scholarly journals Characterization of mammalian orthoreoviruses isolated from faeces of pigs in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1027-1036
Author(s):  
Hayato Harima ◽  
Michihito Sasaki ◽  
Masahiro Kajihara ◽  
Gabriel Gonzalez ◽  
Edgar Simulundu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Genetic Reassortment ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Mammalian Orthoreovirus ◽  
S3 Segment ◽  
Multiple Species

Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV) has been identified in humans, livestock and wild animals; this wide host range allows individual MRV to transmit into multiple species. Although several interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment events of MRVs among humans, livestock and wildlife have been reported, the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of MRVs in Africa are poorly understood. In this study, we report the first isolation and characterization of MRVs circulating in a pig population in Zambia. In our screening, MRV genomes were detected in 19.7 % (29/147) of faecal samples collected from pigs by reverse transcription PCR. Three infectious MRV strains (MRV-85, MRV-96 and MRV-117) were successfully isolated, and their complete genomes were sequenced. Recombination analyses based on the complete genome sequences of the isolated MRVs demonstrated that MRV-96 shared the S3 segment with a different MRV isolated from bats, and that the L1 and M3 segments of MRV-117 originated from bat and human MRVs, respectively. Our results suggest that the isolated MRVs emerged through genetic reassortment events with interspecies transmission. Given the lack of information regarding MRVs in Africa, further surveillance of MRVs circulating among humans, domestic animals and wildlife is required to assess potential risk for humans and animals.

Paucimyces polynucleatus gen. nov, sp. nov., a novel polycentric genus of anaerobic gut fungi from the faeces of a wild blackbuck antelope

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwa A. Hanafy ◽  
Noha H. Youssef ◽  
Mostafa S. Elshahed
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Subunit ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Antilope Cervicapra ◽  
Spherical Vesicles ◽  
Sequence Similarities

The anaerobic gut fungi (AGF; phylum Neocallimastigomycota) reside in the alimentary tracts of herbivores. Multiple novel, yet-uncultured AGF taxa have recently been identified in culture-independent diversity surveys. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of the first representative of the RH5 lineage from faecal samples of a wild blackbuck (Indian Antelope, Antilope cervicapra) from Sutton County, Texas, USA. The isolates displayed medium sized (2–4 mm) compact circular colonies on agar roll tubes and thin loose biofilm-like growth in liquid medium. Microscopic examination revealed monoflagellated zoospores and polycentric thalli with highly branched nucleated filamentous rhizomycelium, a growth pattern encountered in a minority of described AGF genera so far. The obtained isolates are characterized by formation of spherical vesicles at the hyphal tips from which multiple sporangia formed either directly on the spherical vesicles or at the end of sporangiophores. Phylogenetic analysis using the D1/D2 regions of the large ribosomal subunit (D1/D2 LSU) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) revealed sequence similarities of 93.5 and 81.3%, respectively, to the closest cultured relatives (Orpinomyces joyonii strain D3A (D1/D2 LSU) and Joblinomyces apicalis strain GFH681 (ITS1). Substrate utilization experiments using the type strain (BB-3T) demonstrated growth capabilities on a wide range of mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, including glucose, xylose, mannose, fructose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, lactose, cellulose, xylan, starch and raffinose. We propose accommodating these novel isolates in a new genus and species, for which the name Paucimyces polynucleatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) from Salmonella Gallinarum in chicken and antibiogram of the isolates

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2292-2297
Author(s):  
Asma Ul Husna ◽  
Shabir Ahmad Mir ◽  
Rusheeba Manzoor ◽  
Farhat Pandit ◽  
Shakil Ahmad Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Faecal Samples

Salmonella isolates should be distinguished as it may assist in tracing the source of an outbreak and monitoring trends in antimicrobial resistance associated with a particular type. The specific detection of these Salmonella serotypes is therefore extremely important in order to attribute an isolate to a previously known epidemic outbreak. The present investigation was to isolate and identify S. Gallinarum, to study variation in the profile of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and to determine in vitro antibiogram of S. Gallinarum in poultry. A total of 228 faecal samples and 22 visceral samples suspected for Salmonellosis were collected, of these 15 samples (6.0%) were found positive for S. Gallinarum. In the present study, rfbS gene sequence was helpful in the serotype-specific detection of S. Gallinarum giving a 187 bp product. Salmonella Gallinarum crude protein extracts determined by SDSPAGE showed migration of OMPs as several bands at approximate moleculer weights of appx. 45 kDa, 55 kDa, 64 kDa, 65 kDa, 74 kDa, 110 kDa, 120 kDa, 135 kDa, 150 kDa,155 kDa, 200 kDa and above 200 kDa. The study indicated a definite variation in the profile of OMPs of various Salmonella Gallinarum strains with major OMPs in the range of appx 80-100 kDa which could be the target for vaccine production. All the isolates tested against 14 antimicrobial agents showed variable susceptibility pattern with highest resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin and sulphadiazine and sensitivity to chloramphenicol, gentamicin and enrofloxacin.

Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages from strains of human, bovine and porcine origin

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Müller ◽  
M.B. Taylor ◽  
W.O.K. Grabow ◽  
M.M. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Sewage Sample ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Faecal Samples

Toxin-converting bacteriophages encoding the Stx2 gene were induced from strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated from sewage, bovine and porcine faeces. Toxin synthesis can be stimulated by the induction of integrated toxin-converting phages from the host E. coli O157:H7 organism by ultra-violet (UV) exposure. The UV-mediated DNA damage of E. coli O157:H7 triggers a bacterial SOS response resulting in phage release. Free ranging phages outside their E. coli O157:H7 hosts were detected but could not be isolated directly from environmental samples such as sewage and river water. E. coli O157:H7 colonies carrying the genes coding for Stx2 were isolated from 1 sewage sample (0.76% of positive samples), 8 cattle faecal samples (16.67% of positive samples) and 2 pig faecal samples (14.28% of positive samples). Characterization of E. coli O157:H7 was done by repetitive sequence analysis using ERIC-PCR to determine the relationships between the individual E. coli O157:H7 strains. The ERIC-PCR analysis revealed distinct patterns for all E. coli O157:H7 strains with some small differences between the strains. DNA sequencing of some of the E. coli O157:H7 positive isolates carrying the Stx2 genes were performed confirming the amplified DNA nucleotide sequences of Stx2. Electron microscopic analysis revealed, for the first time in South Africa, that Stx2-converting phages induced from E. coli O157:H7 have different morphologies to that of phage lambda which was previously described. The role of the induced integrated Stx2 phages in natural environments such as river and dam water remains unclear. With the induction of Stx2-converting phages from environmental E. coli O157:H7 isolates, it is now possible to determine the potential of these phages to convert non-pathogenic E. coli strains and other enterobacteriaciae into pathogenic strains.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of H4N6 Avian Influenza Viruses from Pigs with Pneumonia in Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (19) ◽  
pp. 9322-9327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Karasin ◽  
Ian H. Brown ◽  
Suzanne Carman ◽  
Christopher W. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
The North ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

ABSTRACT In October 1999, H4N6 influenza A viruses were isolated from pigs with pneumonia on a commercial swine farm in Canada. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of all eight viral RNA segments demonstrated that these are wholly avian influenza viruses of the North American lineage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of interspecies transmission of an avian H4 influenza virus to domestic pigs under natural conditions.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 from cattle in Belgium and Poland

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. TUTENEL ◽  
D. PIERARD ◽  
J. URADZINSKI ◽  
E. JOZWIK ◽  
M. PASTUSZCZAK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phage Type ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Slaughter Cattle ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Ferment Lactose

EHEC O157 were isolated from faeces of Belgian and Polish beef slaughter cattle. In Belgium, 1281 faecal samples were analysed by immunomagnetic separation [IMS] after enrichment in buffered peptone water from June 1998 till July 1999. Eighty-one samples (6.3%) were positive for E. coli O157. Phage type 8 was most frequently found. Bulls between 1 and 2 years old, slaughtered in September and October were most frequently found positive. Atypical biochemical features were observed in some isolates: 22 (27%) isolates were urease positive and 1 (1.2%) isolate was unable to ferment lactose. In Poland, 551 faecal samples, taken from January 1999 till December 1999, were examined using exactly the same techniques. Four faecal samples (0.7%) were positive for O157 EHEC, yielding seven phage type 8 isolates. All positive samples were from cattle younger than 2 years. Positive samples occurred in August, September and October.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 from a fecal sample from a wild boar in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Michiyo Kataoka ◽  
Yen Hai Doan ◽  
Toru Oi ◽  
Tetsuya Furuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Mammalian Orthoreovirus ◽  
Type 3
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