scholarly journals Metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in Candida albicans: significance as a precursor of inositol polyphosphates and in signal transduction during the dimorphic transition from yeast cells to germ tubes

Microbiology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Gadd ◽  
S. A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphates ◽  
Dimorphic Transition ◽  
Inositol 1,4,5 Trisphosphate ◽  
Germ Tubes

scholarly journals Propranolol Inhibits Hyphal Development in Candida albicans

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3617-3620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Baker ◽  
Kevin Desrosiers ◽  
Joseph W. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Dimorphic Transition ◽  
Hyphal Development ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Propranolol was used to investigate the role of phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol in the dimorphic transition in Candida albicans. Propranolol was able to inhibit the appearance of germ tubes without decreasing growth rate. Data suggest that inhibition of morphogenesis may be due to binding by propranolol of PA derived from PLD1 hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous distribution of Candida albicans cell-surface antigens demonstrated with an Als1-specific monoclonal antibody

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 3645-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Coleman ◽  
Soon-Hwan Oh ◽  
Xiaomin Zhao ◽  
Lois L. Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Spatial Localization ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Cell Surface Antigens ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Germ Tubes

Despite an abundance of data describing expression of genes in the Candida albicans ALS (agglutinin-like sequence) gene family, little is known about the production of Als proteins on individual cells, their spatial localization or stability. Als proteins are most commonly discussed with respect to function in adhesion of C. albicans to host and abiotic surfaces. Development of a mAb specific for Als1, one of the eight large glycoproteins encoded by the ALS family, provided the opportunity to detect Als1 during growth of yeast and hyphae, both in vitro and in vivo, and to demonstrate the utility of the mAb in blocking C. albicans adhesion to host cells. Although most C. albicans yeast cells in a saturated culture are Als1-negative by indirect immunofluorescence, Als1 is detected on the surface of nearly all cells shortly after transfer into fresh growth medium. Als1 covers the yeast cell surface, with the exception of bud scars. Daughters of the inoculum cells, and sometimes granddaughters, also have detectable Als1, but Als1 is not detectable on cells from subsequent generations. On germ tubes and hyphae, most Als1 is localized proximal to the mother yeast. Once deposited on yeasts or hyphae, Als1 persists long after the culture has reached saturation. Growth stage-dependent production of Als1, coupled with its persistence on the cell surface, results in a heterogeneous population of cells within a C. albicans culture. Anti-Als1 immunolabelling patterns vary depending on the source of the C. albicans cells, with obvious differences between cells recovered from culture and those from a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Results from this work highlight the temporal parallels for ALS1 expression and Als1 production in yeasts and germ tubes, the specialized spatial localization and persistence of Als1 on the C. albicans cell surface, and the differences in Als1 localization that occur in vitro and in vivo.

Adherence of Candida albicans germ tubes to murine tissues in an ex vivo assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Luis López-Ribot ◽  
Maria Novella Vespa ◽  
W. LaJean Chaffin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Ex Vivo Assay ◽  
Scanning Electron

Adhesion of Candida albicans germ tubes to murine tissues was examined. An ex vivo assay previously employed to examine adhesion of yeast cells of C. albicans was adapted for use with germ tubes. Binding of germ tubes to kidney, liver, spleen, and lymph node tissues was found to occur throughout the tissue section, with little tissue morphologic specificity. In general, more organisms adhered to spleen and lymph node tissues than to kidney and liver tissues. Observation of adhesion with scanning electron microscopy showed three germ tube – tissue interactions described as loose, tight, or embedded.Key words: Candida, germ tubes, adhesion, ex vivo.

Germ tube induction in Candida albicans

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Shepherd ◽  
Chiew Yoke Yin ◽  
S. P. Ram ◽  
P. A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Germ Tubes

A reproducible and simple system for the production of germ tubes from yeast cells of Candida albicans using glucose and glutamine as substrates has been described.During germ tube formation there was a doubling of the dry weight but the number of cells remained constant. Although the DNA content did not change for the first 4 h of germ tube formation, the RNA content more than doubled. The DNA and RNA content of C. albicans blastospores are 4.5 × 10−15 g per cell and 48 × 10−15 g per cell respectively.Nystatin, phenethyl alcohol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, azaserine, salicylhydroxamic acid, and 5-fluorocytosine were all effective inhibitors of germ tube formation. Cysteine, potassium cyanide, and polyoxin D did not prevent germination. The incorporation of both uracil and leucine occurred rapidly during germ tube formation. The inhibitors of RNA synthesis, actinomycin D, cordycepin, and daunomycin prevented germination and inhibited uracil incorporation. The translational inhibitors, trichodermin, aurin tricarboxylic acid, puromycin, and cyloheximide were effective in inhibiting both germ tube formation and leucine incorporation.

Changes in glutathione metabolic enzymes during yeast-to-mycelium conversion of Candida albicans

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin Manavathu ◽  
Elias Manavathu ◽  
Suresh Gunasekaran ◽  
Quallyna Porte ◽  
Muthukumaran Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Mycelial Form ◽  
Glutamic Acid Residue ◽  
Germ Tubes

Candida albicans is a dimorphic yeast capable of producing alternate morphological forms (yeast or mycelium) in response to environmental changes. The intracellular level of glutathione, which helps to maintain the redox potential of the cell, is decreased significantly during the thermal induction of yeast-to-mycelium conversion. The reason for the decline of glutathione in the mycelial form is not understood. We have, therefore, investigated the levels of glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, and glutathione peroxidase, four key enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, in the yeast and mycelial forms. Yeast cells of C. albicans 3153A were induced in Lee's medium (pH 6.5) at 37 °C for 3 h to produce germ tubes. Cell lysates were prepared from yeast and mycelial cells, and glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, and glutathione peroxidase were assayed spectrophotometrically. There was a 640% increase of the level of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in the germ tubes as compared with the yeast cells. No other significant alteration of the levels of enzymes was noted. This increased activity of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, which cleaves the glutamic acid residue of glutathione (Glu-Cys-Gly) appears to be, at least in part, responsible for the rapid decrease of the intracellular glutathione in C. albicans during the yeast-to-mycelium conversion.Key words: Candida albicans, dimorphism, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase.

scholarly journals Early Adhesion of Candida albicans onto Dental Acrylic Surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aguayo ◽  
H. Marshall ◽  
J. Pratten ◽  
D. Bradshaw ◽  
J.S. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Adhesion Forces ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Mother Cells

Denture-associated stomatitis is a common candidal infection that may give rise to painful oral symptoms, as well as be a reservoir for infection at other sites of the body. As poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) remains the main material employed in the fabrication of dentures, the aim of this research was to evaluate the adhesion of Candida albicans cells onto PMMA surfaces by employing an atomic force microscopy (AFM) single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) technique. For experiments, tipless AFM cantilevers were functionalized with PMMA microspheres and probed against C. albicans cells immobilized onto biopolymer-coated substrates. Both a laboratory strain and a clinical isolate of C. albicans were used for SCFS experiments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFM imaging of C. albicans confirmed the polymorphic behavior of both strains, which was dependent on growth culture conditions. AFM force-spectroscopy results showed that the adhesion of C. albicans to PMMA is morphology dependent, as hyphal tubes had increased adhesion compared with yeast cells ( P < 0.05). C. albicans budding mother cells were found to be nonadherent, which contrasts with the increased adhesion observed in the tube region. Comparison between strains demonstrated increased adhesion forces for a clinical isolate compared with the lab strain. The clinical isolate also had increased survival in blood and reduced sensitivity to complement opsonization, providing additional evidence of strain-dependent differences in Candida-host interactions that may affect virulence. In conclusion, PMMA-modified AFM probes have shown to be a reliable technique to characterize the adhesion of C. albicans to acrylic surfaces.

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