scholarly journals Assessing spread risk of Wuhan novel coronavirus within and beyond China, January-April 2020: a travel network-based modelling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengjie Lai ◽  
Isaac I. Bogoch ◽  
Nick W Ruktanonchai ◽  
Alexander Watts ◽  
Xin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
International Travel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cordon Sanitaire ◽  
The City

AbstractBackgroundA novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan City, China, at the end of 2019 and has caused an outbreak of human-to-human transmission with a Public Health Emergency of International Concern declared by the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020.AimWe aimed to estimate the potential risk and geographic range of Wuhan novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) spread within and beyond China from January through to April, 2020.MethodsA series of domestic and international travel network-based connectivity and risk analyses were performed, by using de-identified and aggregated mobile phone data, air passenger itinerary data, and case reports.ResultsThe cordon sanitaire of Wuhan is likely to have occurred during the latter stages of peak population numbers leaving the city before Lunar New Year (LNY), with travellers departing into neighbouring cities and other megacities in China. We estimated that 59,912 air passengers, of which 834 (95% UI: 478 - 1349) had 2019-nCoV infection, travelled from Wuhan to 382 cities outside of mainland China during the two weeks prior to Wuhan’s lockdown. The majority of these cities were in Asia, but major hubs in Europe, the US and Australia were also prominent, with strong correlation seen between predicted importation risks and reported cases. Because significant spread has already occurred, a large number of airline travellers (3.3 million under the scenario of 75% travel reduction from normal volumes) may be required to be screened at origin high-risk cities in China and destinations across the globe for the following three months of February to April, 2020 to effectively limit spread beyond its current extent.ConclusionFurther spread of 2019-nCoV within China and international exportation is likely to occur. All countries, especially vulnerable regions, should be prepared for efforts to contain the 2019-nCoV infection.

scholarly journals General Guidelines in the Management of an Obstetrical Patient on the Labor and Delivery Unit during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (08) ◽  
pp. 829-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela J. Stephens ◽  
John R. Barton ◽  
Nana-Ama Ankumah Bentum ◽  
Sean C. Blackwell ◽  
Baha M. Sibai
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Labor And Delivery ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Obstetrical Patient ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection that was first identified in China. Since its emergence in December 2019, the virus has rapidly spread, transcending geographic barriers. The World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have declared COVID-19 as a public health crisis. Data regarding COVID-19 in pregnancy is limited, consisting of case reports and small cohort studies. However, obstetric patients are not immune from the current COVID-19 pandemic, and obstetric care will inevitably be impacted by the current epidemic. As such, clinical protocols and practice on labor and delivery units must adapt to optimize the safety of patients and health care workers and to better conserve health care resources. In this commentary, we provide suggestions to meet these goals without impacting maternal or neonatal outcomes. Key Points • Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic.• COVID-19 impacts care of obstetric patients.• Health care should be adapted for the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals IVERMECTIN AS ADJUVANT TO HYDROXYCHOLOROQUINE IN PATIENTS RESISTANT TO STANDARD TREATMENT FOR SARS-CoV-2: RESULTS OF AN OPEN-LABEL RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Naveen Kishoria ◽  
S.L Mathur ◽  
Veeram Parmar ◽  
Rimple Jeet Kaur ◽  
Harish Agarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

A cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology was reported from the city of Wuhan, in the Hubei province of China, in December 2019. A novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the causative agent of the disease which was subsequently termed as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the lower res-piratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans.

scholarly journals Knowledge Hiding: One of the Primary Reasons behind the Rapid Spread of the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Abraham Cyril Issac
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Cordon Sanitaire ◽  
Knowledge Hiding ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract The world is battling out the pandemic of Covid-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) is jointly acting upon the same daily, which is evident from the ‘situation reports.’ The pandemic, which saw its origin in Wuhan, has spread across the world within a short span of under two months. While the pandemic has effectively instilled a situation of cordon sanitaire across the globe, the virus seems to show no respite. This study collates different sources and establishes the human tendency of knowledge hiding as the prime reason for the spread of such colossal magnitudes. The study underlines the notion by examining some of the critical cases and situations that have unfolded in the very recent past.

scholarly journals Does Zero-COVID neglect health disparities?

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107763
Author(s):  
Nancy S Jecker ◽  
Derrick K S Au
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Us ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Ethical Basis

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) first declared the novel coronavirus a pandemic, diverse strategies have emerged to address it. This paper focuses on two leading strategies, elimination and mitigation, and examines their ethical basis. Elimination or ‘Zero-COVID’ dominates policies in Pacific Rim societies. It sets as a goal zero deaths and seeks to contain transmission using stringent short-term lockdowns, followed by strict find, test, trace and isolate methods. Mitigation, which dominates in the US and most European nations, sets targets for community transmission and lifts restrictions once targets are met. This approach takes calculated risks and regards a certain amount of disease and death as ethically justified. Section I examines different societal responses to risk that underlie these different policy approaches. Section II focuses on ethical arguments favouring Zero-COVID and raises health equity objections. Section III proposes a long-term strategy that balances the twin goals of promoting population health and health equity.

scholarly journals Pregnancy and COVID-19, a brief review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Vasylyeva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
World Health ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus capable of causing a severe acute respiratory syndrome. First identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the virus spread around the world and is characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. According to Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, presently total confirmed cases mounted 156,400 with total death of 5,833 around the world, among them 2,952 cases in the US and 57 deaths.  This article summarizes what is presently known about COVID-19 infection in pregnant women, and review unique risk factors for severity of viral illnesses among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Current and emerging diagnostic tests available for the novel COVID-19 global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Mboowa
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) upgraded the status of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak from epidemic to a global pandemic. This infection is caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Several rapid diagnostic tests have been developed at an astonishing pace; however, COVID-19 requires more highly specific rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests. This review describes the currently available testing approaches, as well as the available test assays including the Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 test (takes ~45 min) and Abbott ID COVID-19 test (5 min) as easy to use point-of-care tests for diagnosis of novel COVID-19 that have so far received the US Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorizations clearance. This review is correct as of the date published and will be updated as more diagnostic tests come to light.

scholarly journals The effect of opening up the US on COVID-19 spread

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bryant ◽  
Arne Elofsson
Keyword(s):  
International Travel ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemic Response

AbstractIn response to the pandemic development of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), governments worldwide have implemented strategies of suppression by non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Such NPIs include social distancing, school closures, limiting international travel and complete lockdown. Worldwide the NPIs enforced to limit the spread of COVID-19 are now being lifted. Understanding how the risk increases when NPIs are lifted is important for decision making. Treating NPIs equally across countries and regions limits the possibility for modelling differences in epidemic response, as the response to the NPIs influences can vary between regions and this can affect the epidemic outcome, so do the strength and speed of lifting these. Our solution to this is to measure mobility changes from mobile phone data and their impacts on the basic reproductive number. We model the epidemic in all US states to compare the difference in outcome if NPIs are lifted or retained. We show that keeping NPIs just a few weeks longer has a substantial impact on the epidemic outcome.

scholarly journals FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN LIGHT OF PANDEMIC COVID-19FOR MEDIUM CARE POSITIVE CASES UNIT(MCU)AT 57357CCHE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 953-960
Author(s):  
Afaf A. Amin ◽  
◽  
Gulsen A. Saleh ◽  
Ahmed S. Khedr ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The City

COVID-19 is a new strain of coronavirus to which humans have not got immunity. It originated in China and has quickly spread around the world.It is a disease caused by an infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus, first identified in the city of Wuhan, in Chinas Hubei province in December 2019. COVID-19 was previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease before the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the official name as COVID-19 in February 2020. Like the other coronaviruses, the SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily causes respiratory tract infections, and the severity of the COVID-19 disease can range from mild to fatal.

scholarly journals Pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19, clinical examples

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-722
Author(s):  
N. N. Meshcheryakova ◽  
A. S. Belevskiy ◽  
A. V. Kuleshov
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The City

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection was identified in the People’s Republic of China centerd in the city of Wuhan. The official name COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease 2019) was assigned to the infection caused by the novel coronavirus by the World Health Organization on February 11, 2020. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses assigned the name to the causative agent of the infection – SARS-CoV-2 on February 11, 2020. The bilateral pneumonia is currently known to be the most common clinical manifestation of the variant of coronavirus infection. The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome was found in 3 – 4% of patients. As a result of pneumonia, patients develop ventilation and perfusion disorders, weakness of skeletal muscles. To recover patients after viral pneumonia, methods of pulmonary rehabilitation should be applied. This article represents the methods of pulmonary rehabilitation aimed to improve the blood circulation in the lungs, the ventilation-perfusion ratios, and to the restoration of the skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in the light of current clinical eye research

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199891
Author(s):  
Mashael Al-Namaeh
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Chinese Province ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

COVID-19 is a disease caused by a SARS-CoV-2 virus infection first reported in Wuhan city, Chinese province of Hubei, in December 2019. Previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease, COVID-19 was declared official name by the World Health Organization (WHO) as COVID-19 in February 2020. By July 2nd, 2020 10,818,005 confirmed cases with 519,467 COVID-19 deaths worldwide. The aim of this review article is to inform the audience of what is available in the current literature on how COVID-19 affects the eyes in adults, children, and elderly. PubMed search was used between December 2019 and July 2nd, 2020. Randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case reports, and letters of research, letters to editors were selected for confirmed cases of COVID-19. According to current scientific literature since the outbreak in December 2019 there have been 218 papers written. Conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctvitis have been reported in adults with COVID-19. Further studies are needed in children and geriatric patients.

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