scholarly journals The Deceptively Simple N170 Reflects Network Information Processing Mechanisms Involving Visual Feature Coding and Transfer Across Hemispheres

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin A. A. Ince ◽  
Kasia Jaworska ◽  
Joachim Gross ◽  
Stefano Panzeri ◽  
Nicola J. van Rijsbergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Face Features ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Processing Network

A key to understanding visual cognition is to determine where, when and how brain responses reflect the processing of the specific visual features that modulate categorization behavior - the what. The N170 is the earliest Event-Related Potential (ERP) that preferentially responds to faces. Here, we demonstrate that a paradigmatic shift is necessary to interpret the N170 as the product of an information processing network that dynamically codes and transfers face features across hemispheres, rather than as a local stimulus-driven event. Reverse-correlation methods coupled with information-theoretic analyses revealed that visibility of the eyes influences face detection behavior. The N170 initially reflects coding of the behaviorally relevant eye contra-lateral to the sensor, followed by a causal communication of the other eye from the other hemisphere. These findings demonstrate that the deceptively simple N170 ERP hides a complex network information processing mechanism involving initial coding and subsequent cross-hemispheric transfer of visual features.

Weight to Vision Neural Network Information Processing Influence Research

2012 ◽  
Vol 605-607 ◽  
pp. 2131-2136
Author(s):  
Chun Hua Yin ◽  
Jia Wei Chen ◽  
Lei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Network Information ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Weight Distributions

Many factors influence vision neural network information processing process, for example: Signal initial value, weight, time and number of learning. This paper discussed the importance of weight in vision neural network information processing process. Different weight values can cause different results in neural networks learning. We structure a vision neural network model with three layers based on synapse dynamics at first. Then we change the weights of the vision neural network model’s to make the three layers a neural network of learning Chinese characters. At last we change the initial weight distribution to simulate the neural network of process of the learning Chinese words. Two results are produced. One is that weight plays a very important role in vision neural networks learning, the other is that different initial weight distributions have different results in vision neural networks learning.

scholarly journals Entropy, the Information Processing Cycle, and the Forecasting of Bull and Bear Market Peaks and Troughs

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Edgar Parker
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Yield Curve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Systems ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Bear Market ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Financial Cycles ◽  
Processing Cycle

Many econophysics applications have modeled financial systems as if they were pure physical systems devoid of human limitations and errors. On the other hand, traditional financial theory has ignored limits that physics would impose on human interactions, communications, and computational abilities. The entropic yield curve blends the physical and human financial worlds in a new, powerful, and surprisingly simple way. This article uses this information theoretic perspective to provide a new explanation of the dynamics and timing of financial cycles. Additionally, the entropic yield curve offers a new method of forecasting market peaks and troughs.

scholarly journals The Deceptively Simple N170 Reflects Network Information Processing Mechanisms Involving Visual Feature Coding and Transfer Across Hemispheres

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 4123-4135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin A. A. Ince ◽  
Katarzyna Jaworska ◽  
Joachim Gross ◽  
Stefano Panzeri ◽  
Nicola J. van Rijsbergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Feature ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Does Performing Other Audit Tasks Affect Going-Concern Judgments?

1999 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Rau ◽  
Donald V. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Going Concern ◽  
Staff Members

This study examines whether personally performing other audit tasks can bias supervising seniors' going-concern judgments. During an audit, the senior performs some audit tasks him/herself and delegates other tasks to staff members. When personally performing an audit task, the senior would focus on the evidence related to that task. We predict that such evidence will have greater influence on the senior's subsequent going-concern judgment. The results of our experiment are consistent with our predictions. When provided with an identical set of information, seniors who performed another audit task for which the underlying facts of the case reflected positively (negatively) on the company's viability, subsequently made going-concern judgments that were relatively more positive (negative). Our results also demonstrate that the well-documented tendency of auditors to attend more to negative information does not always dominate auditors' information processing. Subjects who performed the task for which the underlying facts reflected positively on the company's viability directed their attention to such positive information and, consequently, both their memory and judgments were more positive than those of subjects in the other conditions. Recent findings indicating that biases in seniors' going-concern judgments may not be fully offset in the review process are discussed along with other potential implications of our results.

Efficiency, Sufficiency, and Optimality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Golan
Keyword(s):  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information Compression ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Conditional Limit Theorem ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Conditional Limit

In this chapter I provide additional rationalization for using the info-metrics framework. This time the justifications are in terms of the statistical, mathematical, and information-theoretic properties of the formalism. Specifically, in this chapter I discuss optimality, statistical and computational efficiency, sufficiency, the concentration theorem, the conditional limit theorem, and the concept of information compression. These properties, together with the other properties and measures developed in earlier chapters, provide logical, mathematical, and statistical justifications for employing the info-metrics framework.

Deutsch als schwächere Sprache bei deutsch-polnisch bilingualen Kindern: Studie zur Negation- und Verbstellung

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-297
Author(s):  
Aldona Sopata ◽  
Kamil Długosz
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Language Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Development Characteristic ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Constrained Input

AbstractThis article examines the acquisition of German as the weaker language in the cases of German-Polish bilingual children. Focusing on negation and verb position, phenomena that have frequently been taken as diagnostic when distinguishing between the course of language development characteristic for first (L1) and second language acquisition (L2), we analyse experimental and productive data from six simultaneously bilingual children. Due to the constrained input, German is their weaker language. The results in Forced Choice and Grammaticality Judgements tasks are compared with the results of monolingual children. We show that in the area of negation the acquisition of German as the weaker language resembles L1, and in the area of inversion and verb final position the development of the weaker language is delayed. The striking difference between bilinguals’ results in the experimental vs. productive tasks points to specific processing mechanisms in bilingual language use. In narrative contexts of the production tasks the language of the performance is activated, while the other is inhibited, which leads to a target-like performance. Structural properties of the stronger language tend to be activated, however, in the experimental tasks involving the weaker language, resulting in non-target-like responses.

scholarly journals New Inequalities between Information Measures of Network Information Content

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelimon-George Popescu ◽  
Florin Pop ◽  
Alexandru Herişanu ◽  
Nicolae Ţăpuş
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Discrete Case ◽  
Network Information ◽  
Information Inequalities ◽  
Information Measures ◽  
New Inequalities

We refine a classical logarithmic inequality using a discrete case of Bernoulli inequality, and then we refine furthermore two information inequalities between information measures for graphs, based on information functionals, presented by Dehmer and Mowshowitz in (2010) as Theorems 4.7 and 4.8. The inequalities refer to entropy-based measures of network information content and have a great impact for information processing in complex networks (a subarea of research in modeling of complex systems).

Evoked Potentials by Letters in Printed and Script Forms

1984 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Mecacci ◽  
Dario Salmaso
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potentials ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Amplitude Component ◽  
Male Subjects

Visual evoked potentials were recorded for 6 adult male subjects in response to single vowels and consonants in printed and script forms. Analysis showed the vowels in the printed form to have evoked responses with shorter latency (component P1 at about 133 msec.) and larger amplitude (component P1-N1) than the other letter-typeface combinations. No hemispheric asymmetries were found. The results partially agree with the behavioral data on the visual information-processing of letters.

scholarly journals The Effects of Major Depressive Disorder on the Sequential Organization of Information Processing Stages: An Event-Related Potential Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu ◽  
Ken Chung ◽  
Ho Hon Wong ◽  
Michael Gar Chung Yiu ◽  
Yat Fung Mok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Processing Strategy ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Community Functioning ◽  
Sequential Organization

The adverse effects of depression on patients’ life have been reported but information about its effects on the sequential organization of the information processing stages remains poorly understood as previous studies focused only on distinct stages. This study adds to existing knowledge by examining the effect of major depressive disorder (MDD) on the sequential organization of information processing, executive and community functioning. Fifty-seven participants with 19 participants each for first episode depression (FMDD), recurrent episodes depression (RMDD), and healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. They completed assessments on executive and community functioning measures, and choice reaction time task (CRTT) for the event-related potential (ERP) data. Findings revealed no significant between-group difference in executive functioning but participants with depression (FMDD and RMDD) were found to be more depressed, with FMDD participants having worse community functioning skills compared with HCs. There was no significant between-group main effect on behavioral data. ERP data showed significantly less positive-going P3b among RMDD participants compared with HCs. FMDD participants used a different information processing strategy at P1, while HCs and RMDD participants used a different processing strategy at N2b compared with the other group(s), respectively. The results suggest the use of multifaceted assessment to get a holistic view of the health status of people with MDD in order to inform clinicians on the appropriate interventional strategies needed for the patient.

scholarly journals Posttraining Sleep Enhances Automaticity in Perceptual Discrimination

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Atienza ◽  
Jose L. Cantero ◽  
Robert Stickgold
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Perceptual Discrimination ◽  
Voluntary Attention ◽  
Auditory Learning ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
Related Potentials

Perceptual learning can develop over extended periods, with slow, at times sleep-dependent, improvement seen several days after training. As a result, performance can become more automatic, that is, less dependent on voluntary attention. This study investigates whether the brain correlates of this enhancement of automaticity are sleep-dependent. Event-related potentials produced in response to complex auditory stimuli were recorded while subjects' attention was focused elsewhere. We report here that following training on an auditory discrimination task, performance continued to improve, without significant further training, for 72 hr. At the same time, several event-related potential components became evident 48–72 hr after training. Posttraining sleep deprivation prevented neither the continued performance improvement nor the slow development of cortical dynamics related to an enhanced familiarity with the task. However, those brain responses associated with the automatic shift of attention to unexpected stimuli failed to develop. Thus, in this auditory learning paradigm, posttraining sleep appears to reduce the voluntary attentional effort required for successful perceptual discrimination by facilitating the intrusion of a potentially meaningful stimulus into one's focus of attention for further evaluation.

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