scholarly journals Brain Transcriptional Profiles of Male Alternative Reproductive Tactics and Females in Bluegill Sunfish

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlyn G. Partridge ◽  
Matthew D. MacManes ◽  
Rosemary Knapp ◽  
Bryan D. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Ampa Receptors ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Brain Transcriptome ◽  
Responsive Element

AbstractBluegill sunfish are one of the classic systems for studying male alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) in teleost fishes. In this species, there are two distinct life histories: parental and cuckolder, encompassing three reproductive tactics, parental, satellite, and sneaker. The parental life history is fixed, whereas individuals who enter the cuckolder life history transition from the sneaker to the satellite tactic as they grow. For this study, we used RNAseq to characterize the brain transcriptome of the three male tactics and females during spawning to identify gene categories associated with each tactic and identify potential candidate genes influencing their different spawning behaviors. We found that sneaker males had higher levels of gene differentiation compared to the other two male tactics. Sneaker males also had high expression in ionotropic glutamate receptor genes, specifically AMPA receptors, which may be important for increased working spatial memory while attempting to cuckold parental males at their nests. Larger differences in gene expression also occurred among male tactics than between males and females. We found significant expression differences in several candidate genes that were previously identified in other species with ARTs and suggest a previously undescribed role for cAMP-responsive element modulator (crem) in influencing parental male behaviors during spawning.

scholarly journals Environmental Influence on Life-History Traits in Male Squid Uroteuthis Edulis With Alternative Reproductive Tactics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumeng Pang ◽  
Chih-Shin Chen ◽  
Tomohiko Kawamura ◽  
Yoko Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Somatic Energy

Abstract Squid are characterized by flexible life-history traits (LHTs) that change in response to changing oceanic parameters. Male alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs), characterized by large-sized ‘consorts’ versus small-sized ‘sneakers’, are commonly observed in loliginid species. This study reports on LHTs flexibility in male squids displaying ARTs. LHTs of consorts and sneakers in Uroteuthis edulis, including body size, age, growth rate and gonado-somatic energy allocation, were compared among seasonal and geographical groups from Japan and Taiwan. The ratio of consorts to sneakers was highest in the group spawning in the ‘Japan-warm’ season (June-November), followed by that of the ‘Japan-cold’ season (December-May), and lowest in Taiwan (spring and autumn). LHTs were compared among cohorts separated by hatching season and catch location (Jwarm, Jcold and Taiwan cohorts). Mean body size of consorts showed no difference among cohorts, although Taiwan consorts were relatively younger than Japan consorts. Mean size and age of sneakers decreased with increased water temperature at hatching. Growth rates of consorts and sneakers were slightly different among cohorts, in accordance with differences of statolith increment widths during their early life stage (50-150 d). Growth rates of both consorts and sneakers were highest in the Taiwan cohort, followed by the Jwarm cohort, with the Jcold cohort lowest. Sneakers invested more both in mantle and gonadal weights than consorts in all cohorts. Gonado-somatic energy allocation patterns of consorts and sneakers were consistent at different temperatures. LHTs of U. edulis consorts and sneakers were strongly influenced by temperature, with higher flexibility in sneakers than consorts.

scholarly journals Brain Transcriptional Profiles of Male Alternative Reproductive Tactics and Females in Bluegill Sunfish

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0167509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlyn G. Partridge ◽  
Matthew D. MacManes ◽  
Rosemary Knapp ◽  
Bryan D. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Transcriptional Profiles

Alternative reproductive tactics, an overlooked source of life history variation in the invasive round goby

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 1562-1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin S. McCallum ◽  
Aneesh P.H. Bose ◽  
Naylor Lobban ◽  
Julie R. Marentette ◽  
Harri Pettitt-Wade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Round Goby ◽  
Neogobius Melanostomus ◽  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Isotopic Niche ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diet Analyses

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) can generate considerable within-species life history variation but are often overlooked. Here, we use the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) to address a number of ecological and evolutionary questions about ARTs. Making use of a 12-year, multisite Laurentian Great Lakes data set, we show that the guarder male tactic was twice as common as the sneaker male tactic but that nonreproductive males were the most common morph. The ratio of guarder to sneaker males did not vary spatially despite a wide range of resource densities across sites. Guarders and sneakers spanned similar age ranges, suggesting that the ARTs are nonsequentially expressed. Based on short-term (gut contents) diet analyses, both reproductive tactics consumed fewer types of food and tended to consume fewer items overall when compared with nonreproductive males. Long-term (isotope) diet analyses showed that guarder males fed at a higher trophic level (higher δ15N) and had a broader isotopic niche. Our results show that ARTs are an important aspect of this invasive species’ breeding system and should be accounted for when assessing and managing populations.

scholarly journals Immunoecology of species with alternative reproductive tactics and strategies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lozano ◽  
A. F. H. Ros
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Sexual Competition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological Profiles ◽  
Handicap Hypothesis ◽  
The Many ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Cost

AbstractAlternative reproductive tactics and strategies (ARTS) refer to polymorphic reproductive behaviours in which in addition to the usual two sexes, there are one or more alternative morphs, usually male, that have evolved the ability to circumvent direct intra-sexual competition. Each morph has unique morphological, ecological, developmental, behavioural, life-history, and physiological profiles that shift the balance between reproduction and self-maintenance, one aspect being immunity. Immunoecological work on species with ARTS, which is the topic of this review, is particularly interesting because the alternative morphs make it possible to separate the effects of sex, per se, from other factors that in other species are inextricably linked with sex. We first summarize the evolution, development and maintenance of ARTS. We then review the main immunoecological hypotheses relevant to species with ARTS, dividing them into physiological, life-history, and ecological hypotheses. In context of these hypotheses, we critically review in detail all immunoecological studies we could find on species with ARTS. Several interesting patterns emerge. Oddly, there is a paucity of studies on insects, despite the many benefits that arise from working with insects: larger sample sizes, simple immune systems, and countless forms of alternative reproductive strategies and tactics. Of all the hypotheses reviewed, the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis and its derivatives have generated the greatest amount of work, but not necessarily the greatest level of understanding. Generally, greater understanding would occur if hypotheses and predictions were always explicitly articulated and several hypotheses with mutually exclusive predictions are addressed simultaneously. Integration has been a one-way street, with ecologists delving deeper into physiology, seemingly at the cost of ignoring their organisms’ evolutionary history and ecology. One possible useful framework is to divide ecological and evolutionary factors affecting immunity into those that stimulate the immune system, and those that depress it. Finally, the contributions of genomics to ecology are being increasingly recognized, including in species with ARTS, but we must ensure that evolutionary and ecological hypotheses drive the effort. There is no grandeur in the strict reductionist view of life.

Life histories of anadromous salmon males reveal a trade-off between primary and secondary sexual traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
Tomislav Vladić ◽  
Torbjörn Järvi ◽  
Erik Petersson
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Secondary Sexual Traits ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Male Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Sexual Traits ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Abstract The life-history trade-off between investment in somatic growth and gonadal tissue is caused by individual energy limitations and results in individuals that adopt specific tactics to achieve reproduction. Allocation in primary and secondary sexual traits in Atlantic salmon males was studied by assessing life history traits (smolt size, sea age, growth rate) based on back-calculation of scales, ejaculate energy content (sperm ATP content, mass and density) and the size of secondary sexual traits. We found that males investing less in secondary sexual traits produce ejaculates with a higher energy content. Differences were found in the investment into primary and secondary sexual traits between fish that spent one year in the sea before returning to their spawning grounds (grilse) and multi-sea-winter adults, suggesting that different energy allocation patterns in reproductive effort reflect alternative developmental pathways. These findings are consistent with the pattern where multi-sea-winter male ejaculate investment relies principally on the resource acquisition in the ocean, whereas grilse ejaculate investment relies chiefly on the resource allocation of available surplus energy, thus representing alternative male reproductive tactics.

scholarly journals A comparative study of differential selection pressure over the nesting cycle in birds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen F. Wagner ◽  
Szymon Marian Drobniak ◽  
Michael Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Reproductive Allocation ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Species Specific

Reproductive allocation varies greatly across species and is determined by their life-history and ecology. This variation is usually assessed as the number of eggs or propagules (hereafter: fecundity). However, in species with parental care, individuals face trade-offs that affect the allocation of resources among the stages of reproduction as well as to reproduction as a whole. Thus, it is critical to look beyond fecundity to understand the evolution of life-histories and how investment into different reproductive components interact with each other. Here we assessed the influence of species-specific traits and ecological factors on interspecific variation in reproductive performance at each nesting stage of 72 avian populations. Annual productivity was unrelated to annual fecundity. Annual fecundity correlated positively with a fast life-history pace, precociality and non-migratory habits, but these traits were unrelated to reproductive success. Rather, the breeding ecology of a species determined productivity at each stage of nesting, but did not influence fecundity. These results challenge prevailing theory and emphasize that conclusions of interspecific variation in fitness based on numbers of eggs may be equivocal. Moreover, parental decisions regarding reproductive allocation face diverse constraints at different stages of reproduction, influencing the evolution of reproductive tactics in species with parental care.

Hormones and Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Maren N. Vitousek ◽  
Laura A. Schoenle
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
And Behavior

Hormones mediate the expression of life history traits—phenotypic traits that contribute to lifetime fitness (i.e., reproductive timing, growth rate, number and size of offspring). The endocrine system shapes phenotype by organizing tissues during developmental periods and by activating changes in behavior, physiology, and morphology in response to varying physical and social environments. Because hormones can simultaneously regulate many traits (hormonal pleiotropy), they are important mediators of life history trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and survival. This chapter reviews the role of hormones in shaping life histories with an emphasis on developmental plasticity and reversible flexibility in endocrine and life history traits. It also discusses the advantages of studying hormone–behavior interactions from an evolutionary perspective. Recent research in evolutionary endocrinology has provided insight into the heritability of endocrine traits, how selection on hormone systems may influence the evolution of life histories, and the role of hormonal pleiotropy in driving or constraining evolution.

scholarly journals Loss of park7 activity has differential effects on expression of iron responsive element (IRE) gene sets in the brain transcriptome in a zebrafish model of Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yung Chin ◽  
Michael Lardelli ◽  
Lyndsey Collins-Praino ◽  
Karissa Barthelson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Iron Responsive Element ◽  
Brain Transcriptome ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway ◽  
Responsive Element

AbstractMutation of the gene PARK7 (DJ1) causes monogenic autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD) in humans. Subsequent alterations of PARK7 protein function lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, a major element in PD pathology. Homozygous mutants for the PARK7-orthologous genes in zebrafish, park7, show changes to gene expression in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, supporting that disruption of energy production is a key feature of neurodegeneration in PD. Iron is critical for normal mitochondrial function, and we have previously used bioinformatic analysis of IRE-bearing transcripts in brain transcriptomes to find evidence supporting the existence of iron dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we analysed IRE-bearing transcripts in the transcriptome data from homozygous park7−/− mutant zebrafish brains. We found that the set of genes with “high quality” IREs in their 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs, the HQ5′IRE gene set) was significantly altered in these 4-month-old park7−/− brains. However, sets of genes with IREs in their 3′ UTRs appeared unaffected. The effects on HQ5′IRE genes are possibly driven by iron dyshomeostasis and/or oxidative stress, but illuminate the existence of currently unknown mechanisms with differential overall effects on 5′ and 3′ IREs.

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