scholarly journals Applying Geospatial Semantic Array Programming for a Reproducible Set of Bioclimatic Indices in Europe

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Caudullo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Bioclimatic Indices ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Fuzzy Similarity ◽  
Terrain Elevation

Bioclimate-driven regression analysis is a widely used approach for modelling ecological niches and zonation. Although the bioclimatic complexity of the European continent is high, a particular combination of 12 climatic and topographic covariates was recently found able to reliably reproduce the ecological zoning of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for forest resources assessment at pan-European scale, generating the first fuzzy similarity map of FAO ecozones in Europe. The reproducible procedure followed to derive this collection of bioclimatic indices is now presented. It required an integration of data-transformation modules (D-TM) using geospatial tools such as Geographic Information System (GIS) software, and array-based mathematical implementation such as semantic array programming (SemAP). Base variables, intermediate and final covariates are described and semantically defined by providing the workflow of D-TMs and the mathematical formulation following the SemAP notation. Source layers to derive base variables were extracted by exclusively relying on global-scale public open geodata in order for the same set of bioclimatic covariates to be reproducible in any region worldwide. In particular, two freely available datasets were exploited for temperature and precipitation (WorldClim) and elevation (Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data). The working extent covers the European continent to the Urals with a resolution of 30 arc-second. The proposed set of bioclimatic covariates will be made available as open data in the European Forest Data Centre (EFDAC). The forthcoming complete set of D-TM codelets will enable the 12 covariates to be easily reproduced and expanded through free software. .......................................................................................................................This.manuscript.has.been.accepted.for.publication.in IEEE Earthzine 2014 Vol. 7 Issue 2, 2ndquarter theme: Geospatial Semantic Array Programming. The definitive version has been published at: http://www.earthzine.org/?p=877975......................................................................................................................Please,.cite.the.definitive.version.of.the.article.as: Caudullo, G., 2014.Applying Geospatial Semantic Array Programming for a Reproducible Set of Bioclimatic Indices in Europe.IEEE Earthzine 7(2), 877975+. URL http://www.earthzine.org/?p=877975 bioRxiv pre-print doi: 10.1101/009589

scholarly journals Shared socioeconomic pathways for climate change research in Finland: co-developing extended SSP narratives for agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki S. Lehtonen ◽  
Jyrki Aakkula ◽  
Stefan Fronzek ◽  
Janne Helin ◽  
Mikael Hildén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Farm Subsidies

AbstractShared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), developed at global scale, comprise narrative descriptions and quantifications of future world developments that are intended for climate change scenario analysis. However, their extension to national and regional scales can be challenging. Here, we present SSP narratives co-developed with stakeholders for the agriculture and food sector in Finland. These are derived from intensive discussions at a workshop attended by approximately 39 participants offering a range of sectoral perspectives. Using general background descriptions of the SSPs for Europe, facilitated discussions were held in parallel for each of four SSPs reflecting very different contexts for the development of the sector up to 2050 and beyond. Discussions focused on five themes from the perspectives of consumers, producers and policy-makers, included a joint final session and allowed for post-workshop feedback. Results reflect careful sector-based, national-level interpretations of the global SSPs from which we have constructed consensus narratives. Our results also show important critical remarks and minority viewpoints. Interesting features of the Finnish narratives compared to the global SSP narratives include greater emphasis on environmental quality; significant land abandonment in SSPs with reduced livestock production and increased plant-based diets; continued need for some farm subsidies across all SSPs and opportunities for diversifying domestic production under scenarios of restricted trade. Our results can contribute to the development of more detailed national long-term scenarios for food and agriculture that are both relevant for local stakeholders and researchers as well as being consistent with global scenarios being applied internationally.

scholarly journals Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Superparameterized CAM in Response to Warmer SSTs

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (24) ◽  
pp. 9827-9845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Marat F. Khairoutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Cloud Resolving Model ◽  
Cold Extremes

Subdaily temperature and precipitation extremes in response to warmer SSTs are investigated on a global scale using the superparameterized (SP) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), in which a cloud-resolving model is embedded in each CAM grid column to simulate convection explicitly. Two 10-yr simulations have been performed using present climatological sea surface temperature (SST) and perturbed SST climatology derived from the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. Compared with the conventional CAM, SP-CAM simulates colder temperatures and more realistic intensity distribution of precipitation, especially for heavy precipitation. The temperature and precipitation extremes have been defined by the 99th percentile of the 3-hourly data. For temperature, the changes in the warm and cold extremes are generally consistent between CAM and SP-CAM, with larger changes in warm extremes at low latitudes and larger changes in cold extremes at mid-to-high latitudes. For precipitation, CAM predicts a uniform increase of frequency of precipitation extremes regardless of the rain rate, while SP-CAM predicts a monotonic increase of frequency with increasing rain rate and larger change of intensity for heavier precipitation. The changes in 3-hourly and daily temperature extremes are found to be similar; however, the 3-hourly precipitation extremes have a significantly larger change than daily extremes. The Clausius–Clapeyron scaling is found to be a relatively good predictor of zonally averaged changes in precipitation extremes over midlatitudes but not as good over the tropics and subtropics. The changes in precipitable water and large-scale vertical velocity are equally important to explain the changes in precipitation extremes.

The Global Heat Flow Database: a collaborative and fundamental revision process to ensure comprehensible and reliable heat-flow records

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Fuchs ◽  
Graeme Beardsmore ◽  
Paolo Chiozzi ◽  
Orlando Miguel Espinoza-Ojeda ◽  
Gianluca Gola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
International Association ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
External Data

<p>The compilation of global heat-flow data is currently under major revision by the International Heat Flow Commission (IHFC) of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI). Heat flow represents a fundamental parameter in thermal studies, e.g., the evolution of hydrocarbons or mineral and geothermal resources. Comparable, comprehensible and reliable heat-flow data are of utmost interest also for geophysical and geological studies on the global scale. Here, we present the first results of a stepwise revision of the IHFC Global Heat Flow Database based on a researcher driven, collaborative approach. The first step comprises the review and revision of the most recent database structure established in 1976. The revised structure of the Global Heat Flow Database considers the demands and opportunities presented by the evolution of scientific work, digitization and the breakthroughs in database technologies over the past decades.  Based on the new structure, the existing dataset will be re-assessed and new data incorporated. By supporting the ideas of FAIR and open data principles, the new database facilitates interoperability with external data services, like DOI and IGSN numbers, and other data resources (e.g., world geological map, world stratigraphic system, and International Ocean Drilling Program data). We give an overview of the new database and introduce the community workflow of global heat-flow data revision.</p>

scholarly journals Accuracy Assessment of GEDI Terrain Elevation and Canopy Height Estimates in European Temperate Forests: Influence of Environmental and Acquisition Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3948
Author(s):  
Markus Adam ◽  
Mikhail Urbazaev ◽  
Clémence Dubois ◽  
Christiane Schmullius
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Vegetation Height ◽  
Height Estimates ◽  
Terrain Elevation

Lidar remote sensing has proven to be a powerful tool for estimating ground elevation, canopy height, and additional vegetation parameters, which in turn are valuable information for the investigation of ecosystems. Spaceborne lidar systems, like the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), can deliver these height estimates on a near global scale. This paper analyzes the accuracy of the first version of GEDI ground elevation and canopy height estimates in two study areas with temperate forests in the Free State of Thuringia, central Germany. Digital terrain and canopy height models derived from airborne laser scanning data are used as reference heights. The influence of various environmental and acquisition parameters (e.g., canopy cover, terrain slope, beam type) on GEDI height metrics is assessed. The results show a consistently high accuracy of GEDI ground elevation estimates under most conditions, except for areas with steep slopes. GEDI canopy height estimates are less accurate and show a bigger influence of some of the included parameters, specifically slope, vegetation height, and beam sensitivity. A number of relatively high outliers (around 9–13% of the measurements) is present in both ground elevation and canopy height estimates, reducing the estimation precision. Still, it can be concluded that GEDI height metrics show promising results and have potential to be used as a basis for further investigations.

scholarly journals Global Open Data Remote Sensing Satellite Missions for Land Monitoring and Conservation: A Review

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorijan Radočaj ◽  
Jasmina Obhođaš ◽  
Mladen Jurišić ◽  
Mateo Gašparović
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Remote Sensing Satellite ◽  
Satellite Missions ◽  
Scientific Research Articles ◽  
Elevation Model

The application of global open data remote sensing satellite missions in land monitoring and conservation studies is in the state of rapid growth, ensuring an observation with high spatial and spectral resolution over large areas. The purpose of this study was to provide a review of the most important global open data remote sensing satellite missions, current state-of-the-art processing methods and applications in land monitoring and conservation studies. Multispectral (Landsat, Sentinel-2, and MODIS), radar (Sentinel-1), and digital elevation model missions (SRTM, ASTER) were analyzed, as the most often used global open data satellite missions, according to the number of scientific research articles published in Web of Science database. Processing methods of these missions’ data consisting of image preprocessing, spectral indices, image classification methods, and modelling of terrain topographic parameters were analyzed and demonstrated. Possibilities of their application in land cover, land suitability, vegetation monitoring, and natural disaster management were evaluated, having high potential in broad use worldwide. Availability of free and complementary satellite missions, as well as the open-source software, ensures the basis of effective and sustainable land use management, with the prerequisite of the more extensive knowledge and expertise gathering at a global scale.

scholarly journals Tree Cover Estimation in Global Drylands from Space Using Deep Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Guirado ◽  
Domingo Alcaraz-Segura ◽  
Javier Cabello ◽  
Sergio Puertas-Ruíz ◽  
Francisco Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Cover ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
System Modelling ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Cost

Accurate tree cover mapping is of paramount importance in many fields, from biodiversity conservation to carbon stock estimation, ecohydrology, erosion control, or Earth system modelling. Despite this importance, there is still uncertainty about global forest cover, particularly in drylands. Recently, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) conducted a costly global assessment of dryland forest cover through the visual interpretation of orthoimages using the Collect Earth software, involving hundreds of operators from around the world. Our study proposes a new automatic method for estimating tree cover using artificial intelligence and free orthoimages. Our results show that our tree cover classification model, based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), is 23% more accurate than the manual visual interpretation used by FAO, reaching up to 79% overall accuracy. The smallest differences between the two methods occurred in the driest regions, but disagreement increased with the percentage of tree cover. The application of CNNs could be used to improve and reduce the cost of tree cover maps from the local to the global scale, with broad implications for research and management.

scholarly journals Predicting groundwater recharge for varying landcover and climate conditions: – a global meta-study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinchu Mohan ◽  
Andrew W. Western ◽  
Yongping Wei ◽  
Margarita Saft
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Groundwater Potential ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Water Scarce

Abstract. Groundwater recharge is one of the important factors determining the groundwater development potential of an area. Even though recharge plays a key role in controlling groundwater system dynamics, much uncertainty remains regarding the relationships between groundwater recharge and its governing factors at a large scale. The aims of this study were to identify the most influential factors on groundwater recharge, and to develop an empirical model to estimate diffuse rainfall recharge at a global-scale. Recharge estimates reported in the literature from various parts of the world (715 sites) were compiled and used in model building and testing exercises. Unlike conventional recharge estimates from water balance, this study used a multimodel inference approach and information theory to explain the relation between groundwater recharge and influential factors, and to predict groundwater recharge at 0.50 resolution. The results show that meteorological factors (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) and vegetation factors (land use and land cover) had the most predictive power for recharge. According to the model, long term global average annual recharge (1981–2014) was 134 mm/yr with a prediction error ranging from −8 mm/yr to 10 mm/yr for 97.2 % of cases. The recharge estimates presented in this study are unique and more reliable than the existing global groundwater recharge estimates because of the extensive validation carried out using both independent local estimates collated from the literature and national statistics from Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). In a water scarce future driven by increased anthropogenic development, the results from this study will aid in making informed decision about groundwater potential at a large scale.

scholarly journals Cross-border dissemination of lumpy skin disease: risc analysis for Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (88) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Kisera ◽  
Yu. G. Storchak ◽  
L. Ya. Bozhyk
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking

National biosecurity is a system of organizational and technical measures that help protect humans, animals and the environment from potential and actual biological threats. That is why analysis of the main hazardous biological sources for humans and animals has been carried out. The influence of climate change on the animals’ welfare as well as their predisposition to the deferred type tendency is proved. The prevalence of vector diseases of animals, mycoses and mycotoxicoses, which can manifest themselves in the form of such emergencies as outbreaks of exotic diseases, large-scale epizootics, a sharp increase of the incidence of endemic diseases, etc., are of both ecological and biological danger. Contagious vesicular (nodular) dermatitis (Lumpy skin disease, LSD) is caused by the virus belonging to the genus Capripoxvirus, the Poxviridae family and affects mainly cattle and buffaloes. The virus is distributed mainly by means of mechanical carriers (species of Stomoxys spp. and other flies). Global warming on the European continent facilitates the migration of blood-sucking insects that are carriers of vector diseases. As a result, the insects occupy new ecological niches adapting to the new biocenoses. A poorly controlled movement of large numbers of livestock also creates a risk of disease spreading. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has identified LSD as highly dangerous illnesses subject to notification. The focus is made on policies dealing with the control and eradication of contagious nodular dermatitis in case of its detection. The spread of LSD can be prevented through the introduction of biosafety measures at the farm level and the introduction of restrictions on the movement of infection-susceptible animals and goods from the infected territories. Vaccination is the most effective disease control tool in endemic areas. LSD control and elimination policy in case of disease detection includes sanitary slaughter (stamping-out) of infected animals – a complex of antiepizootic measures that carry out by direction  of the chief state inspector, including the slaughter of sick and infected animals of the herd, and if necessary, animals of another herd that could lead before the transmission of a pathogenic agent – the pathogen of contagious nodular dermatitis of cattle. All animals, that are susceptible to the disease, whether vaccinated or not, are clogged and their carcasses are destroyed by burning, burial with the guarantee of preventing the spread of infection through carcasses or other products of dead animals. Emergency control of outbreaks envisages the ring vaccination of buffer zones within 25–50 km from infected areas, as well as foundation of temporary or permanent slaughter places in the infected areas. Sufficient herd immunity must be created and maintained within large territories both around the infected area and at the borders with infected countries. Such immunity is achieved when 80% of the herd is covered by vaccination.

Food Regimes

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
World Systems Theory ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Food Regimes ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Changing Role

A major challenge for food scholars is how they can explain the evolution of a global food system where distant social actors, ecologies, and places have complex, and often contradictory, relations. In particular, scholars face the difficult task of providing an account of food system change that is at once theoretically sophisticated, historically grounded, and holistic in its perspective. A leading example of this type of approach is food regimes analysis, which is anchored in historical political economy. The food regimes approach views agriculture and food in relation to the development of capitalism on a global scale, and argues that social change is brought about by struggles among social movements, capital, and states. The concept of food regimes was introduced by Harriet Friedmann and Philip McMichael in an article in which they addressed the changing role of food and agriculture in the development of global capitalism since 1870. Food regimes analysis combines two strands of macro-sociological theory: regulationism and world-systems theory. This article examines the theoretical, empirical, and methodological contributions of food regimes analysis, and looks at some of the latest developments in food regime theorizing and research.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Current State of Linked and Open Data in Cataloging

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Shah Khusro ◽  
Asim Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Naeem
Keyword(s):  
Open Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Linked Open Data ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Library Community ◽  
Current State ◽  
Holistic Review ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

Linked Open Data (LOD) is a core Semantic Web technology that makes knowledge and information spaces of different knowledge domains manageable, reusable, shareable, exchangeable, and interoperable. The LOD approach achieves this through the provision of services for describing, indexing, organizing, and retrievingknowledge artifacts and making them available for quick consumption and publication. Thisis also alignedwith the role and objective of traditional library cataloging. Owing to this link, majorlibraries of the world are transferring their bibliographic metadata to the LOD landscape. Some developments in this direction include the replacement of Anglo-American Cataloging Rules 2nd Edition by the Resource Description and Access (RDA) and the trend towards the wideradoption of BIBFRAME 2.0. An interestingand related development in this respect arethe discussions among knowledge resources managers and library community on the possibility of enriching bibliographic metadata with socially curated or user-generated content. The popularity of Linked Open Data and its benefit to librarians and knowledge management professionals warrant a comprehensive survey of the subject. Althoughseveral reviews and survey articles on the application of Linked Data principles to cataloging have appeared in literature, a generic yet holistic review of the current state of Linked and Open Data in cataloging is missing. To fill the gap, the authors have collected recent literature (2014–18) on the current state of Linked Open Data in cataloging to identify research trends, challenges, and opportunities in this area and, in addition, to understand the potential of socially curated metadata in cataloging mainlyin the realm of the Web of Data. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review article is the first of its kind that holistically treats the subject of cataloging in the Linked and Open Data environment. Some of the findings of the review are: Linked and Open Data is becoming the mainstream trend in library cataloging especially in the major libraries and research projects of the world; with the emergence of Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV), the bibliographic metadata is becoming more meaningful and reusable; and, finally, enriching bibliographic metadata with user-generated content is gaining momentum.Conclusions drawn from the study include the need for a focus on the quality of catalogued knowledge and the reduction of the barriers to the publication and consumption of such knowledge, and the attention on the part of library community to the learning from the successful adoption of LOD in other application domains and contributing collaboratively to the global scale activity of cataloging.

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