business relationships
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2022 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Maria Ivanova-Gongne ◽  
Lasse Torkkeli ◽  
Martin Hannibal ◽  
Maria Uzhegova ◽  
Wilhelm Barner-Rasmussen ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
E. Gashe ◽  
A. Chalova ◽  
I. Shul'zhenko ◽  
A. Lobacheva

This article is devoted to the study of the current topic - the importance of digital etiquette as an employee competence. The percentage of modern employee's communications in the online space is increasing, more and more work issues are solved using computer technology and electronic systems. This trend requires the development of a new digital culture of communication, which includes the rules that are necessary to build clear business relationships. In order to form a relevant, understandable and succinct set of recommendations, it is required to assess the current level of knowledge of digital etiquette. To do this, a survey was compiled that included questions defining human behavior in various situations that may arise during online business communications. Based on the survey with 120 respondents, recommendations on business etiquette topics were developed.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umar Burki ◽  
Usama Najam ◽  
Robert Dahlstrom

PurposeThis study presents a bibliometric review of environmental performance in business to business relationships research.Design/methodology/approachWe applied suitable keywords to retrieve relevant peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science database between 1992 and 2019. The study uses bibliographic coupling as a tool to screen 358 relevant articles' titles, abstracts, keywords, frameworks and headings for analysis. For visualization analysis, the study applied the visualizing scientific landscapes viewer.FindingsOur review systematically reports about the evolution of environmental performance in business-to-business literature relationships. Bibliometric procedures reveal prominent authors and publication outlets (journals) as well as noteworthy thematic and theoretical contributions to the literature.Practical implicationsThis study provides a comprehensive overview of environmental performance in business relationships and theoretical directions for further research.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to business literature by outlining emerging research themes and theoretical clusters on environmental performance for future research.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yang Yu

<p><b>In a networked market, firms build and develop their relationships with surrounding exchange partners. Despite extensive research on relationships, there is still great potential for researchers to undertake a novel approach to address issues in the field. This study explores the relationship development process of foreign firms operating in China. A fundamental claim of the study is that although the economic and social contents in business relationships are outlined in the extant literature, empirical research treating them as distinguishable and examining them in a separate manner remains uncommon. In response to this, a two-dimensional view is presented to understand relationships and their development processes, by analysing the economic and social aspects separately. Particularly, the study focuses on comparisons between Asian firms and Western firms, between small and large firms, and between manufacturing and service firms, and investigates their differences in developing the economic and social dimensions in the relationship development context.</b></p> <p>The study contains two phases, Phase 1 and Phase 2, undertaking qualitative and quantitative approaches, respectively. In Phase 1, the two-dimensional view is examined in the Chinese setting, and results show that foreign firms put different emphases on the economic and social aspects in developing their local relationships; in Phase 2, it is found that some of the underlying assumptions from the literature that are associated with the three comparisons noted above need to be reconsidered. For example, Western foreign firms appear to emphasise the social aspect of their relationships more than their Asian counterpart at the start of the relationship. Similarly, larger firms and manufacturing firms nurture social content more than their smaller and service counterparts, respectively. These findings are contrary to some of the accepted orthodoxies in regard to firms' relationship development. The results from these two phases respond to the two research questions underpinning the study: 1) Do foreign firms operating in China emphasise their economic ties and social bonds differently in developing business relationships? 2) Are there any differences in the relationship development process of firms that have different nationality and size, and which operate in different industry sectors, with respect to the economic ties and social bonds? If yes, then what are these differences? Discussion of the results for these two questions ties back to the broad research problem of the study – how do foreign firms develop their business relationships in China with local actors? In presenting the findings and insights, the study contributes to the literature in a number of ways that are outlined in the thesis. Most notably, it makes a contribution to the relationship literature, by proposing and confirming the two-dimensional approach to relationship formation and development. Secondly, by exploring foreign firms' relationships in China, the study contributes to the international business literature, providing insights into differences between different types of foreign firms.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Yang Yu

<p><b>In a networked market, firms build and develop their relationships with surrounding exchange partners. Despite extensive research on relationships, there is still great potential for researchers to undertake a novel approach to address issues in the field. This study explores the relationship development process of foreign firms operating in China. A fundamental claim of the study is that although the economic and social contents in business relationships are outlined in the extant literature, empirical research treating them as distinguishable and examining them in a separate manner remains uncommon. In response to this, a two-dimensional view is presented to understand relationships and their development processes, by analysing the economic and social aspects separately. Particularly, the study focuses on comparisons between Asian firms and Western firms, between small and large firms, and between manufacturing and service firms, and investigates their differences in developing the economic and social dimensions in the relationship development context.</b></p> <p>The study contains two phases, Phase 1 and Phase 2, undertaking qualitative and quantitative approaches, respectively. In Phase 1, the two-dimensional view is examined in the Chinese setting, and results show that foreign firms put different emphases on the economic and social aspects in developing their local relationships; in Phase 2, it is found that some of the underlying assumptions from the literature that are associated with the three comparisons noted above need to be reconsidered. For example, Western foreign firms appear to emphasise the social aspect of their relationships more than their Asian counterpart at the start of the relationship. Similarly, larger firms and manufacturing firms nurture social content more than their smaller and service counterparts, respectively. These findings are contrary to some of the accepted orthodoxies in regard to firms' relationship development. The results from these two phases respond to the two research questions underpinning the study: 1) Do foreign firms operating in China emphasise their economic ties and social bonds differently in developing business relationships? 2) Are there any differences in the relationship development process of firms that have different nationality and size, and which operate in different industry sectors, with respect to the economic ties and social bonds? If yes, then what are these differences? Discussion of the results for these two questions ties back to the broad research problem of the study – how do foreign firms develop their business relationships in China with local actors? In presenting the findings and insights, the study contributes to the literature in a number of ways that are outlined in the thesis. Most notably, it makes a contribution to the relationship literature, by proposing and confirming the two-dimensional approach to relationship formation and development. Secondly, by exploring foreign firms' relationships in China, the study contributes to the international business literature, providing insights into differences between different types of foreign firms.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ruoyi Sun

<p>For SME exporters, developing an effective value co-creation strategy appears to be a good way to overcome resource constraints and other market structural barriers in internationalisation. As an emerging topic in the marketing literature, value co-creation is mainly studied in B2C markets, and the understandings of value co-creation are still quite fragmented and abstract with limited empirical investigations. Inspired by the recent development of the business network theory and S-D logic, my thesis presents a new theoretical framework for value co-creation in cross-border business relationships. Through an in-depth case study, this research confirms ten propositions in relation to the theoretical framework and identifies the most important motives, attributes and outcomes of value co-creation. Some insights in the case are unique to value co-creation, such as hierarchical resource integration. The findings in this research indicate that the co-creation of symbolic value and the emerging value co-creation network will benefit participating firms and also attract more firms to join. Compared with other types of business relationships, the uniqueness of value co-creation is the significant interplay of trust and resource integration. More importantly, this study shows the creation of a novel network, including both B2C and B2B markets, which is wider than the integration of the prior individual networks. Overall, this new value co-creation network is competitive and viable for SME exporters to overcome internationalisation barriers. It also shifts the network position from being ‘one of them’ to becoming ‘one of us’ in the eyes of local network incumbents in the export markets. This is the fundamental goal that a SME exporter may achieve in the export market, for the benefit of long-term survival and growth.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ruoyi Sun

<p>For SME exporters, developing an effective value co-creation strategy appears to be a good way to overcome resource constraints and other market structural barriers in internationalisation. As an emerging topic in the marketing literature, value co-creation is mainly studied in B2C markets, and the understandings of value co-creation are still quite fragmented and abstract with limited empirical investigations. Inspired by the recent development of the business network theory and S-D logic, my thesis presents a new theoretical framework for value co-creation in cross-border business relationships. Through an in-depth case study, this research confirms ten propositions in relation to the theoretical framework and identifies the most important motives, attributes and outcomes of value co-creation. Some insights in the case are unique to value co-creation, such as hierarchical resource integration. The findings in this research indicate that the co-creation of symbolic value and the emerging value co-creation network will benefit participating firms and also attract more firms to join. Compared with other types of business relationships, the uniqueness of value co-creation is the significant interplay of trust and resource integration. More importantly, this study shows the creation of a novel network, including both B2C and B2B markets, which is wider than the integration of the prior individual networks. Overall, this new value co-creation network is competitive and viable for SME exporters to overcome internationalisation barriers. It also shifts the network position from being ‘one of them’ to becoming ‘one of us’ in the eyes of local network incumbents in the export markets. This is the fundamental goal that a SME exporter may achieve in the export market, for the benefit of long-term survival and growth.</p>


Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Erica E Harris ◽  
Daniel G. Neely

Following recommendations from a Congressional panel tasked with improving nonprofit governance, in 2005, the IRS began requiring nonprofit organizations to report the existence of family and business relationships among board members. We study these relationships and find they are common in U.S. nonprofits and not associated with assumed detrimental effects. Rather , we find that organizations reporting relationships between board members have less management spending, lower levels of excess cash, and better reporting quality, while receiving higher contributions. Further, using detailed disclosure information, we find that while both business and family relationships among board members are associated with less administrative spending, lower levels of excess cash, and higher contributions, family relationships are also associated with better reporting quality. Overall, our evidence supports the idea that relationships among board members do not harm nonprofit organizations.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David J Stuart

<p>In the 1990s there was public speculation that New Zealand schools and businesses were establishing new and more relationships. Three broad public discourses sought to articulate this shift and its effects. They collectively represented business motives for school-business relationships as commercial, social, or operationally focused, or mixtures of these. This thesis argues with evidence from literature and original research, and with special attention on the activities of the food industry, that the prime business motive for school-business relationships was commercial. This motive is explored within the interwoven cultural contexts of changing businesses, changing childhoods and changing schools. In recent years businesses have assumed greater power as corporate meaning-makers in childhood identities as the boundaries between the cultural categories of advertising, entertainment and education collapse and new hybrid forms emerge including new school-business relationship forms. As business integrate public relations with their marketing objectives, this meaning-making role in an information society has intensified and fulfils a wide range of objectives from increased sales to management of public opinion. Businesses with the most fragile public profiles have gravitated to schools the most, and school children have become both key producers and key consumers of the sign value of the socially responsible business. Childhood is considered within a social constructionist perspective and it is argued that businesses influence childhood identity through the transgressive pedagogies of children's popular culture, and the commercialized adult discourses of child development and innocence. The tensions between these are being brought to some resolution in the increasingly popular commercialized edutainment pedagogies offered to students in schools, which simultaneously address adult and child desires. Responding to school-business relationships in New Zealand from 1990 was the marketised and corporatised school. The structural and cultural dimensions of New Zealand's marketisation reforms enabled pervasive discourses of competitive entrepreneurialism and managerial pragmatism to jostle with educational ethics in school-business relationship decision-making. Many school-business relationships found favour as fundraising opportunities or complex and financially advantageous relationships, limiting the potential for teacher dissent or community deliberation and debate. Teachers maintained an influential role in the key area of curriculum-related school-business relationships, but in this research, their perceptions about sponsored materials and programmes were overwhelmingly constructed within a discourse of curriculum utility and student appeal. The corporate agenda was usually positioned as benign advertising and marketing and there wes little understanding of the evolution of corporate public relations in recent years. Teachers decoupled the learning gain through school-business relationships from this corporate marketing. This steered them away from undertaking a deeper analysis of the corporate cultural agenda, limited their interest in the school's wider business relationships, and created a compelling argument for commercialized edutainment in schools. The business-like school was less capable of a critical understanding of the education-like business, and was often disinterested in resistance to school-business relationships. This thesis argues that school-business relationships need to be rescued by teachers from a discourse of pragmatic utility, and critically reconsidered as corporate pedagogies seeking to construct a consuming childhood and further various corporate ideologies and agendas. Schools as meaning-makers themselves are vital to this cultural assessment.</p>


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