scholarly journals A comparative study on the tubes and feeding behaviour of eight species of corophioid Amphipoda and their bearing on phylogenetic relationships within the Corophioidea

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1349) ◽  
pp. 93-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. T. Dixon ◽  
P. G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group A ◽  
External Water ◽  
Group B ◽  
Tube Structure ◽  
Main Entrance

Observations are presented on mouthpart functional morphology, and on feeding, grooming and defaecatory behaviour of eight species of corophioid Amphipoda, viz. Corophium bonnellii , Lembos websteri , Aora gracilis , A. spinicornis , Gammaropsis nitida , Ericthonius punctatus , Jassa falcata and J. marmorata . These data are considered in relation to tube structure and amphipod posture in relation to the tube. All these species occupy double-ended cylindreical tubes made from ‘amphipod silk’ secreted by the third and fourth preraeopods, incorporating sediment and other debris to varying degrees. Uniquely among this set of species, however, E. punctatus has a tube that is architecturally distinct. It tapers along its length and has a distinctive oblique main entrance at its widest end. This end is used preferentially. The other species studied use either opening with equal facility. Such a feature is adaptive in facilitating deployment of the antennae and shielding the head of E. punctatus . Two groupings of species are propose: group A which feed inside their tube using pleopod-induced through-tube currents, and group B which feed outside or at the entrance to their tube using external water currents. Group A includes C. bonnellii , L. websteri and the Aora species. Group B includes E. punctatus and the Jassa species. Gammaropsis nitida exhibits traits from both groups, adding weight to its perceived status as a genus representative of the stem corophioid. The ischyrocerid habit of externalizing food-gathering may be regarded as the first step along an evolutionary line leading to the rod-building podocerid types and ultimately towards the caprellids. All species examined show a degree of flexibility in their feeding habits which helps to explain the success of this taxon, which has radiated into a great diversity of aquatic biotopes.

Numerical taxonomy of certain genera of Fungi Imperfecti and Ascomycotina

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (17) ◽  
pp. 2031-2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Dabinett ◽  
Angela M. Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Taxonomy ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Type Group ◽  
Ordination Techniques ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Group D ◽  
Fungi Imperfecti

Various clustering and ordination techniques are used on data collected from 88 cultures of Fungi Imperfecti and imperfect states of Ascomycotina to produce classifications. The data consist of 98 characters representing the morphology, conidium ontogeny, and physiology of the cultures. Although 23 genera are represented, emphasis is placed on Graphium sensu lato and Ceratocystis to which half the cultures belong. Seven groups which cluster consistently in all the techniques used are recognized, groups A to G. Group A contains species which have the annellidic type of conidiation, namely Trichurus. Scopulariopsis, Doratomyces, and Microascus. Group B contains the phialidic Chalara-type Ceratocystis species. Group C is characterized by the sympodial type of conidiation of the Sporothrix type and contains species from Petriella and Sporocybe. Group D contains an assortment of species which display the typical phialidic conidiogeny. Group E contains species from Ceratocystis and Graphium sensu lato which have holoblastic conidia with conidiogenous cells of the ramoconidium type. Group F is a loose cluster of species characterized by sympodial conidiation and contains species from Graphium sensu lato, Ceratocystis, and Verticicladiella. Group G contains species of Periconia which produce large conidia polyblastically. This numerical classification provides new evidence to support the classifications based on conidium ontogeny.

The biology of Cucumaria elongata (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Fish
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Slow Growing

A population of Cucumaria elongata (Düb & Kor.), found in muddy sand off the Northumberland coast, has been sampled from 1961 to 1964. Densities of more than 20 per m were common.Cucumaria is a suspension feeder, and uses its tentacles to trap suspended paniculate matter. In the absence of mucous glands or cilia on the tentacles, suspended matter is held fast in a covering of mucus which is produced by glands in the pharynx and oesophagus. Each time the tentacles are introduced into the pharangeal lumen in the course of feeding, they pick up a fresh complement of mucus.The feeding behaviour is seasonal. During the early part of October the animals stop feeding, and remain dormant until late April/early May of the following year.The results of monthly experiments to determine the oxygen consumption, percentage of total lipid and the volume/dry-weight ratio, have led to the conclusion that during the winter months Cucumaria hibernates.The effect of temperature on the feeding behaviour is discussed.Regular quantitative sampling has shown that Cucumaria is slow growing, and over the area surveyed, four different age-groups were found. These have been designated groups I, A, B and C. Group I was estimated to be 2 years old; group A, 6 six years; group B, 8 years; and group C, 10 years old.Although active sperm and apparently mature eggs were found in specimens collected as far back as 1962, there is no evidence to suggest that any of the age-groups has reproduced.

scholarly journals Morphine Plus Bupivacaine Vs. Morphine Peridural Analgesia in Abdominal Surgery: The Effects on Postoperative Course in Major Hepatobiliary Surgery

HPB Surgery ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Barzoi ◽  
S. Carluccio ◽  
B. Bianchi ◽  
S. Vassia ◽  
G. Colucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasm ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Early Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Postoperative Course ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Anaesthesia and surgical procedures lead to a reduction of intestinal motility, and opioids may produce a postoperative ileus, that might delay postoperative feeding. The aim of this prospective randomised study is to test whether or not different kinds of epidural analgesia (Group A: morphine 0.00 17 mg/kg/h and bupivacaine 0.125% – 0.058 mg/kg/h; Group B: morphine alone 0.035mg/kg/12h in the postoperative period) allow earlier postoperative enteral feeding, enhance intestinal motility a passage of flatus and help avoid complications, such as nausea, vomiting, ileus, diarrhoea, pneumonia or other infective diseases. We included in the study 60 patients (28 males and 32 females) with a mean age of 61.2 years (range 50–70) and with an ASA score of 2 or 3. All patients had hepato–biliary-pancreatic neoplasm and were candidates for major surgery. We compared two different pharmacological approaches, i.e., morphine plus bupivacaine (30 patients, Group A)versus morphine alone (30 patients, Group B). Each medication was administered by means of a thoracic epidural catheter for the control of postoperative pain. In the postoperative course we recorded every 6 hours peristaltic activity. We also noted morbidity (pneumonia, wound sepsis) and mortality. Effective peristalsis was present in all patients in Group A within the first six postoperative hours; in Group B, after 30 hours. Six patients in Group A had bowel motions in the first postoperative day, 11 in the second day, 10 in the third day and 3 in fourth day, while in Group B none in the first day, two in the second, 7 in the third, 15 in the fourth, and 6 in the fifth: the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05 in 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th days). Pneumonia occurred in 2 patients of Group A, and in 10 of Group B (P<0.05).We conclude that epidural analgesia with morphine plus bupivacaine allowed a move rapid return to normal gut activity and early enteral nutrition compared with epidural analgesia with morphine alone.

scholarly journals FIBRE HETEROGENEITY IN THE CLOSER AND OPENER MUSCLES OF CRAYFISH WALKING LEGS

1993 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gunzel ◽  
S. Galler ◽  
W. Rathmayer
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Astacus Leptodactylus ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Excitatory Junction Potentials ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Common ◽  
Group B

1. The closer and opener muscles in the third walking legs of the three crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, Procambarus clarkii and Astacus leptodactylus are composed of fibres which differ in histochemistry, electrophysiology and morphology. Three major groups of fibres (A, B and C) were distinguished. 2. Group A fibres react weakly to histochemical stains for myofibrillar ATPase (mATPase) activity characteristic of fibres with slow shortening speeds. In the opener muscle, they are innervated by the opener excitor (OE) and the specific opener inhibitor (OI). In the closer muscle, group A fibres are innervated by the common inhibitory neurone (CI) in addition to single (slow closer excitor, SCE) or double excitatory (SCE and fast closer excitor, FCE) innervation. Group A fibres have the largest excitatory junction potentials (EJPs), the longest membrane time constants (tau) and the longest sarcomeres. They are located at the very distal and proximal ends of both muscles. 3. Group B fibres show higher mATPase activity than group A fibres. In the opener muscle, they are innervated by OE and OI; in the closer muscle, they receive double excitatory (SCE and FCE) and CI innervation. Single SCE and OE EJPs are small; those caused by FCE are larger. tau is shorter than in the other two fibre groups. Sarcomere lengths lie between those of group A and C fibres. Group B fibres are found along the entire lengths of both muscles. 4. Group C fibres exhibit the highest mATPase activity (characteristic of fibres with fast shortening velocity) which, in contrast to the ATPase of group B fibres, is not resistant to alkaline preincubation at pH 10.05. In the closer, these fibres lack innervation by CI, otherwise the innervation pattern is identical to that of group B fibres. EJP size is similar to that of group B fibres; tau ranges between values for group A and B fibres. Sarcomere lengths are the shortest of all the fibre types. Group C fibres constitute the majority of the fibres in the two muscles and mainly occupy the central regions.

scholarly journals Analysis of surgical treatment of duodenal ulcers with multiple combined complications

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Pavlo Ivanchev ◽  
Maxim Bilyachenko ◽  
Anton Kurbanov ◽  
Oleksii Lissov
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Duodenal Ulcers ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Surgical Tactics ◽  
Group B

The aim of the research. Analysis of results and development of surgical tactics for the treatment of DU with multiple combined complications. Materials and methods. The results of the analysis of surgical treatment of duodenal ulcers with multiple combined complications (3 and 4 combined complications) for 3 periods are presented: 1st (1983–1995) (group A) – 77 patients, 2nd (2000–2007) years (group B) – 30 patients and 3rd (2008–2020) (group C) – 46 patients. Results. 153 patients (100 %) underwent surgery for complicated duodenal ulcer (DU), of which 130 patients (84.9 %) had a combination of three complications and 23 (15.1 %) had four complications. Bleeding complications were noted in 139 of 153 patients, accounting for 90.8 %, and ulcer perforation in 69 patients, accounting for 45.1 % of all other complications. Based on the obtained data of the analysis, there is a steady tendency to increase the proportion of organ-preserving operations (OPO) by 1.5 times (from 50.7 % to 76.2 %), reducing the number of gastrectomy (GR) by 3 times (from 14.5 % to 4.8 %) and palliative operations (PAL) 3.3 times (from 15.8 % to 4.8 %) with a relatively stable number of performed organ-saving operations (OSO): in group A – 17 (24.6 %) interventions, in group B – 4 (21.1 %), group C – 6 (14.3 %). Conclusions. The use of modern measures of endoscopic hemostasis allowed to operate on patients in the delayed period, and their share from the second period to the third increased 2.8 times. The number of patients who underwent emergency surgery with perforation of the ulcer as one of the complications decreased in the third period compared to the second by 2.6 times, due to the widespread use of PPIs in the conservative treatment of DU. According to the results of the analysis it became known that the chosen active-individualized tactics and developed algorithms for choosing the type of surgery allowed to achieve a stable level of postoperative mortality at 8.3 %.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oral Misoprostol with Intramuscular Oxytocin in the Active Management of Third Stage of Labour

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
S Kaudel ◽  
A Rana ◽  
N Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Active Management ◽  
The Third ◽  
Oral Misoprostol ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Group B

Aims: This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of oral misoprostol 600 mcg with intramuscular oxytocin 10 IU in the active management of third stage of labour. Methods: This prospective comparative study was performed in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital to compare the efficacy of oral misoprostol with intramuscular oxytocin in the third stage of labour for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. One hundred and twenty women without risk of PPH were randomly allocated to receive either 600 mcg misoprostol orally (Group A) or 10 unit of oxytocin intramuscularly (Group B) within 1 minute of delivery. The efficacy and the safety of these two drugs were analyzed on the basis of percentages fall in hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) level from before delivery to 8 completed hours after delivery, need for additional uterotonic agents, need for exploration and uterine evacuation, need for blood transfusion, duration of third stage of labour and the numbers of retained placenta and need for MRP. Results: Oral misoprostol was observed to be equally effective as intramuscular oxytocin in prevention of post-partum hemorrhage (PPH). There was no statistical difference in the duration of third stage of labour, need for additional uterotonics, need for uterine exploration/evacuation and need for blood transfusion in the two groups. Conclusions: Routine use of oral misoprostol 600 mcg appears to be as effective as 10 IU intramuscular oxytocin in minimizing blood loss during the third stage of labour.

scholarly journals Fatal and non-fatal inflammatory injuries induced by different concentrations of L-arginine in Kunming rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1721727X1775381
Author(s):  
Chunxia Li ◽  
Ge Zhang ◽  
Aijun Dai ◽  
Xiuyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group A ◽  
Inflammatory Edema ◽  
Group B ◽  
Biochemical Indices

To establish animal models of fatal and non-fatal pancreatitis, we randomly divided 55 Kunming rats into three groups: Group A received three intraperitoneal injections of 8% L-arginine (L-arg); Group B received three intraperitoneal injections of 10% L-arg; and Group C (the control group) received three intraperitoneal injections of saline. After the third injection, biochemical indices and pathological changes in the pancreas and lungs were evaluated. In Group A, the rats experienced peak inflammatory edema at 48 h after the injections and exhibited the highest pathological score, but the biochemical indices showed no phase-related changes. In Group B, the rats exhibited significantly increased biochemical indices at 12 h after injection and experienced peak inflammatory edema at 24 h; the pathological score was also the highest, significantly different from the observations for Groups A and C ( P < 0.05), and the mortality rate was 64% over 72 h. Thus, it was inferred that L-arg could be used to establish pancreatitis models and that different concentrations lead to different lesions.

Cephalometric Landmark Identification within the Petrous Temporal Region

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. C. Chate
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Region ◽  
Fixation Device ◽  
The Third ◽  
Landmark Identification ◽  
Variance Ratios ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Method Group

The literature is reviewed regarding the errors associated with relocating cephalometric petrous temporal landmarks. An experimental cranial fixation device, to be used with cephalostat ear rods that subsequently ‘hinge away’, is presented. Twenty-five consecutive cephalograms taken by this method (Group B) are compared with another two groups of 25 radiographs. The second group (Group A) constitutes those taken with perspex ear rods in situ, whilst the third group (Group C) constitutes those with wooden ear rods. The variance ratios demonstrate that the error in relocating most of the petrous temporal landmarks is significantly greater in Group B, when compared to either Group A or C. In comparing these latter two groups, the variance in Group A is greater for all these landmarks, significantly so for condylion and porion. Some possible factors contributing to these findings are discussed. It would seem that wooden ear rods produce less error in the relocation of the petrous temporal landmarks; that the absence of ear rods produces greater error; and that the presence of perspex ear rods increases the error in the relocation of anatomical porion.

Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera off Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia, South China Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Nazihah Azmi ◽  
Fatin Izzati Minhat ◽  
Sanatul Salwa Hasan ◽  
Omar Abdul Rahman Abdul Manaf ◽  
Aishah Norashikin Abdul A'ziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Shelf Area ◽  
Sunda Shelf ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract We investigated the distribution of modern benthic foraminifera from Kelantan waters in the western part of the Sunda Shelf, South China Sea. Twenty-nine benthic foraminiferal species were identified from seven samples collected along a ∼250 km-long transect perpendicular to the Kelantan coastline. Calcareous hyaline species made up 57% of the overall assemblages collected in the study area, followed by calcareous porcelaneous (23%) and agglutinated (20%) species. Cluster analysis recognised two distinctive groups. Group A represented the shallow inner-shelf area (19–35 m water depth) with a coarse sand-dominated substrate where Amphistegina papillosa (13.37%) and Assilina ammonoides (11.04%) were highly abundant. Group A had lowest diversity with no agglutinated species. Group B, occurred at 40–60 m water depth, had higher foraminiferal diversity and was characterised by a very fine sand substrate. The foraminiferal assemblages here were dominated by calcareous hyaline species in group B followed by calcareous porcelaneous and agglutinated species. Group B was characterised by Assilina ammoinodes (11.04%), Heterolepa dutemplei (10.29%), and Discorbinella bertheloti (10.03%). The dominant agglutinated species in Group B were Textularia agglutinans (4.93%) and Cylindroclavulina bradyi (3.55%). Shallow-water species, such as Amphistegina spp., were absent from Group B. Our study shows that the distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the western Sunda shelf off Kelantan, is closely associated with changes in seafloor sediment, distance from the shore, and water depth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Efficacy of 3-Dimensional Delta Versus Trapezoidal Condylar Plates in Internal Fixation of Mandibular Subcondylar Fractures: A Clinical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Jeevan Lata ◽  
Nitin Verma ◽  
Sarita Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
P Value ◽  
Functional Rehabilitation ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Subcondylar Fracture ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Condylar Fractures

Introduction: Among condylar fractures, surgical treatment is most commonly done for subcondylar fractures. Although 2 plate system is most commonly recommended, specially designed delta plate or trapezoidal condylar single 3-dimensional plate have been found to provide early functional rehabilitation with similar stability. Though studied in vitro, not much in vivo study has been done in clinical scenario. Aim and Objectives: Comparative assessment of functional and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent subcondylar fracture fixation with trapezoidal and delta condylar plate. Methods: 20 patients presenting with subcondylar fracture requiring open reduction and internal fixation were included in this 2-year study from 2014 to 2016. Patients were randomly assigned to either one of the groups, with 10 being treated by each plate. Patients were evaluated regularly during 3 months follow-up on clinical parameters, such as occlusion, mouth opening, range of jaw movements, and radiologic parameters, such as fracture alignment, plate fracture, plate bending, screw loosening, secondary displacement of condylar fragment and its direction, ramus height, and any deviation. Results: In both groups, statistically significant improvement in occlusion seen from the third day to the third month ( P value = .04). Postoperative mouth opening, right and left lateral movements, and protrusive movements were statistically nonsignificant in both group A and group B. But within a group, improvements in the results were variable with regard to all these parameters at different intervals. Clinical and radiographic complications were nonsignificant in both group A and group B. Conclusion: This study is a preliminary effort to evaluate and compare different special plating systems in the management of condylar fractures with the new 3-dimensional trapezoidal and delta plating system, which gives excellent stability and rigidity. Improvement in occlusion was found to be gradual in both the plating system over a period of 3 months. Delta plate showed significant improvement in mouth opening at all intervals in comparison to Trapezoidal plate. Improvement in protrusive movement was found to be gradual and better with delta plate. A trapezoidal condylar plate holds goods for low subcondylar fractures owing to its wider dimension, though delta plate is versatile for both high and low subcondylar fracture.

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