scholarly journals Domestication reprogrammed the budding yeast life cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo De Chiara ◽  
Benjamin Barré ◽  
Karl Persson ◽  
Amadi Onyetuga Chioma ◽  
Agurtzane Irizar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
World Population ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Quiescent Cells ◽  
Gamete Formation ◽  
The World ◽  
Wild Yeasts ◽  
Yeast Evolution

AbstractDomestication of plants and animals is the foundation for feeding the world population. We report that domestication of the model yeast S. cerevisiae reprogrammed its life cycle entirely. We tracked growth, gamete formation and cell survival across many environments for nearly 1000 genome sequenced isolates and found a remarkable dichotomy between domesticated and wild yeasts. Wild yeasts near uniformly trigger meiosis and sporulate when encountering nutrient depletions, whereas domestication relaxed selection on sexual reproduction and favoured survival as quiescent cells. Domestication also systematically enhanced fermentative over respiratory traits while decreasing stress tolerance. We show that this yeast domestication syndrome was driven by aneuploidies and gene function losses that emerged independently in multiple domesticated lineages during the specie’s recent evolutionary history. We found domestication to be the most dramatic event in budding yeast evolution, raising questions on how much domestication has distorted our understanding of this key model species.

Deep Learning and Computer Vision in Smart Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-88
Author(s):  
Shiv Kumar ◽  
Agrima Yadav ◽  
Deepak Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
World Population ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
The Many

The exponential growth in the world population has led to an ever-increasing demand for food supplies. This has led to the realization that conventional and traditional methods alone might not be able to keep up with this demand. Smart agriculture is being regarded as one of the few realistic ways that, together with the traditional methods, can be used to close the gap between the demand and supply. Smart agriculture integrates the use of different technologies to better monitor, operate, and analyze different activities involved in different phases of the agricultural life cycle. Smart agriculture happens to be one of the many disciplines where deep learning and computer vision are being realized to be of major impact. This chapter gives a detailed explanation of different deep learning methods and tries to provide a basic understanding as to how these techniques are impacting different applications in smart agriculture.

Future of Life-Cycle Assessment in a Smart and/or Sustainable World

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-207
Author(s):  
Aryan Shahabian ◽  
Alireza Fadai ◽  
Thomas Peruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

Today, even in developed countries, performing life-cycle assessment (LCA) is still a challenging and complex process, mixed with the possibility of significant errors—namely due to unreliable input data derived from unrepresentative sampling. Some scientific texts illustrate the so-called Smart World—where such errors are minimized via the exchange of information between everything globally. This may sound contradictory to the fact that now almost half the world population do not even have internet access. However, this chapter shows—by reasoning, review, and synthesis of the literature, theories, and data—that the emergence of the Smart World is plausible. Yet, it will not necessarily be sustainable, unless “smartness” is (re)defined in line with the Sustainable Development Goals. Otherwise, also, LCA might become obsolete, or its goals may transmute to non-sustainable ones. Focusing on examples from the construction industry and their interactions with other sectors, some shortcuts are also suggested to facilitate innovations and development of LCA and decision-making procedures.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C--new developments in the studies of the viral life cycle.

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Rychłowska ◽  
Krystyna Bieńkowska-Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Viral Life Cycle ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cell Culture System ◽  
The World

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a causative agent of chronic liver disease leading to cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. The prevalence of HCV is estimated as 3% of the world population and the virus is a major public health problem all over the world. For over 16 years, since HCV had been discovered, studies of the mechanisms of the viral life cycle and virus-host interactions have been hampered by the lack of a cell culture system allowing the virus to be grown in laboratory conditions. However, in recent years some new model systems to study HCV have been developed. The major breakthrough of the last two years was the cell culture system for maintaining the virus in an adapted hepatocyte-derived cell line. This review describes the techniques and applications of most of the in vitro systems and animal models currently used for working with hepatitis C virus.

Making Human Rights a Reality

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
World Population ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
National Human ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
National Human Rights Institutions

In the last six decades, one of the most striking developments in international law is the emergence of a massive body of legal norms and procedures aimed at protecting human rights. In many countries, though, there is little relationship between international law and the actual protection of human rights on the ground. This book takes a fresh look at why it's been so hard for international law to have much impact in parts of the world where human rights are most at risk. The book argues that more progress is possible if human rights promoters work strategically with the group of states that have dedicated resources to human rights protection. These human rights “stewards” can focus their resources on places where the tangible benefits to human rights are greatest. Success will require setting priorities as well as engaging local stakeholders such as nongovernmental organizations and national human rights institutions. To date, promoters of international human rights law have relied too heavily on setting universal goals and procedures and not enough on assessing what actually works and setting priorities. This book illustrates how, with a different strategy, human rights stewards can make international law more effective and also safeguard human rights for more of the world population.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

Intervenções de carreira ao longo da vida: perspectivas e desafios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iúri Novaes Luna ◽  
Valéria De Bettio Mattos
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Development ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Career Interventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychosocial Processes ◽  
Diversity Of Life ◽  
Professional Guidance ◽  
Central Purpose

This book, comprised of 13 chapters, presents papers which discuss the processes related to the career along one’s life cycle, from adolescents’ professional choices until processes of retirement. Notwithstanding the diversity of life and work contexts, present in the different chapters, they all somewhat correspond in their central purpose, presenting both perspectives and challenges related to contemporary career interventions. Some chapters address themes that are still seldom explored in national literature, while others discuss subjects that are long established in the area, however they are innovative. The authors study them in the context of changes in the world of work in the second decade of the 21st century, of the new career models and psychosocial processes that are linked to human development throughout life. The studies and practices in vocational guidance, career development and retirement, included in this book, are the results of research and practice in recent years carried out by professionals, professors and academics that in different ways have collaborated with the activities of LIOP - Laboratory of Information and Professional Guidance, at the Federal University of Santa Catarina.

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

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