scholarly journals Type II Fusarium head blight susceptibility factor identified in wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hales ◽  
A. Steed ◽  
V. Giovannelli ◽  
C. Burt ◽  
M. Lemmens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Susceptibility Factor ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) causes significant grain yield and quality reductions in wheat and barley. Most wheat varieties are incapable of preventing FHB spread through the rachis, but disease is typically limited to individually infected spikelets in barley. We point inoculated wheat lines possessing barley chromosome introgressions to test whether FHB resistance could be observed in a wheat genetic background. The most striking differential was between 4H(4D) substitution and 4H addition lines. The 4H addition line was similarly susceptible to the wheat parent, but the 4H(4D) substitution line was highly resistant, which suggests that there is an FHB susceptibility factor on wheat chromosome 4D. Point inoculation of Chinese Spring 4D ditelosomic lines demonstrated that removing 4DS results in high FHB resistance. We genotyped four Chinese Spring 4DS terminal deletion lines to better characterise the deletions in each line. FHB phenotyping indicated that lines del4DS-2 and del4DS-4, containing smaller deletions, were susceptible and had retained the susceptibility factor. Lines del4DS-3 and del4DS-1 contain larger deletions and were both significantly more resistant, and hence had presumably lost the susceptibility factor. Combining the genotyping and phenotyping results allowed us to refine the susceptibility factor to a 31.7 Mbp interval on 4DS.HighlightWe have identified a Type II Fusarium head blight susceptibility factor on the short arm of wheat chromosome 4D and refined its position to a 31.7 Mbp interval.

scholarly journals Type II Fusarium head blight susceptibility conferred by a region on wheat chromosome 4D

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (16) ◽  
pp. 4703-4714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hales ◽  
Andrew Steed ◽  
Vincenzo Giovannelli ◽  
Christopher Burt ◽  
Marc Lemmens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Susceptibility Factor ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes significant grain yield and quality reductions in wheat and barley. Most wheat varieties are incapable of preventing FHB spread through the rachis, but disease is typically limited to individually infected spikelets in barley. We point-inoculated wheat lines possessing barley chromosome introgressions to test whether FHB resistance could be observed in a wheat genetic background. The most striking differential was between 4H(4D) substitution and 4H addition lines. The 4H addition line was similarly susceptible to the wheat parent, but the 4H(4D) substitution line was highly resistant, which suggests that there is an FHB susceptibility factor on wheat chromosome 4D. Point inoculation of Chinese Spring 4D ditelosomic lines demonstrated that removing 4DS results in high FHB resistance. We genotyped four Chinese Spring 4DS terminal deletion lines to better characterize the deletions in each line. FHB phenotyping indicated that lines del4DS-2 and del4DS-4, containing smaller deletions, were susceptible and had retained the susceptibility factor. Lines del4DS-3 and del4DS-1 contain larger deletions and were both significantly more resistant, and hence had presumably lost the susceptibility factor. Combining the genotyping and phenotyping results allowed us to refine the susceptibility factor to a 31.7 Mbp interval on 4DS.

scholarly journals Discovery of a Promising Susceptibility Factor for Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavit Chhabra ◽  
Vijay Tiwari ◽  
Bikram S Gill ◽  
Yanhong Dong ◽  
Nidhi Rawat
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Dicoccoides ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Susceptibility Factor ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
Fhb Resistance

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) disease of wheat caused by Fusarium spp. deteriorates both quantity and quality of the crop. Manipulation of susceptibility factors, the genes facilitating disease development in plants, offers a novel and alternative strategy for enhancing FHB resistance in plants. In this study, a major effect susceptibility gene for FHB was identified on the short arm of chromosome 7A (7AS). Nullisomic-tetrasomic lines for homoeologous group-7 of wheat revealed dosage effect of the gene, with tetrasomic 7A being more susceptible than control Chinese Spring wheat, qualifying it as a bonafide susceptibility factor. The gene locus was conserved in six chromosome 7A inter-varietal wheat substitution lines of diverse origin and a tetraploid Triticum dicoccoides genotype. The susceptibility gene was named as SF7ASFHB and mapped on chromosome 7AS to 48.5-50.5 Mb peri-centromeric region between del7AS-3 and del7AS-8. Our results showed that deletion of SF7ASFHB imparts ~ 50-60% type 2 FHB resistance (against the spread of the fungal pathogen) and its manipulation may lead to enhanced resistance against FHB in wheat.HighlightDiscovery and mapping of a conserved susceptibility factor located on the short arm of wheat chromosome 7A whose deletion makes plants resistant to Fusarium Head Blight.

scholarly journals Genetically Engineered Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in Wheat by Expression of Arabidopsis NPR1

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragiba Makandar ◽  
Juliane S. Essig ◽  
Melissa A. Schapaugh ◽  
Harold N. Trick ◽  
Jyoti Shah
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Functional Analog ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sumai 3

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of wheat and barley which causes extensive losses worldwide. Monogenic, gene-for-gene resistance to FHB has not been reported. The best source of resistance to FHB is a complex, quantitative trait derived from the wheat cv. Sumai 3. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1 gene (AtNPR1), which regulates the activation of systemic acquired resistance, when expressed in the FHB-susceptible wheat cv. Bobwhite, confers a heritable, type II resistance to FHB caused by Fusarium graminearum. The heightened FHB resistance in the transgenic AtNPR1-expressing wheat is associated with the faster activation of defense response when challenged by the fungus. PR1 expression is induced rapidly to a high level in the fungus-challenged spikes of the AtNPR1-expressing wheat. Furthermore, benzothiadiazole, a functional analog of salicylic acid, induced PR1 expression faster and to a higher level in the AtNPR1-expressing wheat than in the nontransgenic plants. We suggest that FHB resistance in the AtNPR1-expressing wheat is a result of these plants being more responsive to an endogenous activator of plant defense. Our results demonstrate that NPR1 is an effective candidate for controlling FHB.

Characterization of an alien source of resistance to Fusarium head blight transferred to Chinese Spring wheat1ECORC contribution #10-151.

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Miller ◽  
E.M. Watson ◽  
J. Lazebnik ◽  
S. Gulden ◽  
M. Balcerzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Very few sources of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat have been identified. Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D.R. Dewey (2n = 14, EE genome), a wild relative of wheat, carries resistance to FHB on the long arm of its chromosome 7E (7EL). In this report, a strain of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, the principal causal agent of FHB, transformed to produce green fluorescent protein (GFP), was used to characterize the resistance carried by 7EL when expressed in the susceptible background of 'Chinese Spring' (CS) wheat. Inoculated spikelets of the addition line CS-7EL showed less infection than those of the parental line, CS. This was associated in CS-7EL with upregulation of many genes predicted to be involved in plant defence and downregulation of genes associated with salicylic-acid-induced defence. The difference between CS and CS-7EL in the progression of infection was striking; the fungus spread easily and extensively from the inoculated spikelet into the node and adjacent spikelets in CS, but was effectively blocked from spreading in CS-7EL. Microscopic data showed that fungal growth was inhibited within the inoculated spikelet in CS-7EL, and spread was completely blocked by the node tissue. The blocking of fungal growth through the node into the rachis correlates with the deposition of an unidentified substance in CS-7EL. Additionally, longer internode segments in CS-7EL versus CS may contribute to limiting fungal spread. Our results suggest that the resistance displayed by CS-7EL is multifaceted, involving both physical and chemical factors.

scholarly journals Exploring Fusarium Head Blight Resistance In a Winter Triticale Germplasm Collection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney Wallace ◽  
Bhavit Chhabra ◽  
Yanhong Dong ◽  
Xuefeng Ma ◽  
Gary Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a destructive disease affecting the grain yield and quality of wheat, barley, rye and triticale. Developing varieties with genetic resistance is integral to successfully managing FHB. However, significant knowledge gap exists in the genetic diversity present in triticale for FHB resistance. This information is critical for breeding new varieties of triticale as its production continues to increase. In the present study, a set of 298 winter triticale accessions from a worldwide collection were screened for their type-2 FHB resistance in an artificially inoculated misted nursery with high levels of inoculum density. Most of the triticale accessions were susceptible to FHB, and only 8% of accessions showed resistance in the field nursery screening. The resistant accessions identified in the nursery screening were selected and further screened for three years in greenhouse conditions. Seven accessions were found to show robust FHB resistance over the three years of greenhouse testing. Thirteen accessions showed significantly lower levels of Deoxynivalenol accumulation when compared to the susceptible triticale control. The accessions identified in the study will be useful in triticale and wheat breeding programs for enhancing FHB resistance and reducing DON accumulation.

Introgression of Thinopyrum elongatum DNA fragments carrying resistance to fusarium head blight into Triticum aestivum cultivar Chinese Spring is associated with alteration of gene expression.

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Haldar ◽  
Farideh Tekieh ◽  
Margaret Balcerzak ◽  
Danielle Wolfe ◽  
DaEun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

The tall wheatgrass species <i>Thinopyrum elongatum</i> carries on the long arm of its chromosome 7E a locus contributing strongly to resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating fungal disease affecting wheat crops in all temperate areas of the world. Introgression of <i>Th. elongatum</i> 7E chromatin into chromosome 7D of wheat was induced by the <i>ph1b</i> mutant of CS. Recombinants between chromosome 7E and wheat chromosome 7D, induced by the <i>ph1b</i> mutation, were monitored by a combination of molecular markers and phenotyping for FHB resistance. Progeny of up to five subsequent generations derived from two lineages, 64-8 and 32-5, were phenotyped for FHB symptoms and genotyped using published and novel 7D- and 7E-specific markers. Fragments from the distal end of 7EL, still carrying FHB resistance and estimated to be less than 114 and 66 Mbp, were identified as introgressed into wheat chromosome arm 7DL of progeny derived from 64-8 and 32-5, respectively. Gene expression analysis revealed variation in the level of expression of genes from the distal ends of 7EL and 7DL in the introgressed progeny. The 7EL introgressed material will facilitate use of the 7EL FHB resistance locus in wheat breeding programs.

Masked mycotoxins: does breeding for enhanced Fusarium head blight resistance result in more deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in new wheat varieties?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lemmens ◽  
B. Steiner ◽  
M. Sulyok ◽  
P. Nicholson ◽  
A. Mesterhazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Highly Correlated

From economic and environmental points of view, enhancing resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is regarded as the best option to reduce fungal colonisation and the concomitant mycotoxin contamination. This review focuses on the effect of FHB resistance on deoxynivalenol (DON) and the masked metabolite deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3-glucoside) in wheat. Based on published information complemented with our own results we draw the following conclusions: (1) All investigated wheat cultivars can convert DON to DON-3-glucoside. Hence, detoxification of DON to DON-3-glucoside is not a new trait introduced by recent resistance breeding against FHB. (2) The amount of DON-3-glucoside relative to DON contamination can be substantial (up to 35%) and is among other things dependent on genetic and environmental factors. (3) Correlation analyses showed a highly significant relationship between the amount of FHB symptoms and DON contamination: breeding for FHB resistance reduces DON contamination. (4) DON contamination data are highly correlated with DON-3-glucoside concentration data: in other words, reduction of DON content through resistance breeding results in a concomitant reduction in DON-3-glucoside content. (5) The DON-3-glucoside/DON ratio increases with decreasing DON contamination: the most resistant lines with the lowest DON contamination show the highest relative level of DON-3-glucoside to DON. In summary, introgressing FHB resistance reduces both DON and DON-3-glucoside levels in the grain, but the reduction is lower for the masked toxin. DON-3-glucoside can represent a possible hazard to human and animal health, especially in wheat samples contaminated with DON close to permitted limits.

scholarly journals Updating the Breeding Philosophy of Wheat to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB): Resistance Components, QTL Identification, and Phenotyping—A Review

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Akos Mesterhazy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Kernel Infection ◽  
Trait Locus

Fusarium head blight has posed continuous risks to wheat production worldwide due to its effects on yield, and the fungus provides additional risks with production of toxins. Plant resistance is thought to be the most powerful method. The host plant resistance is complex, Types I–V were reported. From the time of spraying inoculation (Type I), all resistance types can be identified and used to determine the total resistance. Type II resistance (at point inoculation) describes the spread of head blight from the ovary to the other parts of the head. Therefore, it cannot solve the resistance problem alone. Type II QTL (quantitative trait locus) Fhb1 on 3BS from Sumai 3 descendant CM82036 secures about the same resistance level as Type I QTL does on 5AS and 5ASc in terms of visual symptoms, FDK (Fusarium damaged kernel), and deoxynivalenol response. Recently, increasing evidence supports the association of deoxynivalenol (DON) content and low kernel infection with FHB (Fusarium head blight) resistance (Types III and IV), as QTL for individual resistance types has been identified. In plant breeding practice, the role of visual selection remains vital, but the higher correlations for FDK/DON make it possible to select low-DON genotypes via FDK value. For phenotyping, the use of more independent inocula (isolates or mixtures) makes resistance evaluation more reliable. The large heterogeneity of the mapping populations is a serious source of underestimating genetic effects. Therefore, the increasing of homogeneity is a necessity. As no wheat varieties exist with full resistance to FHB, crops must be supported by proper agronomy and fungicide use.

Advances in genetic improvement of durable resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-242
Author(s):  
Guihua Bai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Different Sources

Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease in wheat worldwide. Wheat resistance to FHB is a complex with five types. Each type of resistance is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with most having minor effects and being affected by environments. This chapter describes methodologies used for evaluating different types of resistance, consolidates the QTLs for type II and Type III resistance into 26 repeatable QTLs, discusses progresses made in genetics and breeding of wheat FHB resistance, and discusses possible new breeding strategies for FHB resistance improvement. The 26 repeatable QTL were located in ~100 Mb intervals based on IWGSC reference sequence map, which will be critical QTLs for functional marker development and for improvement of FHB resistance in breeding. Genomic selection (GS) together with marker-assisted selection (MAS) coupling with phenotypic selection will facilitate accumulation of multiple QTLs from different sources to create highly resistant cultivars.

Transfer of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance from Thinopyrum elongatum to bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
Dawn Chi ◽  
Danielle Wolfe ◽  
Thérèse Ouellet ◽  
Wenguang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Bread Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Thinopyrum Elongatum

The diploid form of Tall Wheatgrass, Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D. R. Dewey (2n = 2x = 14, EE genome) has a high level of resistance to Fusarium head blight. The symptoms do not spread beyond the inoculated floret following point inoculation. Using the series of E genome chromosome additions in a bread wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS) background, the resistance was found to be localized to the long arm of chromosome 7E. CS mutant ph1b was used to induce recombination between chromosome 7E, present in the 7E(7D) substitution and homoeologous wheat chromosomes. Multivalent chromosome associations were detected in BC1 hybrids attesting to the effectiveness of the ph1b mutant. Genetic markers specific for chromosome 7E were used to estimate the size of the 7E introgression in the wheat genome. Using single sequence repeat (SSR) markers specific for homoeologous wheat chromosome 7, introgressions were detected on wheat chromosomes 7A, 7B and 7D. Some of the introgression lines were resistant to Fusarium head blight.

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