scholarly journals XXXVI. An account of some poisonous fish in the South Seas. In a letter to Sir John Pringle, Bart. P.R.S. from Mr. William Anderson, late surgeon's mate on board his Majesty's ship the Resolution, now surgeon of that ship

1776 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 544-552 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Poisonous Fish ◽  
South Sea

Sir, In compliance with you request I have sent you the few notes which I had taken of the cases of some of our ship's company, who, on our late voyage to the South Sea, had experienced the bad effects of eating certain fish of a poisonous nature. I was, perhaps, less solicitous about remarking the minute circumstances attending their illness, as I then believed it was a disorder well known in the West Indies, having frequently heard of people being poisoned, as it is commonly expressed, by eating some particular kinds of fish; but, as far as I have been able to inquire since of those who have been there, or from books, I do not find that any tolerable account either of the disease, or of the means of curing it, has been made public. This being the case, it is almost needless to say, that in treating the disorder we could have no method founded on experience to pursue, and therefore were obliged to palliate the symptoms, from the analogy they bore to those that occur in other diseases.

Three new ameirid harpacticoids from Korea and first record of Proameira simplex (Crustacea: Copepoda: Ameiridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3368 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMISLAV KARANOVIC ◽  
JOO-LAE CHO
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
First Record ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
South Sea ◽  
First Time ◽  
Caudal Rami

Ameiridae Monard, 1927 was previously known from Korea only after one endemic and four cosmopolitan species of the genus Nitokra Boeck, 1865, and a single widely distributed species of the genus Ameira Boeck, 1865, all from brackish enviroments. After a survey of 22 sampling sites and close to 3,500 harpacticoid specimens from various marine enviroments, we report on two new endemic species of Ameira, A. zahaae sp. nov. and A. kimchi sp. nov., from the West Sea and the South Sea respectively. They are both relatively closely related to the previously recorded cosmopolitan A. parvula (Claus, 1866), but show many novel morphological structures in the caudal rami shape and ornamentation. The identity of the cosmopolitan A. parvula in Korea is questioned, and an alternative hypothesis of a species-complex proposed. The fine ornamentation of body somites (especially the pores/sensilla pattern) is studied in detail, and proves to be a very useful new morphological tool in distinguishing closely related spacies in this genus. The genus Pseudameira Sars, 1911 is reported for the first time in Korea, after four females of P. mago sp. nov. from the South Sea. A single damaged female of Proameira cf. simplex (Norman & Scott, 1905) represents the first record of the genus Proameira Lang, 1944 in Korea, Asia, and anywhere in the Pacific. A key to Korean ameirids is also provided, and their apparent rarity in this part of the world noticed.

scholarly journals La decisión de Elcano.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zulaika
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
South Sea

La decisión de regresar de las Molucas hacia occidente fue lo que convirtió la expedición a la Especiería en la que dio la primera vuelta al mundo. Volver por el cabo de Buena Esperanza contravenía las órdenes recibidas por los expedicionarios porque invadía el territorio portugués que establecía el tratado de Tordesillas. Tres fueron las principales motivaciones: a) partir cuanto antes hacia Sevilla para informar que habían descubierto un paso al mar del Sur y que era posible llegar a las Molucas por territorio castellano; b) evitar ser apresados por los portugueses, y c) el monzón que soplaba en ese momento del NE, dificultándoles el regreso por América y por el Indico norte. El regreso por el oeste se acordó por todos expedicionarios pero la decisión de Elcano fue determinante para volver por esta ruta, arrostrar las penalidades que sufrieron y dar la vuelta al mundo. The decision to return from the Moluccas to the west was what turned the expedition to the Spice into the first trip around the world. Returning through the Cape of Good Hope contravened the orders received by the expedition members because they invaded the Portuguese territory established by the Treaty of Tordesillas. The main motivations were three: a) to leave as soon as possible to Seville to report that they had discovered a passage to the South Sea and that it was possible to reach the Moluccas through Castilian territory; b) avoid being captured by the Portuguese, and c) the monsoon that was blowing at that time from the NE, making it difficult for them to return through America and the North Indian Ocean. The return to the west was agreed by all expedition members but Elcano's decision was decisive to return along this route, face the hardships they suffered and go around the world.

Surface Currents of the Ocean and their effects on Navigation

1954 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-361
Author(s):  
C. E. N. Frankcom ◽  
E. W. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Ocean Currents ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Indian Ocean

One of the earliest publications about ocean currents was Dampier's Discourse of Winds, Breezes, Storm Tides and Currents published in about 1700. Dampier wrote his book in 1688 and he says:By currents I mean a motion of the sea which is different from the tides in several respects—both as to its duration and also as to its course; currents run a day, a week, nay sometimes more one way, then it may be, run another way. In some places they run six months one way and six months another. In some places they run constantly one way and never shift at all.After some remarkably detailed discussion of currents in the West Indies and off the coast of Africa and in the south seas he says, of the Indian Ocean currents, ‘north of the line the current stays with the monsoon but does not shift altogether so soon, sometimes not for three weeks or more and then never shifts again till the monsoon is settled in the contrary way’. Of the Gulf Stream he says, ‘near the shores on each side of this Gulf there are tides, especially on the Florida shore, and ships may pass which way they please, if they are acquainted’. In conclusion he says, ‘I humbly offer this not as a complete and perfect account but as a rude and imperfect beginning or specimen of what may be done by abler hands hereafter’.

Crèvecoeur’s Pennsylvania

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lyman Bushman
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Lancaster County ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

Slavery existed in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, just north of the Maryland line, but it was spotty and restricted to a small number of families. The relatively few slaves put a cap on Pennsylvania’s wealth. There were no vast estates like the great southern plantations and wealth per capita was much less. But Pennsylvania was more prosperous than New England. Wealth per capita was substantially higher. It stood in the middle between the South and New England. Wheat with its thriving markets in the West Indies and Europe buoyed all aspects of the Pennsylvania economy. There were far more shops and tradesmen in Lancaster borough, for example, than in comparable towns in New England like Springfield, Massachusetts, or Hartford, Connecticut. It was a prosperous society but rent with conflict. The most telling division in Pennsylvania society was not between rich and poor but between frontier farmers exposed to Indian attacks and more protected areas. Stories of atrocities formed a distinctive mentality. Frontier towns were outraged by the failure of the government to protect them and took affairs into their own hands by slaughtering the Indians. Crèvecouer, who observed both the prosperity of Pennsylvania and its bitter conflicts, marveled that a society with so much promise endured so many miseries.

scholarly journals VIII. Petrographical notes on the products of the eruptions of May, 1902, at the Soufrière in St. Vincent

1908 ◽  
Vol 208 (427-440) ◽  
pp. 305-332 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Major Part ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Good Preservation ◽  
Secondary Steam

The rocks collected during our visit to the West Indies, in 1902, included specimens of the ashes, ejected blocks, &c., cast out by the eruptions of May, and of such lavas, belonging to previous eruptions of the Soufrière and the extinct volcanoes of the south part of the island, as were in good preservation and easily accessible from our line of route. We are also indebted to Mr. Macdonald, Mr. Darrell, and other inhabitants of St. Vincent, and to Sir Daniel Morris and the officers of the Imperial Agricultural Department for the West Indies acting under him (more particularly to Mr. Henry Powell, Curator of the Botanic Station, St. Vincent), for specimens sent us after our departure for England. Professor Lacroix has very kindly furnished us with specimens of the older rocks of St. Vincent, which he collected during his visit, and of an ejected block containing cordierite, which he found on the edge of the crater in January, 1903. The Ejecta of the Eruptions of May, 1902. Among the materials ejected during May, 1902, there were not only ashes and sand, with volcanic bombs which were derived from the active magma within the crater, but also large quantities of the older rocks of the mountain which had been torn from the walls of the crater and were mingled with the new ashes. The difficulties of collecting from the deposits of hot sand laid down by the avalanche were considerable, as the principal stream sections of the new materials were too hot and too unstable to be approached. Fragments lying on the surface of the avalanche evidently belonged to the most recent stages of the volcanic activity. The deeper parts of the new deposit were usually inaccessible, but where the secondary steam explosions had built small cones on the rivulets it was easy to collect blocks that had been projected from the interior of the beds of hot ash. These form the major part of the ejected blocks of 1902 contained in our collections.

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