III. Experimental researches in electricity.—Ninth series

1835 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Direct Transmission ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Conducting Bodies ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Different Parts

§. 15. On the influence by induction of an Electric Current on itself :—and on the inductive action of Electric Currents generally. 1048. The following investigations relate to a very remarkable inductive action of electric currents, or of the different parts of the same current, and indicate an immediate connexion between such inductive action and the direct transmission of electricity through conducting bodies, or even that exhibited in the form of a spark. 1049. The inquiry arose out of a fact communicated to me by Mr. Jenkin, which is as follows. If an ordinary wire of short length be used as the medium of communication between the two plates of an electromotor consisting of a single pair of metals, no management will enable the experimenter to obtain an electric shock from this wire; but if the wire which surrounds an electro-magnet be used, a shock is felt each time the contact with the electromotor is broken, provided the ends of the wire be grasped one in each hand.

scholarly journals Experimental researches in electricity. Ninth series

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Fine Wire ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
Good Conductor ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
A Current

In the series of experiments which are detailed in this paper, the author inquires into the causes of some remarkable phænomena relating to the action of an electric current upon itself, under certain circumstances, whereby its intensity is highly exalted, and occasionally increased to ten, twenty, or even fifty times that which it originally possessed. For the production of this effect, the principal condition is that the current traverse a considerable length of a good conductor, such as a long wire; more especially if this wire be coiled in the form of a helix; and the effect is still farther augmented when this helix is coiled round a cylinder of soft iron, constituting an electro-magnet. The evidence on which these conclusions are founded is the following. If an electromotor, consisting of a single pair of zinc and copper plates, have these metals connected by a short wire dipping into cups of mercury, the electric spark consequent upon either forming or breaking the circuit is so slight as to be scarcely perceptible; but if a long wire be employed as the medium of connexion, a bright spark is obtained on breaking the contact. If the wire be coiled in a helix, the spark is still brighter; and if a core of soft iron be placed within the helix, the spark, at the moment of disjunction, is more brilliant than in any of the former cases: and the higher intensity of the current is also manifested by the occurrence of a shock, at the same moment, to a person who grasps with wetted hands the two ends of the wire; whereas no such effect, nor even any sensible impression on the tongue, is produced by the electromotor, when a short wire is employed. All these effects of exaltation are produced at a time when the actual current of electricity from the electromotor is greatly diminished; as the author shows by many experiments on the ignition of a fine wire, and the deflection of a galvanometer. He also proves that the effects of the spark and the shock, at the moment of disjunction of a long wire, are due to a current far more powerful than that which passes through the short wire at the same instant; or indeed than that which passes through either the long or the short wire at any other instant of time than when the disjunction takes place.

scholarly journals III. Experimental researches in electricity.―Twenty-eight series

1852 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 25-56 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
General Manner ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Electricity And Magnetism ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Magnetic Needle

3070. From my earliest experiments on the relation of electricity and magnetism (114. note), I have had to think and speak of lines of magnetic force as representations of the magnetic power; not merely in the points of quality and direction, but also in quantity. The necessity I was under of a more frequent use of the term in some recent researches (2149. &c.), has led me to believe that the time has arrived, when the idea conveyed by the phrase should be stated very clearly, and should also be carefully examined, that it may be ascertained how far it may be truly applied in representing magnetic conditions and phenomena; how far it may be useful in their elucidation; and, also, how far it may assist in leading the mind correctly on to further conceptions of the physical nature of the force, and the recognition of the possible effects, either new or old, which may be produced by it. 3071. A line of magnetic force may be defined as that line which is described by a very small magnetic needle, when it is so moved in either direction correspondent to its length, that, the needle is constantly a tangent to the line of motion; or it is that line along which, if a transverse wire be moved in either direction, there is no tendency to the formation of any current in the wire, whilst if moved in any other direction there is such a tendency; or it is that line which coincides with the direction of the magnecrystallic axis of a crystal of bismuth, which is carried in either direction along it. The direction of these lines about and amongst magnets and electric currents, is easily represented and understood, in a general manner, by the ordinary use of iron filings.

II. “On some effects of transmitting electric currents through magnetised electrolytes

1882 ◽  
Vol 33 (216-219) ◽  
pp. 151-154
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Iron Wire ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Electro Magnetic

This communication treats of a class of electro-magnetic rotations observed and examined by the author. The rotations are produced in liquids by means of axial electric currents, either in the interior of vertical magnets, electro or permanent, or near the poles of such magnets, and differ from rotations previously produced in liquids placed in those positions, by the absence of radial currents, to the influence of which rotations in the interior of hollow magnets have hitherto been ascribed. It is here shown that a column of an electrolyte placed under similar conditions to an iron wire or rod, when subjected to electro-magnetic torsion ( i. e ., enclosed by an electro-magnetic helix, and traversed axially by an electric current), is twisted in a similar manner to the wire or bar. This effect, however, in the case of a liquid is not limited to paramagnetic substances, nor is the direction of torsion altered by the magnetic character of the liquid.

X.—The Variation of Young's Modulus under an Electric Current

1912 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 186-250
Author(s):  
Henry Walker
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Small Load ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Wire

The results of the investigations on four metals, viz. steel, iron, copper, and platinum, form the subject of my two first papers. In Parts I. and II. the effects on the modulus when the wire was stretched with a small load, and also with a much greater load, were examined. In this, my third paper, the investigation of these metals has been extended in several directions. The scope of the whole work has also been widened by subjecting nickel and cobalt to examination.As the question of temperature still seemed doubtful, and as the justification given near the beginning of the second paper might not be altogether convincing, I thought it better to put the matter beyond all question. I therefore adopted the following method. Using the doublewalled tube already described, the wires were passed through it and over the wheel in the same way as in the main experiments.

scholarly journals Influence of the process parameters on mechanical properties of the final parts obtained by selective laser sintering from PA2200 powder

2019 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 01001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Laura Dincă (Shamieh) ◽  
Nicoleta Mirela Popa ◽  
Nichita Larisa Milodin ◽  
Comsa Stanca ◽  
Doina Gheorghiu
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Best Parameters ◽  
Different Parts

The paper describes how the process parameters affects the mechanical characteristics of laser selective sintered (SLS) parts used in applications of medical, automotive and aerospace fields. The greatest advantage of the additive manufacturing (AM) technology in the medical field is that it allows the use of the patient's medical CT images to obtain specific implants, providing high benefits for both patients and physicians. Despite its increasing use and advantages, the AM process has a series of problemssuch as: the difficulty in obtaining quality part, process interruption or manufacturing part failure. As such, there have been developed experimental researches in order to establish a correlation between the process parameters and the finished part properties. For this analysis, PA 2200 polyamide specimenswere obtained by SLS and subjected to tensile tests. The results correlate the process parameters, providing proof that the tensile properties of SLS specimen are dependent of orientation, position and preheating temperature. Based on the correlation between the process parameters and properties of the PA2200 polyamide, this paper provides a better understanding of the AM process and allows an anticipation onthe best parameters to be used on different parts, leading the optimizing of component properties for medical applications.

scholarly journals Electric Currents Connected With the Proton Flares of 7 July and 2 September, 1966

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
A. B. Severny
Keyword(s):  
Active Region ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Field Strength ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Current Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electric Currents

It is observed that the change of the net magnetic flux associated with flares can exceed 1017 Mx/s, which corresponds according to Maxwell's equation to the e.m.f. ∼ 109 V which is specific for the high energy protons generated in flares. It is shown that this value of e.m.f. can hardly be compensated by e.m.f. of inductance which should appear due to the actually measured motions in a flare generating active region. The values of electric field strength thus found, together with measured values of electric current density (from rotH), leads to an electric conductivity which is 103 times smaller than usually adopted.

scholarly journals On the Nature of Electric Current in the Electrospinning Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baturalp Yalcinkaya ◽  
Fatma Yener ◽  
Oldrich Jirsak ◽  
Funda Cengiz-Callioglu
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
Electric Currents

The electric currents between electrodes in the electrospinning process are based on the movement of charge carriers through the spinning space. The majority of the charge carriers are formed by ionization of the air close to the metallic needle and to the polymer jet. The salt contained in the polymer solution contributes to the concentration of charge carriers, depending on its amount. The conductivity of polymer jets does not significantly affect the current since the jets do not link the electrodes.

Wire-Electric Gyroscope

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadym Avrutov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Angular Rate Sensor ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Rate Sensor

The wire-electric gyroscope (WEG) is a new type of the angular rate sensor. The basic principle of the WEG is based on the hypothesis of invariance of the electric current speed for the same wire (coil). It is similar to the Sagnac effect for the speed of light. The method of angular rate determination is described. The voltage difference between two wire coils with different line coupling can be expressed in applied rotation (angular) rate and velocity of electric current. The scale factor depends on the magnitude of the current, number of the coil turns, the coil’s radius, the cross-section area of the wire and specific (unit) resistance of the wire. WEG can be produced cost-effectively and can be a good choice for low-cost applications.

scholarly journals The influence of homodromous and heterodromous electric currents on transmission of excitation in plant and animal

1915 ◽  
Vol 88 (607) ◽  
pp. 483-507 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Current ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Preparation ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Conducting Tissue ◽  
The One ◽  
Conduction Of Excitation ◽  
Stimulation Of

I have in a previous paper described investigation on the conduction of excitation in Mimosa pudica . It was there shown that the various characteristics of the propagation of excitation in the conducting tissue of the plant are in every way similar to those in the animal nerve. Hence it appeared probable that any newly found phenomenon in the one case was likely to lead to the discovery of a similar phenomenon in the other. A problem of great interest which has attracted my attention my attention for several years is the question whether, in a conducting tissue, excitation travels better with or against the direction of an electric current. The experimental difficulties presented in the prosecution of this enquiry are very numerous, the results being complicated by the joint effects of the direction of current on conductivity and of the poles on excitability. As regards the latter, the changes of excitability in the animal nerve under electrotonus have been demonstrated by the well-known experiments of pflüger. In a nerve-and-muscle preparation, the presence of a pole P is shown to induce a variation of excitability of a neighbouring point S. When P is kathode, the excitability of the point S, near it, is enhanced; stimulation of S, previously ineffective, now becomes effective, and the resulting excitation is transmitted to M, causing response of the muscle. Conversely, the application of anode at P causes a depression of excitability of S. Stimulus previously effective now becomes ineffective. In this manner the transmission of excitation may be indirectly modified by the polar variation of excitability of the stimulated point (fig. 1 a ).

scholarly journals IV. On peristaltic induction of electric currents

1857 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Elastic Tubes ◽  
Electrical Equilibrium ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Peristaltic Action

Recent observations on the propagation of electricity through wires in subaqueous and subterranean telegraphic cables have brought to light phenomena of induced electric currents, which, while they are essentially different from the phenomena of what has hitherto been called electro-dynamic induction, are exactly such as might have been anticipated from the well-established theory of electrical equilibrium, had experiment afforded the data of relation between electrostatical and electro-dynamic units wanted for determining what dimensions of wire would be required to render these phenomena sensible to ordinary observation. They present a very perfect analogy with the mutual influences of a number of elastic tubes bound together laterally throughout their lengths, and surrounded and filled with a liquid which is forced through one or more of them, while the others are left with their ends open ( uninsulated ), or stopped ( insulated ), or subjected to any other particular conditions. The hydrostatic pressure applied to force the liquid through any of the tubes will cause them to swell and to press against the others, which will thus, by peristaltic action, compel the liquid contained in them to move, in different parts of them, in one direction or the other.

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