scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Retroviridae 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Coffin ◽  
Jonas Blomberg ◽  
Hung Fan ◽  
Robert Gifford ◽  
Theodora Hatziioannou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Provirus Integration

Viruses in the family Retroviridae are found in a wide variety of vertebrate hosts. Enveloped virions are 80–100 nm in diameter with an inner core containing the viral genome and replicative enzymes. Core morphology is often characteristic for viruses within the same genus. Replication involves reverse transcription and integration into host cell DNA, resulting in a provirus. Integration into germline cells can result in a heritable provirus known as an endogenous retrovirus. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Retroviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/retroviridae.

scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Ovaliviridae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Huang ◽  
Haina Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Virus Progeny ◽  
Linear Dsdna ◽  
Infected Cells

Ovaliviridae is a family of enveloped viruses with a linear dsDNA genome. The virions are ellipsoidal, and contain a multi-layered spool-like capsid. The viral genome is presumably replicated through protein priming by a putative DNA polymerase encoded by the virus. Progeny virions are released through hexagonal openings resulting from the rupture of virus-associated pyramids formed on the surface of infected cells. The only known host is a hyperthermophilic archaeon of the genus Sulfolobus . This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Ovaliviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/ovaliviridae.

scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hepadnaviridae

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Magnius ◽  
William S. Mason ◽  
John Taylor ◽  
Michael Kann ◽  
Dieter Glebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Family Members ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
The Family

The family Hepadnaviridae comprises small enveloped viruses with a partially double-stranded DNA genome of 3.0–3.4 kb. All family members express three sets of proteins (preC/C, polymerase and preS/S) and replication involves reverse transcription within nucleocapsids in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Hepadnaviruses are hepatotropic and infections may be transient or persistent. There are five genera: Parahepadnavirus, Metahepadnavirus, Herpetohepadnavirus, Avihepadnavirus and Orthohepadnavirus. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Hepadnaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/hepadnaviridae.

scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Redondoviridae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Abbas ◽  
Louis J. Taylor ◽  
Ronald G. Collman ◽  
Frederic D. Bushman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Illness ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reading Frames

Viruses in the family Redondoviridae have a circular genome of 3.0 kb with three open reading frames. The packaged genome is inferred to be single-stranded DNA by analogy to related viruses. Redondoviruses were discovered through metagenomic sequencing methods in samples from human subjects and are inferred to replicate in humans. Evidence of redondovirus infection is associated with periodontitis and critical illness, but redondoviruses have not been shown to be the causative agent of any diseases. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Redondoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/redondoviridae.

scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Solemoviridae 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merike Sõmera ◽  
Denis Fargette ◽  
Eugénie Hébrard ◽  
Cecilia Sarmiento ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Polycistronic Rna

The family Solemoviridae includes viruses with icosahedral particles (26–34 nm in diameter) assembled on T=3 symmetry with a 4–6 kb positive-sense, monopartite, polycistronic RNA genome. Transmission of members of the genera Sobemovirus and Polemovirus occurs via mechanical wounding, vegetative propagation, insect vectors or abiotically through soil; members of the genera Polerovirus and Enamovirus are transmitted by specific aphids. Most solemoviruses have a narrow host range. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Solemoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/solemoviridae.

scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Bornaviridae

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Rubbenstroth ◽  
Thomas Briese ◽  
Ralf Dürrwald ◽  
Masayuki Horie (堀江真行) ◽  
Timothy H. Hyndman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rna Genome ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Borna Disease

Members of the family Bornaviridae produce enveloped virions containing a linear negative-sense non-segmented RNA genome of about 9 kb. Bornaviruses are found in mammals, birds, reptiles and fish. The most-studied viruses with public health and veterinary impact are Borna disease virus 1 and variegated squirrel bornavirus 1, both of which cause fatal encephalitis in humans. Several orthobornaviruses cause neurological and intestinal disorders in birds, mostly parrots. Endogenous bornavirus-like sequences occur in the genomes of various animals. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Bornaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/bornaviridae.

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nyamiviridae 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf G. Dietzgen ◽  
Andrew E. Firth ◽  
Dàohóng Jiāng ◽  
Sandra Junglen ◽  
Hideki Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Genome Organisation ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Link Type ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Family ◽  
Negative Sense

Nyamiviridae is a family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, with unsegmented (except for members of the genus Tapwovirus), negative-sense RNA genomes of 10–13 kb. Nyamviruses have a genome organisation and content similar to that of other mononegaviruses. Nyamiviridae includes several genera that form monophyletic clades on phylogenetic analysis of the RNA polymerase. Nyamiviruses have been found associated with diverse invertebrates as well as land- and seabirds. Members of the genera Nyavirus and Socyvirus produce enveloped, spherical virions. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Nyamiviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/nyamiviridae.

scholarly journals Modern taxonomy of viruses of vertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (98) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
O. S. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Eriocheir Sinensis ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Shell Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Rhabdoviridae ◽  
Shape And Size

The modern taxonomy of viruses of vertebrates is presented according to the information of ICTV issue 07.2019, ratification 03.2020. The leading criteria of taxonomy of viruses are named: type and structure of viral genome, mechanism of replication and morphology of virion. The periods of formation of taxonomic ranks of viruses are characterized: in 1966–1970 genera of viruses were formed, in 1971–1975 – families and subfamilies, since 1990 – orders, in 2018–2019 – realms, kingdoms, phylums, subphylums, classes, suborders, subgenеres. The nomenclature of viruses is described. Viruses belong to the Viruses domain. Viruses of vertebrates (1878 species) belong to 4 realms, 5 kingdoms, 10 phylums, 2 subphylums, 20 classes, 26 orders, 3 suborders, 45 families (of which 15 – DNA-genomic and 30 – RNA-genomic), 33 subfamilies, 345 genera and 49 subgenera. Taxonomic ranks of DNA- and RNA-genomic viruses of vertebrates are described. The DNA-genome family Anelloviridae and the unclassified RNA-genomic genus Deltavirus are not included in any realm. The family Birnaviridae is not classified within the kingdom Orthornavirae. The family of DNA-genomic Hepadnaviridae is included in the realm of RNA-containing viruses Riboviria on the grounds that the replication of hepadnaviruses occurs through the stage of RNA on the principle of reverse transcription, as in the family Retroviridae. The main taxonomic features of DNA- and RNA-genomic viruses of vertebrates are described: type and structure of viral genome (DNA or RNA, number of strands, conformation, fragmentation, polarity), shape and size of virions, presence of outer lipoprotein shell, type of capsid symmetry (spiral, iсosahedral). Some families, in addition to viruses of vertebrates, contain viruses of invertebrates and plants, in particular: families Poxviridae, Iridoviridae, Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, Smacoviridae, Genomoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Nyamiviridae, Peribunyaviridae, Phenuiviridae, Nairoviviridae, Nodaviridae, Reoviridae and Birnaviridae – viruses of insects; families Genomoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Phenuiviridae and Reoviridae – viruses of plants; family Nyamiviridae – viruses of nematodes, cestodes, sipunculidеs and echinoderms; family Rhabdoviridae – viruses of nematodes; family Reoviridae – Eriocheir sinensis reovirus; family Birnaviridae – viruses of tellines and rotifers.

scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Metaviridae

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1132
Author(s):  
Carlos Llorens ◽  
Beatriz Soriano ◽  
Mart Krupovic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Terminal Repeats

Metaviridae is a family of retrotransposons and reverse-transcribing viruses with long terminal repeats belonging to the order Ortervirales. Members of the genera Errantivirus and Metavirus include, respectively, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ty3 virus and its Gypsy-like relatives in drosophilids. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Metaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/metaviridae.

scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Mymonaviridae

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1343-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dàohóng Jiāng (姜道宏) ◽  
María A. Ayllón ◽  
Shin-Yi L. Marzano ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Fungal Host ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Negative Sense

Members of the family Mymonaviridae produce filamentous, enveloped virions containing a single molecule of linear, negative-sense RNA of ≈10 kb. The family currently includes a single genus, Sclerotimonavirus. Mymonaviruses usually infect filamentous fungi, and one virus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1, induces hypovirulence in the fungal host. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Mymonaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/mymonaviridae.

scholarly journals ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Herpesviridae 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Gatherer ◽  
Daniel P. Depledge ◽  
Carol A. Hartley ◽  
Moriah L. Szpara ◽  
Paola K. Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Virus Taxonomy ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reptilian Species

Members of the family Herpesviridae have enveloped, spherical virions with characteristic complex structures consisting of symmetrical and non-symmetrical components. The linear, double-stranded DNA genomes of 125–241 kbp contain 70–170 genes, of which 43 have been inherited from an ancestral herpesvirus. In general, herpesviruses have coevolved with and are highly adapted to their hosts, which comprise many mammalian, avian and reptilian species. Following primary infection, they are able to establish lifelong latent infection, during which there is limited viral gene expression. Severe disease is usually observed only in the foetus, the very young, the immunocompromised or following infection of an alternative host. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Herpesviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/herpesviridae.

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