scholarly journals Exploring the Anthropometric, Cardiorespiratory, and Haematological Determinants of Marathon Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Christou ◽  
Efstathios D. Pagourelias ◽  
Asterios P. Deligiannis ◽  
Evangelia J. Kouidi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Haemoglobin Mass ◽  
Marathon Performance

AimWe aimed to investigate the main anthropometric, cardiorespiratory and haematological factors that can determine marathon race performance in marathon runners.MethodsForty-five marathon runners (36 males, age: 42 ± 10 years) were examined during the training period for a marathon race. Assessment of training characteristics, anthropometric measurements, including height, body weight (n = 45) and body fat percentage (BF%) (n = 33), echocardiographic study (n = 45), cardiopulmonary exercise testing using treadmill ergometer (n = 33) and blood test (n = 24) were performed. We evaluated the relationships of these measurements with the personal best marathon race time (MRT) within a time frame of one year before or after the evaluation of each athlete.ResultsThe training age regarding long-distance running was 9 ± 7 years. Training volume was 70 (50–175) km/week. MRT was 4:02:53 ± 00:50:20 h. The MRT was positively associated with BF% (r = 0.587, p = 0.001). Among echocardiographic parameters, MRT correlated negatively with right ventricular end-diastolic area (RVEDA) (r = −0.716, p < 0.001). RVEDA was the only independent echocardiographic predictor of MRT. With regard to respiratory parameters, MRT correlated negatively with maximum minute ventilation indexed to body surface area (VEmax/BSA) (r = −0.509, p = 0.003). Among parameters of blood test, MRT correlated negatively with haemoglobin concentration (r = −0.471, p = 0.027) and estimated haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) (r = −0.680, p = 0.002). After performing multivariate linear regression analysis with MRT as dependent variable and BF% (standardised β = 0.501, p = 0.021), RVEDA (standardised β = −0.633, p = 0.003), VEmax/BSA (standardised β = 0.266, p = 0.303) and Hbmass (standardised β = −0.308, p = 0.066) as independent variables, only BF% and RVEDA were significant independent predictors of MRT (adjusted R2 = 0.796, p < 0.001 for the model).ConclusionsThe main physiological determinants of better marathon performance appear to be low BF% and RV enlargement. Upregulation of both maximum minute ventilation during exercise and haemoglobin mass may have a weaker effect to enhance marathon performance.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04738877.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Adaptations to Four Months Training in Middle-Aged Amateur Long-Distance Skiers

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Grzebisz
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Body Mass Composition ◽  
The Impact

Cross-country skiing has a positive effect on health. However, without an individual, thoughtful, and professional plan, it can cause irreversible health problems from overload and injury. The impact of exercise on results is well understood within the group of professional athletes. However, this remains unknown within the group of amateur cross-country skiers and marathon runners—in particular, the impact of the summer preparation period in which training loads performed in the oxygen zone combined with resistance training dominate. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the cardiovascular capacity and body mass composition of male cross-country skiers in the preparation period of their macrocycle. Variables were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics: mean and standard deviation (SD). To compare the results from both measurements (initial and final) the paired Wilcoxon test was used. A statistically significant increase was noted in maximum oxygen uptake and maximum minute ventilation, and a decrease in body fat content, maximum lactate concentration and lactate threshold, and heart rate on anaerobic threshold. Research indicated that in the amateur group increases similar to those in top competitors were achieved in the parameters tested, but the initial level was often significantly lower.

scholarly journals Cardiac Output and Performance during a Marathon Race in Middle-Aged Recreational Runners

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique L. Billat ◽  
Hélène Petot ◽  
Morgan Landrain ◽  
Renaud Meilland ◽  
Jean Pierre Koralsztein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Cardiac Cost ◽  
Marathon Performance

Purpose. Despite the increasing popularity of marathon running, there are no data on the responses of stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) to exercise in this context. We sought to establish whether marathon performance is associated with the ability to sustain high fractional use of maximal SV and CO (i.e, cardiac endurance) and/or CO, per meter (i.e., cardiac cost).Methods. We measured the SV, heart rate (HR), CO, and running speed of 14 recreational runners in an incremental, maximal laboratory test and then during a real marathon race (mean performance: 3 hr 30 min±45 min).Results. Our data revealed that HR, SV and CO were all in a high but submaximal steady state during the marathon (87.0±1.6%, 77.2±2.6%, and 68.7±2.8% of maximal values, respectively). Marathon performance was inversely correlated with an upward drift in the CO/speed ratio (mL ofCO×m−1) (r=−0.65,P<0.01) and positively correlated with the runner’s ability to complete the race at a high percentage of the speed at maximal SV (r=0.83,P<0.0002).Conclusion. Our results showed that marathon performance is inversely correlated with cardiac cost and positively correlated with cardiac endurance. The CO response could be a benchmark for race performance in recreational marathon runners.

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in COVID-19 patients at 3 months follow-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V De Marzo ◽  
P Clavario ◽  
R Lotti ◽  
C Barbara ◽  
A Porcile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise

Abstract Background Long-term effects of Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and their sustainability are of the utmost relevance. For the chronic phase, the main concerns are the development of pulmonary interstitial disease and/or lingering cardiovascular involvement. How to intercept, assess, and treat these patients with long-term consequences of COVID-19 remains uncertain. Purpose We aimed to determine: 1) functional capacity of COVID-19 survivors by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET); 2) those characteristics associated with CPET performance; 3) safety and tolerability of CPET. Methods We prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 discharged alive at a single hospital in northern Italy. At 3-month from hospital discharge, complete clinical evaluation, trans-thoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), pulmonary function test (PFT), and dominant leg extension (DLE) maximal strength evaluation were performed. Results From 225 patients discharged from March to November 2020 we excluded 12 incomplete/missing cases, and 13 unable to perform CPET leading to a final population of 200 patients. At PFT all median parameters were within normality range. Median percent-predicted peak oxygen uptake (%pVO2) was 88% (78.3–103.1). Ninety-nine (49.5%) patients had %pVO2 below, whereas 101 (50.5%) above the 85% predicted value (indicating normality). Sixteen (16.2%) patients had respiratory, 28 (28.9%) cardiac, 21 (21.2%) mixed-cardiopulmonary, and 34 (34.3%) non-cardiopulmonary limitation of exercise. One-hundred sixty (80.0%) patients complain at least one symptom, without relationship with peakVO2. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in one-second (β=5.29, p=0.023), percent-predicted diffusing capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (β=6.31, p=0.001), and DLE maximal strength (β=14.09, p=0.008) independently associated with peakVO2. At sensitivity analysis, the results of previous multivariate linear regression analysis were also similar among sub-groups of patients with no previous significant disease in anamnesis (cardiovascular disease except for arterial hypertension, respiratory disease, kidney disease, or cancer) and of those with a length of hospital stay ≤7 days. None major event was reported during/after CPET, whereas only two cases (1.0%) had a mild symptomatic hypotension post exercise. None of the involved health professionals developed COVID-19. Conclusions CPET after COVID-19 is safe and about 1/3rd of COVID-19 survivors show functional capacity limitation mainly explained by muscular impairment, calling for future research to identify patients at higher risk of long-term effects that may benefit from careful surveillance and targeted rehabilitation. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Types of mainly CPET limitation Peak VO2 per leg extension strength

scholarly journals The relationship between the atherogenic index of plasma and arterial stiffness in essential hypertensive patients from China: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yin ◽  
Minghui Li ◽  
Lingling Yu ◽  
Feng Hu ◽  
Yu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Abstract Background The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) always remains in a potential association with arterial stiffness, however, this association has not been fully discovered and needs to be studied in depth in large hypertensive patient populations. The present analysis thus sought to further explore the association that exists between AIP and arterial stiffness in Chinese patients diagnosed with arterial hypertension. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 4744 Chinese individuals with essential hypertension. AIP was defined as the base 10 logarithm of the ratio of plasma of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels indicated in molar concentrations. Measurement of arterial stiffness was carried out via brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Results Data were adjusted for potential confounding variables, and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed AIP to be positively correlated with baPWV (β = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.96 to 1.72, P < 0.001). When AIP was instead treated as a categorical variable divided into quartiles, the same relationship was observed (P for trend < 0.001). We additionally found AIP and baPWV had a stronger positive association in individuals with a body mass index (BMI) < 24 kg/m2 (P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion AIP and arterial stiffness were positively correlated in essential hypertension patients in China, especially in those with a BMI < 24 kg/m2. Clinical trial registration ChiCTR1800017274.

The Personal Sociability and Connections Scale (PeSCS): Development and initial assessment at a primary care facility

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402199351
Author(s):  
Emmanouil K Symvoulakis ◽  
Manolis Linardakis ◽  
Apostolos Kamekis ◽  
Myfanwy Morgan ◽  
Spyridon Klinis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: An individual’s lack of social connections and social isolation is often associated with feelings of loneliness which is regarded as having a negative effect on health. This paper describes the development and assessment of a 10 item ‘Personal Sociability and Connections Scale’ (PeSCS) to measure individual’s disposition and accompanying skills to seek out companionship and engage in interpersonal relations. Methods: The study was conducted at a rural primary care unit in Northern Greece. A total of 199 attenders were recruited over a 6-week period in 2020 and questionnaires completed. This informed the 10-items PeSCS that comprises Social, Behavioral, and Emotional components focusing on the expression of social comfort, willingness to share experiences, stories and concepts, and feelings of similarity at first contact. Reliability of the PeSC scale was assessed and the relationship with scale scores examined as an indicator of convergent validity. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship of PeSC scale score with the characteristics of participants. Results: Assessment of reliability of PeSC scale produced a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.809. The relationship between components and the total PeSCS scores identified significant correlations ( p < .001). At a multivariate level, male gender was the sample characteristic with a significant association with scale levels ( p < .05) and higher annual income with Social component ( p < .05). Otherwise the distribution of sociability dispositions was similar across population groups. Conclusion: The 10-item PeSC scale forms a simple and quick to complete measure whose overall reliability was rated as ‘meritorious’. The PeSC instrument may be a useful tool for assessing the causes and appropriate responses to the negative health effects of loneliness and social isolation.

A New Resuscitation Formula Based on Burn Index Provides More Reliable Prediction for Fluid Requirement in Adult Major Burn Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianglin Tan ◽  
Junyi Zhou ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Lili Yuan ◽  
Gaoxing Luo
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Resuscitation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Major Burn ◽  
Fluid Requirement ◽  
Actual Volume

Abstract The Third Military Medical University (TMMU) formula is widely used in fluid resuscitation in China. However, the actual volume needs usually exceed the prediction provided by the TMMU formula in major burn patients with a high proportion of full-thickness burn wounds. This retrospective study included 149 adult major burn patients (≥40% TBSA) who were admitted to the Burn Department, Southwest Hospital from 2014 to 2020 and received appropriate fluid resuscitation by the TMMU protocol. The actual volume infused in the first 48 hours postburn was compared to the estimation by the TMMU formula. A new fluid volume prediction formula was developed by multivariate linear regression analysis. The mean fluid requirements were 2.35 ml/kg/% TBSA and 1.75 ml/kg/% TBSA in the first and second 24 hours postburn, respectively. The TMMU formula underestimated the fluid requirement, and its prediction accuracy was 54.1% and 25.8% for the first and second 24 hours, respectively. The proportion of full-thickness burn wound was found to be associated with the fluid requirements postburn. A revised multifactorial formula consisting of the burn index, body weight, and inhalation injury was developed. Using the revised formula, the prediction reliability of resuscitation fluid volume improved to 65.3% and 61.1% in the first and second 24 hours, respectively. The TMMU formula showed low accuracy in predicting fluid requirements among major burn patients. A revised formula based on burn index was developed to provide better guidance for initiative fluid resuscitation for major burns by the TMMU protocol.

Analysis of the Relationships between Balance Ability and Walking in Terms of Muscle Activities and Lower Limb Kinematics and Kinetics

Biomechanics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-201
Author(s):  
Pathmanathan Cinthuja ◽  
Graham Arnold ◽  
Rami J. Abboud ◽  
Weijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Lower Limb Kinematics ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

There is a lack of evidence about the ways in which balance ability influences the kinematic and kinetic parameters and muscle activities during gait among healthy individuals. The hypothesis is that balance ability would be associated with the lower limb kinematics, kinetics and muscle activities during gait. Twenty-nine healthy volunteers (Age 32.8 ± 9.1; 18 males and 11 females) performed a Star Excursion Balance test to measure their dynamic balance and walked for at least three trials in order to obtain a good quality of data. A Vicon® 3D motion capture system and AMTI® force plates were used for the collection of the movement data. The selected muscle activities were recorded using Delsys® Electromyography (EMG). The EMG activities were compared using the maximum values and root mean squared (RMS) values within the participants. The joint angle, moment, force and power were calculated using a Vicon Plug-in-Gait model. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 23. In the muscle activities, positive linear correlations were found between the walking and balance test in all muscles, e.g., in the multifidus (RMS) (r = 0.800 p < 0.0001), vastus lateralis (RMS) (r = 0.639, p < 0.0001) and tibialis anterior (RMS) (r = 0.539, p < 0.0001). The regression analysis models showed that there was a strong association between balance ability (i.e., reaching distance) and the lower limb muscle activities (i.e., vastus medialis–RMS) (R = 0.885, p < 0.0001), and also between balance ability (i.e., reaching distance) and the lower limb kinematics and kinetics during gait (R = 0.906, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the results showed that vastus medialis (RMS) muscle activity mainly contributes to balance ability, and that balance ability influences the lower limb kinetics and kinematics during gait.

scholarly journals 2011. Reaction of Clinicians to Positive Respiratory Viral Panels in Non-critically Ill Patients Without Bacterial Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S675-S675
Author(s):  
Jason C Gallagher ◽  
Sara Lee ◽  
Leah Rodriguez ◽  
Jacqueline Emily Von Bulow ◽  
Kaede Ota Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Solid Organ

Abstract Background Respiratory viral panels (RVPs) can detect multiple viral pathogens and give clinicians diagnostic confidence to discontinue antibiotics. However, relatively little is known about how these tests influence antibiotic prescribing in hospital settings. Methods This was a 26-month retrospective chart review of patients with positive RVPs. Hospitalized adults receiving antibiotics at the time of the RVP were included. Exclusion criteria were: ICU care, solid-organ transplantation (SOT), positive RVP for influenza, positive bacterial cultures, and antibiotic administration for bacterial infection (e.g., cellulitis). A multivariate linear regression model was created to investigate associations with longer antibiotic use after a positive RVP. Results 1,346 patients were screened and 242 met inclusion criteria. Primary reasons for exclusion were SOT, ICU, and influenza diagnosis. Patients were a median age of 60.5 years [IQR 51,70] and 35.5% were men. The median length of stay (LOS) was 4 days [IQR 3.6]. 233 patients (6.3%) had chest radiology performed, of which 71 (30.4%) had possible pneumonia noted. 50 (20.7%) were immunocompromised (IC). 199 (82.2%) had a history of pulmonary disease, most commonly COPD. Rhinovirus was isolated in 156 patients (64.5%), followed by metapneumovirus (35, 14.9%) and RSV (32, 13.3%). Antibiotics were given for a median total of 3 days [IQR 3.6]; they were discontinued within 24 hours of the RVP result in 107 patients (44.2%). Conclusion In this population of patients with viral infection and no discernable bacterial infection, 44.2% of patients had antibiotics discontinued within 24 hours of RVP results. On multivariate linear regression analysis, younger age, longer LOS, and IC status were associated with longer antibiotic duration after a positive RVP. A comparison with patients with negative RVP results could reveal if the test prompted discontinuation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic evaluation of muscle functional recovery following free functioning gracilis transfer, a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Hou ◽  
Jiantao Yang ◽  
Bengang Qin ◽  
Liqiang Gu ◽  
Jia Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Gracilis Muscle ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Joint Mobility ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Rest State ◽  
Contraction Ratio

Abstract Background Ultrasonic measurement has not been utilized to assess the functional recovery of transplanted muscle. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using B-ultrasound measurement to assess muscle recovery following free functioning gracilis transfer. Methods From January 2009 to January 2014, 35 patients receiving free functioning gracilis transfer to treat total brachial plexus injury were enrolled. B-ultrasound was adopted to determine the cross-sectional area (CSA) of transplanted gracilis muscle at rest and contraction state. The ratio of pre- to post-transplant CSA value at rest state was defined as muscle bulk ratio (MBR). The ratio of CSA value at contraction state to rest state was defined as contraction ratio (CR). Results Patients with muscle strength M ≥ 4 had significantly higher CR1 (post-transplant), CR2 (pre-transplant), and range of motion (ROM, joint mobility) than those with muscle strength M < 4. The CR1 > CR2 group had significantly higher CR1, muscle strength, and ROM than the CR1 ≤ CR2 group. The MBR > 1 group had significantly higher muscle strength than the MBR ≤ 1 group. CR1 value was highly correlated with muscle strength and with ROM. CR2 value was moderately correlated with muscle strength and ROM. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that a higher CR1/CR2 value was associated with a higher muscle strength and joint mobility. The CR1 > CR2 group had better muscle strength and ROM than the CR1 ≤ CR2 groups. Conclusion B-ultrasound measurement can quantitatively reflect muscle strength following gracilis transfer, and CR value could be a potential indicator for functional recovery of the transplanted gracilis muscle. Level of Evidence: Prognostic studies, Level II.

Disturbed lipoprotein composition in non-dialyzed, hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and post-transplant patients with chronic renal failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kimak ◽  
Andrzej Książek ◽  
Janusz Solski
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Lipoprotein Composition

AbstractStudies were carried out in 183 non-dialyzed, 123 hemodialysis, 81 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and 35 post-transplant patients and in 103 healthy subjects as a reference group. Lipids and apolipoprotein (apo)AI and apoB were determined using Roche kits. An anti-apoB antibody was used to separate apoB-containing apoCIII and apoE-triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) in the non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) fraction from apoCIIInonB and apoEnonB in the HDL fraction in four groups of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and healthy subjects. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between triglyceride (TG) or HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and lipoproteins. Dyslipidemia varied according to the degree of renal insufficiency, the type of dialysis and therapy regime in CRF patients. Lipoprotein disturbances were manifested by increased TG, non-HDL-C and TRL concentrations, and decreased HDL-C and apoAI concentrations, whereas post-renal transplant patients showed normalization of lipid and lipoprotein profiles, except for TG levels and total apoCIII and apoCIIInonB. The present study indicates that CRF patients have disturbed lipoprotein composition, and that hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C concentrations in these patients are multifactorial, being secondary to disturbed lipoproteins. The method using anti-apoB antibodies to separate apoB-containing lipoproteins in the non-HDL fraction from non-apoB-containing lipoproteins in HDL can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with progression of renal failure or atherosclerosis. The variability of TG and HDL-C concentrations depends on the variability of TRL and cholesterol-rich lipoprotein concentrations, but the decreases in TG and increases in HDL-C concentrations are caused by apoAI concentration variability. These relationships, however, need to be confirmed in further studies.

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