scholarly journals Common neural responses to narrative speech in disorders of consciousness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Iotzov ◽  
Brian C Fidali ◽  
Agustin Petroni ◽  
Mary M Conte ◽  
Nicholas D Schiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Sectional Analysis

AbstractObjectiveClinical assessment of auditory attention in patients with disorders of consciousness is often limited by motor impairment. Here, we employ inter-subject correlations among electroencephalography responses to naturalistic speech in order to assay auditory attention among patients and healthy controls.MethodsElectroencephalographic data were recorded from 20 subjects with disorders of consciousness and 14 healthy controls during of two narrative audio stimuli, presented both forwards and time-reversed. Inter-subject correlation of evoked electroencephalography signals were calculated, comparing responses of both groups to those of the healthy control subjects. This analysis was performed blinded and subsequently compared to the diagnostic status of each patient based on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised.ResultsSubjects with disorders of consciousness exhibit significantly lower inter-subject correlation than healthy controls during narrative speech. Additionally, while healthy subjects had higher inter-subject correlation values in forward vs. backwards presentation, neural responses did not vary significantly with the direction of playback in subjects with disorders of consciousness. Increased inter-subject correlation values in the backward speech condition were noted with improving disorder of consciousness diagnosis, both in cross-sectional analysis and in a subset of patients with longitudinal data.InterpretationInter-subject correlation of neural responses to narrative speech audition differentiates healthy controls from patients and appears to index clinical diagnoses in disorders of consciousness.

Low Level of Serum Sclerostin in Adult Patients with Tumor-induced Osteomalacia Comparing with X-linked Hypophosphatemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Ni ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Qianqian Pang ◽  
Yiyi Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Premenopausal Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Sclerostin Level ◽  
Sclerostin Antibody

Abstract Context Sclerostin is an inhibitor of Wnt-β-catenin signaling to regulate bone formation. Circulating sclerostin levels were reported to be elevated in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), and sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) has been shown to increase bone mass and normalize circulating phosphate levels in Hyp mice. However, circulating sclerostin level in acquired hypophosphatemic patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) remains rare reported. Objectives This study was designed to evaluate serum sclerostin levels in TIO patients comparing them with age-, sex- matched healthy controls and XLH patients, and analyze correlation of circulating sclerostin with BMD and laboratory parameters. Design, Setting and Participants 190 individuals including 83 adult TIO patients, 83 adult healthy controls and 24 adult XLH patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Main outcome measures Serum sclerostin levels were determined in TIO patients, healthy controls and XLH patients. Results TIO patients (43 male and 40 female) aged 44.3 ± 8.7 (mean ± SD) years had lower levels of circulating sclerostin than healthy controls (94.2 ± 45.8 vs 108.4 ± 42.3 pg/mL, p = 0.01) with adjustment for age, gender, BMI and diabetes rate. Sclerostin levels were positively associated with age (r = 0.238, p = 0.030). Male patients had higher sclerostin level than female patients (104.7 ± 47.3 vs 83.0 ± 41.8 pg/mL, p = 0.014) and postmenopausal patients had higher tendency of sclerostin level than premenopausal patients (98.4 ± 48.8 vs 71.6 ± 32.3 ng/ml, p = 0.05). Sclerostin levels were positively associated with BMD of L1-4 (r = 0.255, p = 0.028), femoral neck (r = 0.242, p = 0.039) and serum calcium (r = 0.231, p = 0.043). TIO subgroup patients (n=24, 35.9 ± 7.3 years old) comparing with age-, sex-matched adult XLH patients and healthy controls revealed significant difference of sclerostin levels (XLH, TIO and healthy control were 132.0 ± 68.8, 68.4 ± 31.3 and 98.6 ± 41.1 pg/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions Circulating sclerostin levels were decreased in TIO patients but increased in XLH patients, which might be result of histological abnormality and bone mass.

scholarly journals Incidence of headache after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with history of headache: A cross-sectional study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 033310242110386
Author(s):  
Koji Sekiguchi ◽  
Narumi Watanabe ◽  
Naoki Miyazaki ◽  
Kei Ishizuchi ◽  
Chisato Iba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Migrainous Headache ◽  
Headache Patients

Background Headache is an adverse event of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Whether patients with history of headache suffer more from vaccination-induced headaches is unknown. We aimed to uncover if headache patients develop more headaches after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination than healthy controls. Methods We performed a questionnaire survey for nursing staff in our hospital from April to May 2021. Based on baseline characteristics, we divided the participants into migraine, non-migrainous headache, and healthy control, and examined the occurrence and features of headache after COVID-19 vaccinations. Results We included 171 participants (15.2% migraine and 24.6% non-migrainous headache). Headache incidence after vaccinations was significantly higher in the migraine (69.2%) and non-migrainous headache (71.4%) groups than in the healthy control (37.9%) group. The incidence of headaches was significantly higher after the second dose compared to the first (45.6% vs. 20.5%). Conclusion Migraineurs and non-migrainous headache participants developed more headaches compared to the healthy controls after COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Global and Specific Cortical Volume Asymmetries in Individuals With Psychosis Risk Syndrome and Schizophrenia: A Mixed Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-721
Author(s):  
Katherine S F Damme ◽  
Teresa Vargas ◽  
Vince Calhoun ◽  
Jessica Turner ◽  
Vijay A Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Illness Onset ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Psychosis Risk ◽  
Measure Design ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

Abstract Cortical volumetric asymmetry (CVA) has been widely observed in individuals with psychosis, and is associated with etiological risk factors (e.g., genetics, neuromaturation) and treatment response. However, it is unclear whether CVA abnormalities emerge before psychotic illness onset. Understanding whether CVA manifests in clinical high-risk (CHR)—compared with healthy controls and schizophrenia patients (SCZ)—over time may inform our understanding of pathogenic factors. A total of 233 individuals: 73 CHR, 112 healthy controls, and 48 SCZ underwent an MRI and clinical interviews. Ninety-four individuals including healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 49) and CHR (n = 45), completed another scan at 12-months. CVA was compared by lobe in a repeated-measure design across groups, then nested by time in a longitudinal model. CHR and SCZ groups showed reduced global CVA compared with the healthy control groups but the CHR and SCZ group did not differ from each other. A group by lobe interaction indicated the presence of lobe specific reductions in frontal and cingulate CVA. Cingulate CVA was reduced in CHR and SCZ groups compared to HC groups but did not differ from each other. Frontal CVA was reduced in the older healthy controls compared with younger-HC and CHR, but did not differ from the similarly aged SZ group. CVA is similarly impacted in SCZ and CHR groups, potentially reflecting pathogenic processes. Longitudinal analyses provided further support for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis as CHR exhibited longitudinal changes in opposite directions from normative neuromaturation in HV, which was related to increasing risk for psychosis in the CHR.

scholarly journals Self-Reported and Objective Sleep Measures in Stroke Survivors With Incomplete Motor Recovery at the Chronic Stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110298
Author(s):  
Melanie K. Fleming ◽  
Tom Smejka ◽  
David Henderson Slater ◽  
Evangeline Grace Chiu ◽  
Nele Demeyere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Stroke survivors commonly complain of difficulty sleeping. Poor sleep is associated with reduced quality of life and more understanding of long-term consequences of stroke on sleep is needed. Objective. The primary aims were to (1) compare sleep measures between chronic stroke survivors and healthy controls and (2) test for a relationship between motor impairment, time since stroke and sleep. Secondary aims were to explore mood and inactivity as potential correlates of sleep and test the correlation between self-reported and objective sleep measures. Methods. Cross-sectional sleep measures were obtained for 69 chronic stroke survivors (mean 65 months post-stroke, 63 years old, 24 female) and 63 healthy controls (mean 61 years old, 27 female). Self-reported sleep was assessed with the sleep condition indicator (SCI) and sleep diary ratings, objective sleep with 7-nights actigraphy and mood with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Upper extremity motor impairment was assessed with the Fugl-Meyer assessment. Results. Stroke survivors had significantly poorer SCI score ( P < .001) and higher wake after sleep onset ( P = .005) than controls. Neither motor impairment, nor time since stroke, explained significant variance in sleep measures for the stroke group. For all participants together, greater depression was associated with poorer SCI score ( R2adj = .197, P < .001) and higher age with more fragmented sleep ( R2adj = .108, P < .001). There were weak correlations between nightly sleep ratings and actigraphy sleep measures ( r s = .15–.24). Conclusions. Sleep disturbance is present long-term after stroke. Depressive symptoms may present a modifiable factor which should be investigated alongside techniques to improve sleep in this population.

scholarly journals Exploring Social Biomarkers in High-Functioning Adults with Autism and Asperger’s Versus Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 4412-4430
Author(s):  
Marta Del Valle Rubido ◽  
Eric Hollander ◽  
James T. McCracken ◽  
Frederick Shic ◽  
Jana Noeldeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tracking Tasks ◽  
Activity Preference ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Adults With Asd

AbstractBiomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are lacking but would facilitate drug development for the core deficits of the disorder. We evaluated markers proposed for characterization of differences in social communication and interaction in adults with ASD versus healthy controls (HC) for utility as biomarkers. Data pooled from an observational study and baseline data from a placebo-controlled study were analyzed. Between-group differences were observed in eye-tracking tasks for activity monitoring, biomotion, human activity preference, composite score (p = 0.0001–0.037) and pupillometry (various tasks, p = 0.017–0.05). Impaired olfaction was more common in the ASD sample versus HC (p = 0.018). Our preliminary results suggest the potential use for stratification and response sub-analyses outcome-prediction of specific eye-tracking tasks, pupillometry and olfaction tests in ASD trials

scholarly journals Integrative Analysis Reveals a Molecular Stratification of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Barturen ◽  
Sepideh Babaei ◽  
Francesc Català-Moll ◽  
Manuel Martínez-Bueno ◽  
Zuzanna Makowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Inception Cohort ◽  
Cluster Assignment ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Molecular Stratification ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Molecular Patterns

SUMMARYBackgroundClinical heterogeneity, a hallmark of systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) impedes early diagnosis and effective treatment, issues that may be addressed if patients could be grouped into a molecular defined stratification.MethodsWith the aim of reclassifying SADs independently of the clinical diagnoses, unsupervised clustering of integrated whole blood transcriptome and methylome cross-sectional data of 918 patients with 7 SADs and 263 healthy controls was undertaken. In addition, an inception cohort was prospectively followed for 6 and 14 months to validate the results and analyze if cluster assignment changed or not with time.ResultsFour clusters were identified. Three clusters were aberrant, representing ‘inflammatory’, ‘lymphoid’, and ‘interferon’ patterns each including all diagnoses and defined by genetic, clinical, serological and cellular features. A fourth cluster showed no specific molecular pattern and accumulated also healthy controls. An independent inception cohort showed that with time, the molecular clusters remain stable, showing that single aberrant molecular signatures characterize each individual patient.ConclusionsPatients with SADs can be jointly stratified into three stable disease clusters with specific molecular patterns differentiating different molecular disease mechanisms. These results have important implications for future clinical trials and the study of therapy non-responsiveness marking a paradigm shift in the view of SADs.

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