scholarly journals Interacting Learning Processes during Skill Acquisition: Learning to control with gradually changing system dynamics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Ludolph ◽  
Martin A. Giese ◽  
Winfried Ilg
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Gravity Level ◽  
Gradual Group ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Specific Learning

ABSTRACTThere is increasing evidence that sensorimotor learning under real-life conditions relies on a composition of several learning processes. Nevertheless, most studies examine learning behaviour in relation to one specific learning mechanism. In this study, we examined the interaction between reward-based skill acquisition and motor adaptation to changes of object dynamics. Thirty healthy subjects, split into two groups, acquired the skill of balancing a pole on a cart in virtual reality. In one group, we gradually increased the gravity, making the task easier in the beginning and more difficult towards the end. In the second group, subjects had to acquire the skill on the maximum, most difficult gravity level. We hypothesized that the gradual increase in gravity during skill acquisition supports learning despite the necessary adjustments to changes in cart-pole dynamics. We found that the gradual group benefits from the slow increment, although overall improvement was interrupted by the changes in gravity and resulting system dynamics, which caused short-term degradations in performance and timing of actions. In conclusion, our results deliver evidence for an interaction of reward-based skill acquisition and motor adaptation processes, which indicates the importance of both processes for the development of optimized skill acquisition schedules.

scholarly journals Calculators as Facilitators of Understanding Computational and Mathematical Contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Jan Guncaga ◽  
Lilla Korenova ◽  
Jozef Hvorecky
Keyword(s):  
Soft Skills ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Learning To Learn ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractLearning is a complex phenomenon. Contemporary theories of education underline active participation of learners in their learning processes. One of the key arguments supporting this approach is the learner’s simultaneous and unconscious development of their ability of “learning to learn”. This ability belongs to the soft skills highly valued by employers today.For Mathematics Education, it means that teachers have to go beyond making calculations and memorizing formulas. We have to teach the subject in its social context. When the students start understanding the relationship between real-life problems and the role of numbers and formulas for their solutions, their learning becomes a part of their tacit knowledge. Below we explain the theoretical background of our approach and provide examples of such activities.

scholarly journals Novel Neonatal Simulator Provides High-Fidelity Ventilation Training Comparable to Real-Life Newborn Ventilation

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Joanna Haynes ◽  
Peder Bjorland ◽  
Øystein Gomo ◽  
Anastasia Ushakova ◽  
Siren Rettedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Face mask ventilation of apnoeic neonates is an essential skill. However, many non-paediatric healthcare personnel (HCP) in high-resource childbirth facilities receive little hands-on real-life practice. Simulation training aims to bridge this gap by enabling skill acquisition and maintenance. Success may rely on how closely a simulator mimics the clinical conditions faced by HCPs during neonatal resuscitation. Using a novel, low-cost, high-fidelity simulator designed to train newborn ventilation skills, we compared objective measures of ventilation derived from the new manikin and from real newborns, both ventilated by the same group of experienced paediatricians. Simulated and clinical ventilation sequences were paired according to similar duration of ventilation required to achieve success. We found consistencies between manikin and neonatal positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in generated peak inflating pressure (PIP), mask leak and comparable expired tidal volume (eVT), but positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was lower in manikin ventilation. Correlations between PIP, eVT and leak followed a consistent pattern for manikin and neonatal PPV, with a negative relationship between eVT and leak being the only significant correlation. Airway obstruction occurred with the same frequency in the manikin and newborns. These findings support the fidelity of the manikin in simulating clinical conditions encountered during real newborn ventilation. Two limitations of the simulator provide focus for further improvements.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Metode Cerita untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Peserta Didik dalam Bertanya, Mengemukakan Pendapat dan Menjawab Pertanyaan

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Rukayah Rukayah
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
School Year ◽  
Question And Answer ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Research Action ◽  
Speaking Skills

This study reveals that there is an increasing learners activity after learning by story telling method in the Kindergarten of Musara Ate, Blang Kolak 1, District of Bebesan, Central Aceh Regency, Province Aceh in 2014/2015 school year. In the beginning, there were difficulties faced by children  in terms of speaking skills in telling information orally in learning processes. The difficulties mainly in to comment on their lessons in the classroom. Secondly, learners always confused and difficult to get inspired to speak. Third learners mostly silent when the teacher opens the question and answer session, so the level is very low speaking learners. In addition to these problems, the students lack motivation in learning noticed that interest to argue no idea who will be disclosed. This study uses action research (action research) as much as two cycles. Each round consists of four phases: design, action and observation, reflection and revision. Based on these results it can be concluded that the activities of learners per cycle increased significantly. Of the five aspects of the observations which is an indicator of student learning activities that liveliness asked, express opinions, answer questions, active in doing the task, working in groups active in most of the authors observe already mastered.

scholarly journals Applying a System Dynamics Approach for the Pharmaceutical Industry: Simulation and Optimization of the Quality Control Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 983-996
Author(s):  
Evripidis P. Kechagias ◽  
Dimitrios M. Miloulis ◽  
Georgios Chatzistelios ◽  
Sotiris P. Gayialis ◽  
Georgios A. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Systemic Thinking ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Quality Control Process ◽  
Time Systems

As countries interact more and more, technology gains a decisive role in facilitating today’s increased need for interconnection. At the same time, systems, becoming more advanced as technology progresses, feed each other and can produce highly complex and unpredictable results. However, with this ever-increasing need for interconnected operations, complex problems arise that need to be effectively tackled. This need extends far beyond the scientific and mechanical fields, covering every aspect of life. Systemic Thinking Philosophy and the System Dynamics methodology now seem to be more relevant than ever and their practical implementation in real-life industrial cases has started to become a trend. Companies that decide to implement such approaches can achieve significant improvements to the effectiveness of their operations and gain a competitive advantage. This research, influenced by the Systemic Thinking Philosophy, applies a System Dynamics approach in practice by improving the quality control process of a pharmaceutical company. The process is modeled, simulated, analyzed, and improvements are performed to achieve more effective and efficient operations. The results show that all these steps led to a successful identification and optimization of the critical factors, and a significant process improvement was achieved.

Bottom-up modeling approach and mesoscopic simulations in traffic system dynamics models

SIMULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324
Author(s):  
V Bureš ◽  
L Režný ◽  
M Zanker
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Mesoscopic Simulations

The application of system dynamics modeling in various domains enables its continuous development and improvement. Transportation systems are associated with a necessity to tame their complexity. Despite its potential, system dynamics as a specific methodological and modeling approach is implemented only occasionally and application to road transportation systems is sporadic. Existing studies focus mostly on a macroscopic level of modeling. Thus, this study demonstrates how system dynamics can develop and simulate models at the meso level. It is based on an unconventional bottom-up modeling approach grounded in the modeling of T-shaped, X-shaped, and roundabout crossroads as fundamental building blocks. Model modularity enables its extension to any type of road network with the required structure or complexity. Model applicability is verified by testing on a case study in real-life settings. Modeling issues associated with this modeling approach and application domain are explained and possible solutions proposed. By developing a bottom-up approach and mesoscopic simulations, this study brings uniqueness and a certain level of novelty into the realm of system dynamics and traffic transportation modeling and simulation.

ENHANCING THE SYSTEM DYNAMICS MODELING PROCESS WITH A DOMAIN MODELING METHOD

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350011 ◽  
Author(s):  
FIONA P. TULINAYO ◽  
PATRICK VAN BOMMEL ◽  
H. A. (ERIK) PROPER
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Domain Modeling ◽  
Dynamics Modeling ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Object Role Modeling

Defining complex system dynamics (SD) models in complex organizational settings is hard. This is so because the numbers of variables to consider are many and the question of causation is complicated to untangle. Second, SD models are ambiguous and hard to conceptualize. In this paper, we explore the use of a domain modeling method object-role modeling (ORM) in the process of developing SD models. We do so, because domain modeling methods help to identify relationships among entities within the scope of the problem domain and provide a structural view of the domain. The addition of a domain modeling method to the process of developing SD models is to improve SD model conceptualization, enable transformation and reuse of information plus underpin SD with a domain modeling method that allows creation of database. To realize this, we come up with a procedure in our overall research which we refer to as grounded system dynamics (GSD) a combination of ORM and SD. To reason about the combination of SD with a domain modeling method (ORM), we identify and evaluate relationships between their constructs. Basing on the identified relations, ORM to stock and flow diagram (SFD) steps are defined and applied to a real-life case study national medical stores (NMS) situated in Uganda. On completion, we draw conclusions.

Brain Responses to Stimuli in Disorders of Information Processing

1973 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne T. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Neurological Differences ◽  
Specific Learning

An approach to neurological study in children with learning disabilities is presented in which specialized measures of brain functioning are related to specific learning processes. Brain responses to stimuli in children with difficulty processing those stimuli were compared to responses of normal children. The latencies of the response components were significantly longer in the children with learning disabilities. Amplitudes of some components were significantly larger. These results suggest the possible nature of the neurological differences in children with learning disabilities and offer approaches to remediation.

Product importance and complexity as determinants of adaptation processes in business relationships

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Sales Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Business Relationships ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Capital Equipment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to characterize adaptation processes in business relationships. The nature of adaptive behavior is described by outlining activities and events in these relationships. The role of perceived product importance and complexity in the character of the adaptations processes is sought. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach is adopted and two long-term relationships between buyers and sellers of capital equipment in the mining industry are investigated. Perspectives from both sides of the dyad (buyer and seller) were attained through in-depth interviews. Findings – Findings show that supplier-based adaptations occur more frequently than customer-based adaptations. The market antecedents of concentration and resource dependency are identified as drivers of adaptive behavior. Furthermore, product importance and complexity are key drivers to adaptation processes and the development of long-term relationships. Supplier's brand name and the choice of a direct channel strategy are identified as indicators of long-term commitment to the market. Moreover, two-task related factors were extremely relevant as selection criteria for capital equipment: the functional suitability and the degree of standardization/customization of the equipment. Research limitations/implications – The findings are specific to the market environment and recommendations are given for the realm of the mining industry. Multi-case studies in multi-contexts should be conducted to enable generalization and potential theory-building. Practical implications – A number of important managerial implications for buyers and sellers of capital equipment in the mining industry are given. Originality/value – This paper contributes to knowledge by providing rich descriptions of adaptation processes. This real life evidence enables the identification of major drivers of adaptive behavior and, consequently, the development of long-term successful relationships.

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