◽  
G. L. B. Wiesenberg ◽  
R. Bol ◽  
E. C. Hopmans ◽  
R. D. Pancost
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

Abstract. Branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (GDGTs) are membrane spanning lipids synthesised by as yet unknown bacteria that thrive in soils and peat. In order to obtain more information on their ecological niche, the stable carbon isotopic composition of branched GDGT-derived alkanes, obtained upon ether bond cleavage, has been determined in various soils, i.e. peat, forest, grassland and cropland, covered by various vegetation types, i.e., C3- vs. C4-plant type. These δ13C values are compared with those of bulk organic matter and higher plant derived n-alkanes from the same soils. With average δ13C values of −28‰, branched GDGTs in C3 soils are only slightly depleted (ca. 1‰) relative to bulk organic carbon and on average 8.5‰ enriched relative to plant wax-derived long-chain n-alkanes (nC29–nC33). In an Australian soil covered with C4 type vegetation, the branched GDGTs have a δ13C value of −18‰, clearly higher than observed in soils with C3 type vegetation. As with C3 vegetated soils, branched GDGT δ13C values are slightly depleted (1‰) relative to bulk organic carbon and enriched (ca. 5‰) relative to n-alkanes in this soil. The δ13C values of branched GDGT lipids being similar to bulk organic carbon and their co-variation with those of bulk organic carbon and plant waxes, suggest a heterotrophic life style and assimilation of relatively heavy and likely labile substrates for the as yet unknown soil bacteria that synthesise the branched GDGT lipids. However, a chemoautotrophic lifestyle, i.e. consuming respired CO2, could not be fully excluded based on these data alone. Based on a natural labelling experiment of a C3/C4 crop change introduced on one of the soils 23 years before sampling and based on a free air CO2 enrichment experiment with labelled CO2 on another soil, a turnover time of ca. 17 years has been estimated for branched GDGTs in these arable soils.

Microdiamonds from the Zeleny Yar Neogene Placer (the Ros'-Tikych Megablock of the Ukrainian Shield)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
V.M. KVASNYTSYA
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Ukrainian Shield ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
Cubic Form ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Parent Rocks

We studied a collection of microdiamonds from the Zeleny Yar Neogene placer on the Ros’-Tikych megablock of the Ukrainian Shield, which consists of 102 microdiamonds, with crystal sizes 0.2-0.5 mm, using crystal morphology, photoluminescence, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, isotopic composition of carbon and helium of microdiamonds. Crystal forms are dominantly octahedra, others are cubes, combinational crystals {111}+{110}+{100}, cube-octahedra, and transitional forms {111}+{110}; rhombic dodecahedrons are rare. Many microdiamonds are damaged crystals and their fragments. Up to 20% of the studied microdiamonds are yellow, green, pink-purple, brown, gray, and black. The most colored crystals are among the cubes. Up to 70% of the studied microdiamonds are blue, green, yellow and orange in ultraviolet light. Many of the microdiamonds, especially cubes and crystals of the combinational form {111}+{110}+{100}, have an orange photoluminescence (center at 575 nm). 50% of the crystals are nitrogen-free crystals of type IIa. Nitrogen crystals of type Ia amount to 45% (among them 29 % of subtype IaA, 11% of subtype IaAB and 5% of subtype Iab) and 5% of type Ib. The content of nitrogen ranges from 57 to 612 at. ppm with an average nitrogen content of 224 at. ppm. The centers B2 (lines 1358-1380 cm–1) and hydrogen centers (3107 cm–1, 1405 cm–1) were recorded in IR spectra of some microdiamonds. The Raman line ranges from 1331.25 cm–1 to 1331.75 cm–1 with FWHM from 2.04 cm–1 to 4.47 cm–1. The carbon isotopic composition of microdiamonds shows a very wide range from –26.74 to –3.55‰ δ13C PDB. The content of helium isotopes for the studied crystal is 73.42 × 10–12 cm3/g of 3He and 0.265 × 10–6 cm3/g of 4He. Given the wide range of values of the isotopic composition of carbon δ13C, relatively high nitrogen content and cubic form of many crystals, it is possible to predict the eclogite association as the mantle crystallization medium of the Zeleny Yar microdiamonds. The location of the parent rocks of the microdiamonds is assumed to be the Berdychiv uplift of the Podolia block of the Ukrainian Shield.

scholarly journals Isotope-geochemical characteristics of Wenlock carbonate and terrigenous-carbonate deposits of the Subpolar Urals and the southern part of the Chernyshev ridge

LITOSFERA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-848
Author(s):  
D. N. Shebolkin
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Subpolar Urals ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Carbonate Carbon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chernyshev Ridge ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic

Research subject. Wenlock deposits in the Subpolar Urals and southern part of the Chernyshev Ridge. Materials and methods. Carbonate and terrigenous-carbonate rock samples from sections of the Subpolar Urals (outcrops 212, 217) and the southern part of the Chernyshev Ridge (outcrop 479) were studied by isotope analysis of carbonate carbon and oxygen.Results. The isotopic composition of the studied sections varies across a wide range of δ13С (–6.4…–0.05‰) and δ18O (20.0–26.9‰). Therefore, three time intervals characterized by distinctive isotopic characteristics can be distinguished, roughly corresponding to early Sheinwoodian (I), late Sheinwoodian (II) and Homerian (III). Interval I is characterized exclusively by the rocks of outcrop 479 with δ13С (–3.6…–3.0‰) and δ18O (22.4–23.6‰). In Interval II, the average values of isotopic characteristics of outcrop 479 indicate a tendency to weighting carbon (–5.5…–3.5‰) and somewhat heavier oxygen (23.2–25.2‰) isotopes. In outcrop 212, the average isotopic values for carbon and oxygen vary from –2.9 to –1.3‰ and from 21.9 to 24.3‰, respectively. In outcrop 217, the average values are δ13C (–1.8…–0.8‰) and δ18O (22.4–25.4‰). In Interval III, the average values of carbon isotopic composition in outcrop 479 are becoming heavier from –2.5 to –0.7‰. In outcrop 212, the isotopic values of oxygen (21.9–23.1‰) and carbon (–4.9…–2.5‰) tend to become weighting; however, in outcrop 217, the average isotopic values of δ13C (–1.9…–0.5‰) and δ18O (22.3–24.5‰) remain constant. The conducted litho-facial studies showed that the weighting carbon isotopic composition ranging from –6.4…to –3.0‰ is associated with an increase in microbial activity in sediments, the manifestation of vadose-phreatic conditions, and the intake of light carbon dioxide with a flow of terrigenous material from the earth. In the latter case, oxygen isotopic values are also the most lightweight (20.0–23.0‰).Conclusions. The obtained isotopic characteristics of the Wenlock rocks under study indicate the expedience of identifying three time intervals and their correlation with paleogeographic reconstructions of Wenlockian sedimentation in the Timan-northern Ural region.

scholarly journals Factors controlling shell carbon isotopic composition of land snail <i>Acusta despecta sieboldiana</i> estimated from lab culturing experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 6555-6590 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zhang ◽  
K. Yamada ◽  
N. Suzuki ◽  
N. Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
C3 Plant ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Shell Carbonate

Abstract. The carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of land snail shell carbonate derives from three potential sources: diet, atmospheric CO2, and ingested carbonate (limestone). However, their relative contributions remain unclear. Under various environmental conditions, we cultured one land snail species, Acusta despecta sieboldiana collected from Yokohama, Japan, and confirmed that all of these sources affect shell carbonate δ13C values. Herein, we consider the influences of metabolic rates and temperature on the carbon isotopic composition of the shell carbonate. Based on previous works and on results obtained in this study, a simple but credible framework is presented for discussion of how each source and environmental parameter can affect shell carbonate δ13C values. According to this framework and some reasonable assumptions, we have estimated the contributions of different carbon sources for each snail individual: for cabbage (C3 plant) fed groups, the contributions of diet, atmospheric CO2 and ingested limestone respectively vary as 66–80%, 16–24%, and 0–13%. For corn (C4 plant) fed groups, because of the possible food stress (lower consumption ability of C4 plant), the values vary respectively as 56–64%, 18–20%, and 16–26%. Moreover, we present new evidence that snails have discrimination to choose C3 and C4 plants as food. Therefore, we suggest that food preferences must be considered adequately when applying δ13C in paleo-environment studies. Finally, we inferred that, during egg laying and hatching of our cultured snails, carbon isotope fractionation is controlled only by the isotopic exchange of the calcite–HCO3−–aragonite equilibrium.

scholarly journals Factors controlling shell carbon isotopic composition of land snail <i>Acusta despecta sieboldiana</i> estimated from laboratory culturing experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5335-5348 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zhang ◽  
K. Yamada ◽  
N. Suzuki ◽  
N. Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
C3 Plant ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Shell Carbonate

Abstract. The carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of land snail shell carbonate derives from three potential sources: diet, atmospheric CO2, and ingested carbonate (limestone). However, their relative contributions remain unclear. Under various environmental conditions, we cultured one land snail subspecies, Acusta despecta sieboldiana, collected from Yokohama, Japan, and confirmed that all of these sources affect shell carbonate δ13C values. Herein, we consider the influences of metabolic rates and temperature on the carbon isotopic composition of the shell carbonate. Based on results obtained from previous works and this study, a simple but credible framework is presented to illustrate how each source and environmental parameter affects shell carbonate δ13C values. According to this framework and some reasonable assumptions, we estimated the contributions of different carbon sources for each snail individual: for cabbage-fed (C3 plant) groups, the contributions of diet, atmospheric CO2, and ingested limestone vary in the ranges of 66–80, 16–24, and 0–13%, respectively. For corn-fed (C4 plant) groups, because of the possible food stress (less ability to consume C4 plants), the values vary in the ranges of 56–64, 18–20, and 16–26%, respectively. Moreover, according to the literature and our observations, the subspecies we cultured in this study show preferences towards different plant species for food. Therefore, we suggest that the potential food preference should be considered adequately for some species in paleoenvironment studies. Finally, we inferred that only the isotopic exchange of the calcite-HCO3−-aragonite equilibrium during egg laying and hatching of our cultured snails controls carbon isotope fractionation.

scholarly journals Source forensics of n-alkanes and n-fatty acids in urban aerosols using compound specific radiocarbon/stable carbon isotopic composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 074007
Author(s):  
Lujie Ren ◽  
Yiyun Wang ◽  
Kimitaka Kawamura ◽  
Srinivas Bikkina ◽  
Negar Haghipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Urban Aerosols ◽  
Carbon Isotopic

scholarly journals Stable Carbon Isotopes of Phytoplankton as a Tool to Monitor Anthropogenic CO2 Submarine Leakages

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Federica Relitti ◽  
Nives Ogrinc ◽  
Michele Giani ◽  
Federica Cerino ◽  
Mirta Smodlaka Smodlaka Tankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Isotopic Composition ◽  
Stable Carbon ◽  
Carbonate System ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Carbon Isotopic ◽  
Anthropogenic Co2

This study aims to validate the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of phytoplankton as a tool for detecting submarine leakages of anthropogenic CO2(g), since it is characterised by δ13C values significantly lower than the natural CO2 dissolved in oceans. Three culture experiments were carried out to investigate the changes in δ13C of the diatom Thalassiosira rotula during growth in an artificially modified medium (ASW). Three different dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations were tested to verify if carbon availability affects phytoplankton δ13C. Simultaneously, at each experiment, T. rotula was cultured under natural DIC isotopic composition (δ13CDIC) and carbonate system conditions. The available DIC pool for diatoms grown in ASW was characterised by δ13CDIC values (−44.2 ± 0.9‰) significantly lower than the typical marine range. Through photosynthetic DIC uptake, microalgae δ13C rapidly changed, reaching significantly low values (until −43.4‰). Moreover, the different DIC concentrations did not affect the diatom δ13C, exhibiting the same trend in δ13C values in the three ASW experiments. The experiments prove that phytoplankton isotopic composition quickly responds to changes in the δ13C of the medium, making this approach a promising and low-impact tool for detecting CO2(g) submarine leakages from CO2(g) deposits.

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