scholarly journals HIV transmission efficiency through contaminated injections in Roka, Cambodia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gisselquist
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Injection Equipment ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Unsafe Injections

AbstractA nosocomial HIV outbreak recognized in late 2014 in Roka commune, Cambodia, demonstrates the potential for rapid transmission through skin-piercing healthcare procedures. Information reported from the investigation of the Roka commune outbreak is sufficient to estimate the transmission efficiency of HIV through contaminated injection equipment. With conservative assumptions, two estimates are 4.6% and 9.2%. These estimates are much greater than widely disseminated and influential low estimates of risk from unsafe injections, estimates which have encouraged low estimates of the contribution of unsafe healthcare to Africa’s generalized HIV epidemics. More information about nosocomial risks in Roka commune could improve the estimates in this paper and advise HIV prevention programs, particularly in countries with unreliably sterile healthcare and high HIV prevalence.

scholarly journals Integrasi Program Pencegahan HIV/AIDS melalui Transmisi Seksual ke dalam Sistim Kesehatan di Kota Kupang

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amelya Betsalonia Sir
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Health System ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Aids Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Hiv And Aids

Background: HIV and AIDS prevention efforts in Indonesia could not be denied that it is still influenced by global health initiatives. As global initiatives continue to decline, efforts to integrate HIV and AIDS programs into the framework of the national health system are both challenges and hopes for achieving program effectiveness and sustainability. This study aims to explore how far the integration of HIV transmission program through sexual transmission into the health system contributes to the effectiveness of programs at the Kupang City level. Method: The method used in this research is qualitative analysis with case study design as an effort to understand more deeply the relationship between the integration and effectiveness of AIDS prevention program. In this study the 'case' chosen was HIV prevention programs through sexual transmission for Female Sex Workers. Results: The results of the study showed that in the prevention of HIV transmission programs through sexual transmission as many as five sub-systems of health were partially integrated, including sub-systems of management and regulation, health financing, human resource management, provision of pharmaceuticals and medical devices and sub-systems for community participation management, while the strategic information sub sub-system is not integrated in the health system. The integration of some sub-systems into the health system does not contribute to the effectiveness of the program. Therefore, it was necessary to strengthen each sub-systim, especially in regions ranging from regulation, planning and budget including human resources to increase regional independence and not rely on foreign funds for the implementation of HIV prevention programs through sexual transmission, besides that it also increases collaboration with stakeholders. 

HIV Prevalence and Risks Among Injection and Noninjection Drug Users in Northern Thailand: Need for Comprehensive HIV Prevention Programs

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myat Htoo Razak ◽  
Jaroon Jittiwutikarn ◽  
Vinai Suriyanon ◽  
Tassanai Vongchak ◽  
Namtip Srirak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Noninjection Drug

scholarly journals An Appraisal of Sexual Behaviors, STI/HIV Prevalence, and HIV Prevention Programs among Truckers in India: A Critical Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 206-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damodar Sahu ◽  
Arvind Pandey ◽  
Ram Manohar Mishra ◽  
Niranjan Saggurti ◽  
Shekhar Setu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Critical Literature

scholarly journals HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among injecting drug users in six indonesian cities implications for future HIV prevention programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Morineau ◽  
Liesbeth JM Bollen ◽  
Rizky Syafitri ◽  
Nurjannah Nurjannah ◽  
Dyah Mustikawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Risk Behaviours

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for HIV among people aged 50 years and older in Rombo district, Northern Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scolastica J. Swai ◽  
Damian J. Damian ◽  
Sarah Urassa ◽  
Beatrice Temba ◽  
Michael J. Mahande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Northern Tanzania

Background: It is estimated that over ten percent of the 36.7 million people living with HIV (PLWHIV) globally, are those aged ≥50 years. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for HIV among adult aged 50 years and above in Rombo district, northern Tanzania.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted from April to June 2015 among older adults aged ≥50 year in Rombo district. Interviews were conducted to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, reproductive and sexual health characteristics of the participants, knowledge on HIV transmission, prevention and risk perception and on awareness and knowledge on voluntary and counselling testing services. In addition, a blood sample was taken for HIV diagnosis.Results: A total of 600 people were enrolled. Their age ranged from 50 to 90 years with mean of 64.9 (±SD 10.3) years. The HIV prevalence was 1.7% (n=10) and it was higher among women (2.1%) than men (1.3%). Sixty-percent (n=350) were knowledgeable on HIV transmission and only 40% (n=216) on HIV prevention. In bivariate analysis, age of partner <50 years, ever use of condoms, poor knowledge on HIV prevention and perception of risk on HIV were significantly associated with HIV. However, only partner’s age of <50 years remained significant after controlling for confounders.Conclusion: HIV prevalence and overall knowledge on its transmission among older adults in this rural population were low. There is a need for strategies to improve HIV preventive knowledge and testing in this group in order to continue keeping the transmission at low levels.

Ten Core Principles of Effective HIV Prevention Programs for Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Ingram ◽  
Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus ◽  
Amy Elkavich
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs

Epidemiology of HIV in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Zeinab Najafi ◽  
Leila Taj ◽  
Omid Dadras ◽  
Fatemeh Ghadimi ◽  
Banafsheh Moradmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
First Case ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

: Iran has been one of the active countries fighting against HIV/AIDS in the Middle East during the last decades. Moreover, there is a strong push to strengthen the national health management system concerning HIV prevention and control. In Iran, HIV disease has its unique features, from changes in modes of transmission to improvement in treatment and care programs, which can make it a good case for closer scrutiny. The present review describes the HIV epidemic in Iran from the first case diagnosed until prevention among different groups at risk and co-infections. Not only we addressed the key populations and community-based attempts to overcome HIV-related issues in clinics, but we also elaborated on the efforts and trends in society and the actual behaviors related to HIV/AIDS. Being located in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, given the countryspecific characteristics, and despite all the national efforts along with other countries in this region, Iran still needs to take extra measures to reduce HIV transmission, especially in health education. Although Iran is one of the pioneers in implementing applicable and appropriate policies in the MENA region, including harm reduction services to reduce HIV incidence, people with substance use disorder continue to be the majority of those living with HIV in the country. Similar to other countries in this region, the HIV prevention and control programs aim at 90-90-90 targets to eliminate HIV infection and reduce the transmission, especially the mother-to-child transmission and among other key populations.

scholarly journals Psychological Sense of Community and the Use of Condoms and PrEP Among a Sample of Aging Black MSM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 824-824
Author(s):  
Andre Brown ◽  
Mark Brennan-Ing ◽  
Steven Meanley ◽  
Sabina Haberlen ◽  
Deanna Ware ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Sense Of Community ◽  
Hiv Risk Reduction ◽  
Psychological Sense

Abstract Psychological sense of community (PSOC) in Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) may facilitate condom and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use to prevent HIV transmission. Understanding BMSM’s PSOC contribution to HIV risk reduction may inform HIV prevention efforts for this population, that is disproportionately affected by HIV. Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and HIV status, we conducted logistic regressions to test the association between PSOC and condom use among aging BMSM (n=176). Multivariate analyses exhibited no association between PSOC and condom use (AOR= 0.994, 95% CI= 0.942, 1.049). HIV+ participants had higher condom use odds compared to HIV- participants (AOR= 4.031, 95% CI= 1.723, 9.426). A sub-analysis of HIV- participants (n=61), showed no associated between PSOC and PrEP use (AOR= 1.002, 95% CI= 0.904, 1.112). These results have implications for secondary HIV prevention and future research on alternative aspects of social support that may increase BMSM’s HIV risk reduction behaviors.

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