scholarly journals Potential significance of the cellular immune response against the macaque strain of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVMAC) in immunized and infected rhesus macaques

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 2273-2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Voss ◽  
S. Nick ◽  
C. Stahl-Hennig ◽  
C. Coulibaly ◽  
H. Petry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Potential Significance ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Cellular Immune Response of Rhesus Monkeys Infected with a Partially Attenuated nef Deletion Mutant of the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Virology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Dittmer ◽  
Thomas Nißlein ◽  
Walter Bodemer ◽  
Harald Petry ◽  
Ulrike Sauermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune

Cellular Immune Response of SIV‐Infected Rhesus Macaques

1990 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Thomas P. McGraw ◽  
Benjamin R. Vowels ◽  
M. Eric Gershwin ◽  
Murray B. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Cellular Immune

scholarly journals Analysis and Prospects of Using Recombinant Vaccinia Virus MVA Strain as a Vector in the Development of the Vaccines against Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
L. F. Stovba ◽  
V. T. Krotkov ◽  
D. I. Paveli’ev ◽  
S. A. Mel’nikov ◽  
V. N. Lebedev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Cell Immune Response ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Protective Efficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodominant Antigens

The review presents the results of preclinical use of vector vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) disease. Application of antiretroviral therapy exclusively is insufficient for elimination of HIV from patient’s body. This dictates the need for an effective vaccine which will reduce the number of new cases of the disease and reduce the risk of virus transmission. Current practice of medicinal product development showed the effectiveness of heterologous prime-boost regimens for the induction of expressed immune response in laboratory animals. Various vector constructs were used as priming vaccines: DNA vaccines, Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine, chimpanzee adenovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, alphavirus repli-clone. Booster vaccine was represented by recombinant MVA strain. In all vector vaccines, different genes of immunodominant antigens of HIV and SIV agents were inserted. On rhesus macaques, murine, rabbit models, it was demonstrated that deployed vaccination schemes were safe and induced immune response. Because membrane HIV protein is highly variable, strongly glycoziled and subjected to structural changes during receptor binding, it cannot be viewed as a target for induction of virus neutralized antibodies. Therefore, we mainly studied the cell immune response that was presented by poly-functional CD8+ T-cells. However, some recent researches are aimed at such modification of envelope HIV immunogene that would provide for virus neutralizing antibody induction. The study of protective efficiency of the induced immunity in rhesus macaques, immunized with recombinant vectors expressing SIV’ s immunodominant antigens, in case of subsequent inoculation with virulent SIV strain has revealed that all monkeys developed illness. Assuming that the constructions with SIV’ s immunodominant antigens under protective efficiency testing on rhesus macaques imitate AIDS in humans, it seems that vaccines, developed up-to-date, will not be effective for collective immunity formation against AIDS. Therefore, the search for novel combinations of expressed immunodominant antigens for the inclusion into the composition of priming and booster vaccines remains a priority area at present time.

scholarly journals Improved Protection of Rhesus Macaques against Intrarectal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 Challenge by a Replication-Competent Ad5hr-SIVenv/rev and Ad5hr-SIVgag Recombinant Priming/gp120 Boosting Regimen

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
pp. 8354-8365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Joel Pinczewski ◽  
Victor R. Gómez-Román ◽  
David Venzon ◽  
V. S. Kalyanaraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune

ABSTRACT In this study we investigated the ability of a replication-competent Ad5hr-SIVenv/rev and Ad5hr-SIVgag recombinant priming/gp120 boosting regimen to induce protective immunity in rhesus macaques against pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virusmac251. Immunization of macaques by two sequential administrations of the same recombinants by the same route resulted in boosting and persistence of SIV-specific cellular immune responses for 42 weeks past the initial immunization. Anti-SIV gp120 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies were induced in secretory fluids, and all macaques exhibited serum neutralizing antibody activity. After intrarectal SIVmac251 challenge, all of the macaques became infected. However, relative protection, as assessed by statistically significant lower SIV viral loads in plasma at both acute infection and set point, was observed in 8 out of 12 immunized non-Mamu-A∗01 animals. Elevated mean cellular immune responses to Gag and Env, neutralizing antibody activity, and IgG and IgA binding antibody levels were observed in the eight protected macaques. Statistically significant correlations with protective outcome were observed for cellular immune responses to SIV Env and Gag and for SIV gp120-specific IgG antibodies in nasal and vaginal fluids. Two macaques that exhibited the greatest and most persistent viremia control also exhibited strong CD8+ T-cell antiviral activity. The results suggest that a spectrum of immune responses may be necessary for adequate control of viral replication and disease progression and highlight a potential role for nonneutralizing antibodies at mucosal sites.

scholarly journals Mucosal Innate Immune Response Associated with a Timely Humoral Immune Response and Slower Disease Progression after Oral Transmission of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus to Rhesus Macaques

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 6175-6186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Milush ◽  
Kelly Stefano-Cole ◽  
Kimberli Schmidt ◽  
Andre Durudas ◽  
Ivona Pandrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Oligoadenylate Synthetase ◽  
Mucosal Transmission ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Innate Effector

ABSTRACT Mucosal transmission is the predominant mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide, and the mucosal innate interferon response represents an important component of the earliest host response to the infection. Our goal here was to assess the changes in mRNA expression of innate mucosal genes after oral simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) inoculation of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were followed throughout their course of disease progression. The SIV plasma viral load was highest in the macaque that progressed rapidly to simian AIDS (99 days) and lowest in the macaque that progressed more slowly (>700 days). The mRNA levels of six innate/effector genes in the oral mucosa indicated that slower disease progression was associated with increased expression of these genes. This distinction was most evident when comparing the slowest-progressing macaque to the intermediate and rapid progressors. Expression levels of alpha and gamma interferons, the antiviral interferon-stimulated gene product 2′-5′ oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), and the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 in the slow progressor were elevated at each of the three oral mucosal biopsy time points examined (day 2 to 4, 14 to 21, and day 70 postinfection). In contrast, the more rapidly progressing macaques demonstrated elevated levels of these cytokine/chemokine mRNA at lymph nodes, coincident with decreased levels at the mucosal sites, and a decreased ability to elicit an effective anti-SIV antibody response. These data provide evidence that a robust mucosal innate/effector immune response is beneficial following lentiviral exposure; however, it is likely that the anatomical location and timing of the response need to be coordinated to permit an effective immune response able to delay progression to simian AIDS.

scholarly journals Novel Translation Products from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Env-Encoding mRNA Contain both Rev and Cryptic T-Cell Epitopes

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (19) ◽  
pp. 10280-10285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Maness ◽  
Jonah B. Sacha ◽  
Shari M. Piaskowski ◽  
Kimberly L. Weisgrau ◽  
Eva G. Rakasz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Reading Frames ◽  
Rev Protein

ABSTRACT Understanding the correlates of immune protection against human immunodeficiency virus and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) will require defining the entire cellular immune response against the viruses. Here, we define two novel translation products from the SIV env mRNA that are targeted by the T-cell response in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. The shorter product is a subset of the larger product, which contains both the first exon of the Rev protein and a translated portion of the rev intron. Our data suggest that the translation of viral alternate reading frames may be an important source of T-cell epitopes, including epitopes normally derived from functional proteins.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document