scholarly journals Independent domestications shape the genetic pattern of a reproductive isolation system in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Xu ◽  
Song Ge ◽  
Fu-Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Bottleneck Effect ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Sterility Genes

AbstractSevere reproductive isolation (RI) exists between the two subspecies of rice, Indica and Japonica, but in the wild ancestors no post-zygotic RI was found. The studies about the establishment of the interspecies RI of rice are still rear. A pair of rice hybrid sterility genes, DOPPELGANGER 1 (DPL1) and DOPPELGANGER 2 (DPL2), offers a convenient example to study the evolutionary history of RI genes. Either of the two loci has one non-functional allele (DPL1- and DPL2-). The hybrid pollen carrying both DPL1- and DPL2- will be sterility.We collected 811 individuals: Oryza sativa (132), the two wild ancestors O. nivara (296) and O. rufipogon (383) as well as 20 DPL1 and 34 DPL2 sequences of O. sativa from on-line databases. We analysed the genetic and geographic pattern of DPLs in all three species to determine the origination regions of DPL1- and DPL2-. The neutral test as well as the diversities of nucleotide and haplotype were used to detect if selection shaped the pattern of DPLs.We found that DPL1- and DPL2- of rice emerged from wild ancestor populations in South Asia and South China through two respective domestications. Comparing with the ancestral populations, DPL1- and DPL2- both showed reduce of diversities, however their frequencies increased in rice. We assume that the reduce of diversities due to the bottleneck effect of domestication while the loss of one copy was preferred by artificial selection for cost savings.

Evaluation of Drosophila chromosomal segments proposed by means of simulations of possessing hybrid sterility genes from reproductive isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco García-Franco ◽  
Lilian Milena Barandica-Cañon ◽  
Jannitza Arandia-Barrios ◽  
Ezel Jacome Galindo-Pérez ◽  
Gilberto Sven Binnqüist Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Sterility Genes

scholarly journals The Evolution of Sex is Tempered by Costly Hybridization in Boechera (Rock Cress)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A Rushworth ◽  
Tom Mitchell-Olds
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Evolution Of Sex ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Despite decades of research, the evolution of sex remains an enigma in evolutionary biology. Typically, research addresses the costs of sex and asexuality to characterize the circumstances favoring one reproductive mode. Surprisingly few studies address the influence of common traits that are, in many organisms, obligately correlated with asexuality, including hybridization and polyploidy. These characteristics have substantial impacts on traits under selection. In particular, the fitness consequences of hybridization (i.e., reduced fitness due to interspecific reproductive isolation) will influence the evolution of sex. This may comprise a cost of either sex or asexuality due to the link between hybridity and asexuality. We examined reproductive isolation in the formation of de novo hybrid lineages between 2 widespread species in the ecological model system Boechera. Seventeen percent of 664 crosses produced F1 fruits, and only 10% of these were viable, suggesting that postmating prezygotic and postzygotic barriers inhibit hybrid success in this system. The postmating prezygotic barrier was asymmetrical, with 110 of 115 total F1 fruits produced when Boechera stricta acted as maternal parent. This asymmetry was confirmed in wild-collected lineages, using a chloroplast phylogeny of wild-collected B. stricta, Boechera retrofracta, and hybrids. We next compared fitness of F2 hybrids and selfed parental B. stricta lines, finding that F2 fitness was reduced by substantial hybrid sterility. Multiple reproductively isolating barriers influence the formation and fitness of hybrid lineages in the wild, and the costs of hybridization likely have profound impacts on the evolution of sex in the natural environment.

XERIS/APEX

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Richard Wai
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Distributed System ◽  
Dynamic Scaling ◽  
Distributed Application ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
System Models ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
On Line ◽  
Language Technologies

Modern day cloud native applications have become broadly representative of distributed systems in the wild. However, unlike traditional distributed system models with conceptually static designs, cloud-native systems emphasize dynamic scaling and on-line iteration (CI/CD). Cloud-native systems tend to be architected around a networked collection of distinct programs ("microservices") that can be added, removed, and updated in real-time. Typically, distinct containerized programs constitute individual microservices that then communicate among the larger distributed application through heavy-weight protocols. Common communication stacks exchange JSON or XML objects over HTTP, via TCP/TLS, and incur significant overhead, particularly when using small size message sizes. Additionally, interpreted/JIT/VM-based languages such as Javascript (NodeJS/Deno), Java, and Python are dominant in modern microservice programs. These language technologies, along with the high-overhead messaging, can impose superlinear cost increases (hardware demands) on scale-out, particularly towards hyperscale and/or with latency-sensitive workloads.

scholarly journals Changes in Intravenous Immunoglobulin Usage for Hypogammaglobulinemia After Implementation of a Stewardship Program

2020 ◽  
pp. OP.20.00312
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Derman ◽  
Zachary Schlei ◽  
Sandeep Parsad ◽  
Kathleen Mullane ◽  
Randall W. Knoebel
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Car T ◽  
History Of ◽  
Igg Level ◽  
Ivig Administration

PURPOSE: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used to replenish immunoglobulins in hypogammaglobulinemia (HG) caused by hematologic malignancies (HM) or their treatment (autologous stem-cell transplantation [ASCT] and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy [CAR-T]), in an effort to reduce the risk of infections. However, there is limited evidence to support this use, and IVIG supplies are limited and shortages are common. METHODS: An IVIG stewardship program (ISP) was implemented with the following requirements for IVIG administration: immunoglobulin G (IgG) level < 400 mg/dL (corrected for paraprotein) for post-ASCT and post–CAR-T patients, or IgG < 400 mg/dL with a history of a bacterial infection within the preceding 3 months for those with HM. Comparisons of the amount of IVIG administered, the incidence of infections, and the use of antimicrobials were performed between the 3 months before ISP and the 3 months after ISP. RESULTS: IVIG administered for HG decreased from 4,902 g in 86 patients before ISP to 1,777 g in 55 patients after ISP, a cost savings of $44,700. Adherence to ISP guidelines was 80%. Compared with before ISP, patients who stopped receiving IVIG after ISP had lower nadir IgG, fewer infections/patient-months, less antimicrobial usage, and a lower hospitalization rate for infection; no deaths occurred. Compared with before ISP, patients receiving IVIG after ISP had lower predose IgG and fewer infections/patient-months; the antibiotic usage, hospitalization rate for infection, and deaths from infection remained stable. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first ISP to lead to a dramatic decrease in IVIG usage with high adherence, primarily by selecting out patients at low risk of infection after IVIG discontinuation. Such an ISP is replicable and warrants adoption.

On-Line Documentation Systems: History and Issues

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Limanowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Electronic Data Processing ◽  
Documentation System ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
Documentation Systems ◽  
Paper Documentation

The present paper provides a brief history of Electronic Data Processing Systems and their supporting user documentation. The problems inherent to paper documentation are highlighted. Techniques employed to improve on-line reject messages in addition to the development of an online user documentation system are discussed. Future challenges facing the human factors specialist involved in development of on-line documentation are outlined.

CORRELATED RESPONSE IN BROWN SARSON

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Swamy Rao
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Previous History ◽  
The Self ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Direction Opposite ◽  
Brown Sarson

The correlated response with changes in self-compatibility in three varieties of brown sarson subjected to gamma irradiation was examined. Selection for improved seed set in the irradiated populations showed that substantial correlated response can result for a constellation of other characters in which the self-compatible and self-incompatible forms differ. The correlated response was in a direction opposite to that of the previous history of selection.

Le fonti, i metodi e le narrazioni della storia della videoarte in Italia negli anni Settanta

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Parola
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Video Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Many ◽  
Art And Architecture ◽  
Selection Of

This essay derives from the primary need to make order between direct and indirect sources available for the reconstruction of the history of video art in Italy in the seventies. In fact, during the researches for the Ph.D. thesis it became clear that in most cases it is difficult to define, in terms of facts, which of the different historiographies should be taken into consideration to deepen the study of video art in Italy. Beyond legitimate differences of perspectives and methods, historiographical narratives all share similar issues and narrative structure. The first intention of the essay is, therefore, to compare the different historiographic narratives on Italian video art of the seventies, verifying their genealogy, the sources used and the accuracy of the narrated facts. For the selection of the corpus, it was decided to analyze in particular monographic volumes dealing with the history of the origins of video art in Italy. The aim was, in fact, to get a wide range of types of "narrations", as in the case of contemporary art and architecture magazines, which are examined in the second part of the essay. After the selection, for an analytical and comparative study of the various historiography, the essay focuses only on the Terza Biennale Internazionale della Giovane Pittura. Gennaio ’70. Comportamenti, oggetti e mediazioni (Third International Biennial of Young Painting. January '70. Behaviors, Objects and Mediations, 1970, Bologna), the exhibition which - after Lucio Fontana's pioneering experiments - is said to be the first sign of the arrival of videotape in Italy (called at the time videorecording), curated by Renato Barilli, Tommaso Trini, Andrea Emiliani and Maurizio Calvesi. The narration given so far of this exhibition appeared more mythological than historical and could be compared structurally to that of the many numerous beginnings that historiographyies on international video art identify as ‘first’ and ‘generative’. In the first part of the essay the 'facts' related to Gennaio ’70, as narrated by historiography on video art, are compared. In the second part the survey is carried out through some of the direct sources identified during the research, with the aim of answering to questions raised by the comparison between historiographies. Concluding, it is important to underline that the tapes containing the videos transmitted have not been found and seem to have disappeared since the ending of the exhibition. Nevertheless, the deepening of the works and documentation transmitted during the exhibition is possible thanks to other types of sources which give us many valuable information regarding video techniques and practices at the beginning of 1970 in Italy.

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