scholarly journals Diet-induced loss of adipose Hexokinase 2 triggers hyperglycemia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsugu Shimobayashi ◽  
Sunil Shetty ◽  
Irina C. Frei ◽  
Bettina K. Wölnerhanssen ◽  
Diana Weissenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Hexokinase 2 ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

AbstractChronically high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) leads to diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is a major risk factor for hyperglycemia, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show that a high fat diet (HFD) in mice causes early loss of expression of the glycolytic enzyme Hexokinase 2 (HK2) specifically in adipose tissue. Adipose-specific knockout of Hk2 caused enhanced gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in liver, a condition known as selective insulin resistance, leading to glucose intolerance. Furthermore, we observed reduced hexokinase activity in adipose tissue of obese and diabetic patients, and identified a loss-of-function mutation in the hk2 gene of naturally hyperglycemic Mexican cavefish. Mechanistically, HFD in mice led to loss of HK2 by inhibiting translation of Hk2 mRNA. Our findings identify adipose HK2 as a critical mediator of systemic glucose homeostasis, and suggest that obesity-induced loss of adipose HK2 is an evolutionarily conserved, non-cell-autonomous mechanism for the development of hyperglycemia.One Sentence SummaryLoss of the glycolytic enzyme Hexokinase 2 in adipose tissue is a mechanism underlying high blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Potential of Syzygium polyanthum (Daun Salam) in Lowering Blood Glucose Level: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Salsabeela Mohd Rahim ◽  
Ida Farah Ahmad ◽  
Terence Yew Chin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Herbal Decoction ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Syzygium polyanthum is a herb widely used in Malaysia and Indonesia in cuisines. Traditionally, the herbal decoction of S. polyanthum (daun salam) leaves is often used by diabetic patients in Indonesia. Therefore, our objective is to evaluate the scientific evidence available for S. polyanthum in lowering blood glucose levels (BGL). We systematically searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, CENTRAL. LILAC and clinicaltrials.gov databases up to 23rd October 2020 using the keywords “Syzygium polyanthum” and “antidiabetic”. From the selected 413 articles, eight studies involving rodents were included. All results showed a significant effect in lowering BGL without any adverse effects. The possible underlying mechanism of action is attributed to inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption and enhancing glucose uptake by the muscles. Chemical families responsible for the effect were determined as flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Thus, S. polyanthum leaves showed potential antidiabetic properties, but further research is required to identify the active compounds followed by the safety evaluation of this compound.

scholarly journals Common uropathogens among diabetic patients with urinary tract infection at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara I. Nabaigwa ◽  
Bashir Mwambi ◽  
John Okiria ◽  
Caesar Oyet
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Regional Referral Hospital ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Between June 2015 and October 2015, 159 mid-stream urine samples from diabetic patients were cultured. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was high at 22% and women were more affected compared with men (P = 0.017). Factors associated with urinary tract infection in these patients were age, sex and high blood glucose levels. Diabetic patients should be screened periodically for urinary tract infection.

Nutritional Interventions and Considerations for the Development of Low Calorie or Sugar Free Foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Singh ◽  
Prasad Rasane ◽  
Sawinder Kaur ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Kajal Dhawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Diet Plan

Diabetes is a globally prevalent chronic metabolic disease characterized by blood glucose levels higher than the normal levels. Sugar, a common constituent of diet, is also a major factor often responsible for elevating the glucose level in diabetic patients. However, diabetic patients are more prone to eat sweets amongst the human population. Therefore, we find a popular consumption of zero or low-calorie sweeteners, both natural and artificial. But, the uses of these sweeteners have proved to be controversial. Thus, the purpose of this review was to critically analyze and highlight the considerations needed for the development of sugar-free or low-calorie products for diabetic patients. For this purpose, various measures are taken such as avoiding sugary foods, using natural nectar, artificial sweeteners, etc. It cannot be ignored that many health hazards are associated with the overconsumption of artificial sweeteners only. These sweeteners are high-risk compounds and a properly balanced consideration needs to be given while making a diet plan for diabetic patients.

High Blood Glucose Levels Affect Auditory Brainstem Responses after Acoustic Overexposure in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jae-Hun Lee ◽  
Sang Hee Ji ◽  
Jae Yun Jung ◽  
Min Young Lee ◽  
Chi-Kyou Lee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hearing Threshold ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Hearing Function ◽  
Brainstem Response

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and several pathological changes. DM-related hearing dysfunctions are associated with histological changes. Here, we explore hearing function and synaptic changes in the inner hair cells (IHCs) of rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Methods: STZ was injected to trigger diabetes. Rats with DM were exposed to narrow-band noise (105 dB SPL) for 2 h, and hearing function was analyzed 1, 3, 7, and 14 days later. Both the hearing threshold and the peak 1 amplitude of the tone auditory brainstem response were assessed. After the last functional test, animals were sacrificed for histological evaluation. Results: We found no changes in the baseline hearing threshold; however, the peak 1 amplitude at the low frequency (4 kHz) was significantly higher in both DM groups than in the control groups. The hearing threshold had not fully recovered at 14 days after diabetic rats were exposed to noise. The peak 1 amplitude at the higher frequencies (16 and 32 kHz) was significantly larger in both DM groups than in the control groups. The histological analysis revealed that the long-term DM group had significantly more synapses in the 16 kHz region than the other groups. Conclusions: We found that high blood glucose levels increased peak 1 amplitudes without changing the hearing threshold. Diabetic rats were less resilient in threshold changes and were less vulnerable to peak 1 amplitude and synaptic damage than control animals.

Effect of Corticosteroid Injections on Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Patients

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sylvain Mathieu ◽  
Marion Couderc ◽  
Sandrine Malochet-Guinamand ◽  
Jean-Jacques Dubost ◽  
Anne Tournadre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Corticosteroid Injections

Investigating the Efficacy of Using Hand Tremors for Early Detection of Hypoglycemic Events: A Scoping Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1211-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Zahed ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar ◽  
Ranjana Mehta ◽  
Madhav Erraguntla ◽  
Mark Lawley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medium Frequency ◽  
Hand Tremor ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
Continuous Glucose Monitors ◽  
The Relationship

Diabetes is a prevalent condition affecting millions of patients globally. Some diabetic patients suffer from a deadly condition called Hypoglycemia (sudden drop in blood glucose levels). Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) have been the most pervasive tool used to track blood glucose levels but these tools are invasive and costly. While early detection of hypoglycemia has been studied, current approaches do not leverage tremors; which are a primary symptom of hypoglycemia. A scoping review was conducted to understand the relationship between tremors and hypoglycemia, and to document any efforts that utilized tremor signatures non-invasively to detect hypoglycemic events. Findings suggest that hypoglycemic tremors are a medium frequency tremor, more resistant to hypoglycemic impairment than other symptoms, and have not been fully explored yet. This paper also documents the work in progress to utilize a novel wearable device that predicts the onsets of hypoglycemia using hand tremor sensing.

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