scholarly journals The causal direction in the association between Parkinson’s disease and cigarette or nicotine use

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikodem Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Causal Direction ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use ◽  
Biological Predisposition

AbstractThe association between cigarette use and Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been well known in the literature since more than 50 years ago. Large population studies showed that smokers developed PD less often than non-smokers and that the duration of smoking was inversely proportional to PD risk. There are two primary hypotheses for this association in the literature. First, long-standing hypothesis, is that smoking cigarettes is neuroprotective. The second, recent hypothesis, is that there exists biological predisposition to PD, which also manifests in decreased stimulus seeking behavior, hence lesser likelihood to smoke or use nicotine (reverse causation). The objective of this article is to summarize the evidence available in the literature and evaluate the causality of the association between Parkinson’s disease and smoking cigarettes or nicotine ingestion. It is found that the first, directly causal hypothesis is a stronger contributor to the effect, although the reversely causal mechanism could play a role. It is found that smokeless tobacco use decreases the risk of PD stronger than smoking cigarettes does, suggesting that nicotine is more important in neuroprotection than other cigarette smoke constituents.

scholarly journals An ensemble feature selection framework for early detection of Parkinson's disease based on feature correlation analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Masood ◽  
Khwaja Wisal ◽  
Om Pal ◽  
Chanchal Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Feature Selection Method ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Selection Framework

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a highly common neurological disease affecting a large population worldwide. Several studies revealed that the degradation of voice is one of its initial symptoms, which is also known as dysarthria. In this work, we attempt to explore and harness the correlation between various features in the voice samples observed in PD subjects. To do so, a novel two-level ensemble-based feature selection method has been proposed, whose results were combined with an MLP based classifier using K-fold cross-validation as the re-sampling strategy. Three separate benchmark datasets of voice samples were used for the experimentation work. Results strongly suggest that the proposed feature selection framework helps in identifying an optimal set of features which further helps in highly accurate identification of PD patients using a Multi-Layer Perceptron from their voice samples. The proposed model achieves an overall accuracy of 98.3%, 95.1% and 100% on the three selected datasets respectively. These results are significantly better than those achieved by a non-feature selection based option, and even the recently proposed chi-square based feature selection option.

THUR 121 Identifying participants with parkinson’s disease in uk biobank

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. A13.2-A13
Author(s):  
Bush Kathryn ◽  
Rannikmae Kristiina ◽  
Schnier Christian ◽  
Wilkinson Timothy ◽  
Nolan John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundLinkage to routinely collected NHS data from primary, secondary care and death certificates enables identification of participants with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) within the UK Biobank cohort of 5 00 000 adults. Validation of the accuracy of this data is required prior to their use in research studies.MethodIn this validation study participants (n=125) with a code indicating PD were identified from a sample of 17 000 participants in the cohort. Diagnoses were validated by expert adjudicators, based on free text electronic medical records. Positive predictive values (PPV,% of cases identified that are true cases) were calculated.ResultsPrimary care diagnostic codes identified 93% of PD cases, with a PPV of 95%. Combined secondary care and death data identified 42% of PD cases with a PPV of 84%.Combining diagnostic and medication codes identified more participants, but did not increase the PPV.ConclusionsThis study suggests that linkage to routinely collected healthcare data is a reliable method for identifying participants with PD in the UK Biobank cohort.Primary care diagnostic codes identified the highest proportion of participants and had the highest PPV, demonstrating the value of using primary care data to identify cases of disease in large population based cohort studies.

scholarly journals Frequency of Heterozygous Parkin (PRKN) Variants and Penetrance of Parkinson's Disease Risk Markers in the Population-Based CHRIS Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paulina Castelo Rueda ◽  
Athina Raftopoulou ◽  
Martin Gögele ◽  
Max Borsche ◽  
David Emmert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Genotype Imputation ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Increased Risk

Mutations in the Parkin (PRKN) gene are the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Heterozygous PRKN mutation carriers might also be at increased risk for developing clinical symptoms of PD. Given the high frequency of heterozygous mutations in the general population, it is essential to have better estimates of the penetrance of these variants, and to investigate, which clinical and biochemical markers are present in carriers and thus potentially useful for identifying those individuals at greater risk of developing clinical symptoms later in life. In the present study, we ascertained the frequency of heterozygous PRKN mutation carriers in a large population sample of the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study, and screened for reported PD risk markers. 164 confirmed heterozygous PRKN mutation carriers were compared with 2,582 controls. A higher number of heterozygous mutation carriers reported a detectable increase in an akinesia-related phenotype, and a higher percentage of carriers had manifested diabetes. We also observed lower resting heart rate in the PRKN mutation carriers. Extending our risk analyses to a larger number of potential carriers and non-carriers using genotype imputation (n = 299 carriers and n = 7,127 non-carriers), from previously published biomarkers we also observed a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lower serum albumin and sodium levels in the heterozygous PRKN variant carriers. These results identify a set of biomarkers that might be useful either individually or as an ensemble to identify variant carriers at greater risk of health issues due to carrier status.

SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHM REGULATION IN EARLY PARKINSON'S DISEASE

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.110-e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Breen ◽  
Romina Vuono ◽  
Upekshani Nawarathna ◽  
Kate Fisher ◽  
John Shneerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Clock Gene Expression ◽  
The University ◽  
Early Parkinson’S Disease

AimSleep disturbances are recognised as a common non-motor complaint in Parkinson's disease but their aetiology is poorly understood. We set out to define the sleep and circadian phenotype of early-stage Parkinson's disease patients.MethodsWe began by assessing the sleep characteristics of a large population-representative incident Parkinson's disease cohort (n=239) at the University of Cambridge. We went on to carry out more comprehensive case-control sleep assessments in a subgroup of these patients (n=30) and matched controls (n=15). Outcome measures were sleep diagnoses and sleep architecture based on polysomnography studies; actigraphy assessment; and 24-hour analyses of serum cortisol, melatonin and peripheral clock gene expression (Bmal1, Per2, and Rev-Erbα).ResultsSubjective sleep complaints were present in almost half of newly-diagnosed patients and correlated significantly with poorer quality of life. Parkinson's disease patients exhibited increased sleep latency, reduced sleep efficiency and reduced REM sleep. In addition, there was a sustained elevation of serum cortisol levels, reduced circulating melatonin levels, and altered Bmal1 expression in Parkinson's disease patients compared to controls.ConclusionsThe sleep dysfunction seen in early Parkinson's disease may reflect a more fundamental pathology in the molecular clock underlying circadian rhythms.

Occurrence and Daergic Therapy Correlates of REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder in a Large Population of Patients with Parkinson's Disease (P05.009)

Neurology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (Meeting Abstracts 1) ◽  
pp. P05.009-P05.009
Author(s):  
M. Puligheddu ◽  
G. Gioi ◽  
P. Congiu ◽  
I. Laccu ◽  
M. Figorilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Behaviour Disorder ◽  
Sleep Behaviour ◽  
Rem Sleep Behaviour Disorder

scholarly journals Fluoxetine and Selegiline – Lack of Significant Interaction

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Side Effects ◽  
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitor ◽  
Disease Clinic ◽  
Clinic Population

Abstract:The use of the combination of fluoxetine, an anti-depressant serotonin uptake inhibitor, and selegiline, a monoamine oxidase -B inhibitor, was reviewed in a large population of patients with Parkinson’s disease. All records were reviewed from a Parkinson’s disease clinic to determine how many patients were treated simultaneously with selegiline and fluoxetine. Patient characteristics, duration and dose of treatment, side effects and reasons for discontinuation were noted. Twenty-three patients received both medications at the same time. No additional side effects were noted with the combination therapy that had not already been reported with each medication alone. No serious side effects were found. In this clinic population, fluoxetine and selegiline were used in combination without major side effects, but further observation is warranted.

Smokeless tobacco use and the risk of Parkinson's disease mortality

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1383-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eilis J. O'Reilly ◽  
Marji L. McCullough ◽  
Ann Chao ◽  
S. Jane Henley ◽  
Eugenia E. Calle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Disease Mortality ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use

scholarly journals Single-cell transcriptome and TCR profiling reveal activated and expanded T cell populations in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingping Wang ◽  
Lifen Yao ◽  
Meng Luo ◽  
Wenyang Zhou ◽  
Xiyun Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Single Cell Transcriptome

AbstractGiven the chronic inflammatory nature of Parkinson’s disease (PD), T cell immunity may be important for disease onset. Here, we performed single-cell transcriptome and TCR sequencing, and conducted integrative analyses to decode composition, function and lineage relationship of T cells in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of PD. Combined expression and TCR-based lineage tracking, we discovered a large population of CD8+ T cells showing continuous progression from central memory to terminal effector T cells in PD patients. Additionally, we identified a group of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4 CTLs) remarkably expanded in PD patients, which derived from Th1 cells by TCR-based fate decision. Finally, we screened putative TCR–antigen pairs that existed in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid of PD patients to provide potential evidence for peripheral T cells to participate in neuronal degeneration. Our study provides valuable insights and rich resources for understanding the adaptive immune response in PD.

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