scholarly journals Genomics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Gorrie ◽  
Charlie Higgs ◽  
Glen Carter ◽  
Timothy P. Stinear ◽  
Benjamin Howden
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
New Treatments

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) is a globally significant public health threat and was listed on the World Health Organization’s 2017 list of high-priority pathogens for which new treatments are urgently needed. Treatment options for invasive VREfm infections are very limited, and outcomes are often poor. Whole-genome sequencing is providing important new insights into VREfm evolution, drug resistance and hospital adaptation, and is increasingly being used to track VREfm transmission within hospitals to detect outbreaks and inform infection control practices. This mini-review provides an overview of recent data on the use of genomics to understand and respond to the global problem of VREfm.

scholarly journals High Prevalence ofvanMin Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Shanghai, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 7795-7798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhui Chen ◽  
Jingyong Sun ◽  
Yan Guo ◽  
Dongfang Lin ◽  
Qinglan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACTThevanMgene was first found in a vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium(VREm) isolate in Shanghai in 2006. In this study, we found that, in 70 VREm strains isolated in nine Shanghai hospitals from 2006 to 2014,vanMwas more prevalent than thevanAgene (64.3% [45/70] versus 35.7% [25/70]). ThevanM-type isolates showed similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with thevanAtypes. ThevanM-type VREm emerged and disseminated in Shanghai.

scholarly journals β-Lactams Enhance Daptomycin Activity against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium inIn VitroPharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2842-2848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Smith ◽  
Katie E. Barber ◽  
Animesh Raut ◽  
Michael J. Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Combination Regimens

ABSTRACTEnterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faeciumare frequently resistant to vancomycin and β-lactams. In enterococcal infections with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility, combination therapy is often administered. Our objective was to conduct pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models to evaluate β-lactam synergy with daptomycin (DAP) against resistant enterococci. OneE. faecalisstrain (R6981) and twoE. faeciumstrains (R6370 and 8019) were evaluated. DAP MICs were obtained. All strains were evaluated for response to LL37, an antimicrobial peptide, in the presence and absence of ceftaroline (CPT), ertapenem (ERT), and ampicillin (AMP). After 96 h,in vitromodels were run simulating 10 mg DAP/kg body weight/day, 600 mg CPT every 8 h (q8h), 2 g AMP q4h, and 1 g ERT q24h, both alone and in combination against all strains. DAP MICs were 2, 4, and 4 μg/ml for strains R6981, R6370, and 8019, respectively. PK/PD models demonstrated bactericidal activity with DAP-CPT, DAP-AMP, and DAP-ERT combinations against strain 8019 (P< 0.001 and log10CFU/ml reduction of >2 compared to any single agent). Against strains R6981 and R6370, the DAP-AMP combination demonstrated enhancement against R6370 but not R6981, while the combinations of DAP-CPT and DAP-ERT were bactericidal, demonstrated enhancement, and were statistically superior to all other regimens at 96 h (P< 0.001) against both strains. CPT, ERT, and AMP similarly augmented LL37 killing against strain 8019. In strains R6981 and R6370, CPT and ERT aided LL37 more than AMP (P< 0.001). Compared to DAP alone, combination regimens provide better killing and prevent resistance. Clinical research involving DAP combinations is warranted.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of New Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Sequence Type 1421

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin W. C. Leong ◽  
Louise A. Cooley ◽  
Ronan F. O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Type Sequence

ABSTRACT The spread of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) has become a challenge to health care infection control worldwide. In 2015, a marked increase in VREfm isolation was detected in acute public hospitals in Tasmania. We report here the draft whole-genome sequence of a newly designated VREfm sequence type, sequence type 1421 (ST1421).

scholarly journals Genotypic and Phenotypic Evaluation of the Evolution of High-Level Daptomycin Nonsusceptibility in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 6051-6053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romney M. Humphries ◽  
Theodoros Kelesidis ◽  
Ryan Tewhey ◽  
Warren E. Rose ◽  
Nicholas Schork ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACTWhole-genome sequencing and cell membrane studies of three clonalEnterococcus faeciumstrains with daptomycin MICs of 4, 32, and 192 μg/ml were performed, revealing nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants in eight open reading frames, including those predicted to encode a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent, mannose-specific phosphotransferase system, cardiolipin synthetase, and EzrA. Membrane studies revealed a higher net surface charge among the daptomycin-nonsusceptible isolates and increased septum formation in the isolate with a daptomycin MIC of 192 μg/ml.

scholarly journals Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Hardware-Associated Vertebral Osteomyelitis with Oritavancin plus Ampicillin

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Dahesh ◽  
Brian Wong ◽  
Victor Nizet ◽  
George Sakoulas ◽  
Truc T. Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Vertebral Osteomyelitis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Weekly oritavancin plus ampicillin continuous infusion combination therapy was used to successfully treat a deep spine vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infection associated with hardware. Checkerboard and time-kill assays confirmed synergy between these two antibiotics. Further synergies of oritavancin and ampicillin with rifampin or the endogenous human antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin LL-37 were demonstrated.

Whole-genome analysis of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium causing nosocomial outbreaks suggests the occurrence of few endemic clonal lineages in Bavaria, Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1398-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eisenberger ◽  
Christian Tuschak ◽  
Markus Werner ◽  
Christian Bogdan ◽  
Thomas Bollinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Abstract Objectives Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) represent a major public health concern due to limited treatment options. Among invasive isolates of VREfm, ST117, ST80 and ST78 represent the most frequently detected STs by MLST in Germany. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of isolates of VREfm recovered from different nosocomial outbreaks in Bavaria, Germany, by WGS. Methods Between January 2018 and April 2019, 99 non-replicate isolates of VREfm originating from nosocomial outbreaks at eight different hospitals in Bavaria were investigated for genetic diversity by WGS. In detail, complex types (CTs) were identified by core-genome MLST. Furthermore, an SNP analysis was performed for all VREfm strains. Results Most of the isolates of this study (76%) belonged to three major clonal groups, which occurred in at least three hospitals: ST80/CT1065 vanB (n = 45; six hospitals), ST117/CT71 vanB (n = 11; four hospitals) and ST78/CT894like vanA (n = 19; three hospitals). Moreover, isolates of the predominant lineage ST80/CT1065 vanB showed a maximum difference of 36 SNPs as revealed by SNP analysis. Conclusions Whole-genome analysis of VREfm causing nosocomial outbreaks suggests the occurrence of few endemic clonal lineages in Bavarian hospital settings, namely ST80/CT1065 vanB, ST117/CT71 vanB and ST78/CT894like vanA. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the factors affecting the successful spread of the above-mentioned lineages.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oritavancin Dosing Strategies against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolates with or without Reduced Susceptibility to Daptomycin in an In Vitro Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Belley ◽  
Francis F. Arhin ◽  
Greg Moeck
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Model ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Dosing Strategies ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Lipopeptide Antibiotic ◽  
Long Acting

ABSTRACT The clinical development of nonsusceptibility to the lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin remains a serious concern during therapy for infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm). The long-acting lipoglycopeptide oritavancin exhibits potent in vitro activity against VREfm, although its safety and efficacy for treating clinical VREfm infections have not been established. In this study, novel dosing regimens of daptomycin and oritavancin were assessed against both VREfm and daptomycin-nonsusceptible VREfm isolates in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model.

scholarly journals Case Report of a Successful Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Bacteremia and MRSA/Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Cholecystitis by Daptomycin

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 2458-2459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Tascini ◽  
Antonello Di Paolo ◽  
Marialuisa Polillo ◽  
Mauro Ferrari ◽  
Paola Lambelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bile Concentration ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACTA 72-year-old man, receiving 8 mg daptomycin/kg body weight/day for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) bacteremia, was diagnosed with MRSA/vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faecium(VRE) cholecystitis (daptomycin MIC values, 1 and 2 mg/liter, respectively). After the fifth drug dose, the bile concentration of daptomycin was 66 mg/liter 5 min after drug administration, with the biliary concentration/MIC values higher than 30 for both bacterial strains. Therefore, daptomycin achieved therapeutic levels in bile, hence suggesting a role for the drug in the treatment of MRSA/VRE cholecystitis.

scholarly journals Disinfection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Acinetobacter baumannii using Klaran WD array system

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Mariita ◽  
Rajul V. Randive
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are a major burden in healthcare systems. In this study, UVC LEDs emitting radiation from 260 to 270 nm were evaluated for effectiveness in reducing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Acinetobacter baumannii . The array has four WD LEDs, each with 70 mW placed at 7 cm from test organisms. With 11.76 mJ cm−2, the study obtained 99.99% reduction (log10 reduction factor of 4) against MRSA and VRE. For A. baumannii , 9 mJ cm−2 obtained 99.999% reduction (log10 reduction factor of 5). These results present scientific evidence on how effective UVC LEDs can be used in the fight against HAIs.

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