scholarly journals Estimation of the Potential Impact of COVID-19 Responses on the HIV Epidemic: Analysis using the Goals Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Stover ◽  
Newton Chagoma ◽  
Isaac Taramusi ◽  
Yu Teng ◽  
Rob Glaubius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Condom Distribution ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Potential Impact

SummaryWe applied a simulation model of HIV to analyze the effects of 3 and 6-month disruptions in health services as a result of COVID-19. We found that disruptions to primary prevention programs (male circumcision, behavior change programs, condom distribution) would have small but transitory effects on new infections that might be more than offset by reductions in commercial and multi-partner sex due to lock downs. However, if COVID-19 leads to disruptions in ART services the impacts on mortality could be severe, doubling or tripling the estimated number of HIV deaths in 2020.

scholarly journals Systematic review of international clinical guidelines for the promotion of physical activity for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Aerts ◽  
D. Le Goff ◽  
M. Odorico ◽  
J. Y. Le Reste ◽  
P. Van Bogaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are the world’s leading cause of morbidity and mortality. An active lifestyle is one of the cornerstones in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. An initial step in guiding primary prevention programs is to refer to clinical guidelines. We aimed to systematically review clinical practice guidelines on primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and their recommendations regarding physical activity. Methods We systematically searched Trip Medical Database, PubMed and Guidelines International Network from January 2012 up to December 2020 using the following search strings: ‘cardiovascular disease’, ‘prevention’, combined with specific cardiovascular disease risk factors. The identified records were screened for relevance and content. We methodologically assessed the selected guidelines using the AGREE II tool. Recommendations were summarized using a consensus-developed extraction form. Results After screening, 27 clinical practice guidelines were included, all of which were developed in Western countries and showed consistent rigor of development. Guidelines were consistent about the benefit of regular, moderate-intensity, aerobic physical activity. However, recommendations on strategies to achieve and sustain behavior change varied. Multicomponent interventions, comprising education, counseling and self-management support, are recommended to be delivered by various providers in primary health care or community settings. Guidelines advise to embed patient-centered care and behavioral change techniques in prevention programs. Conclusions Current clinical practice guidelines recommend similar PA lifestyle advice and propose various delivery models to be considered in the design of such interventions. Guidelines identify a gap in evidence on the implementation of these recommendations into practice.

scholarly journals Behavior Change Pathways to Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision: Narrative Interviews with Circumcision Clients in Zambia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e111602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Price ◽  
Lyson Phiri ◽  
Drosin Mulenga ◽  
Paul C. Hewett ◽  
Stephanie M. Topp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Change ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Medical Male Circumcision

scholarly journals Dementia risk communication. A user manual for Brain Health Services—part 3 of 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie N. C. Visser ◽  
Carolina Minguillon ◽  
Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides ◽  
Marc Abramowicz ◽  
Daniele Altomare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Risk Profiling ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests dementia incidence can be reduced through prevention programs targeting risk factors. To accelerate the implementation of such prevention programs, a new generation of brain health services (BHS) is envisioned, involving risk profiling, risk communication, risk reduction, and cognitive enhancement. The purpose of risk communication is to enable individuals at risk to make informed decisions and take action to protect themselves and is thus a crucial step in tailored prevention strategies of the dementia incidence. However, communicating about dementia risk is complex and challenging.In this paper, we provide an overview of (i) perspectives on communicating dementia risk from an ethical, clinical, and societal viewpoint; (ii) insights gained from memory clinical practice; (iii) available evidence on the impact of disclosing APOE and Alzheimer’s disease biomarker test results gathered from clinical trials and observational studies; (iv) the value of established registries in light of BHS; and (v) practical recommendations regarding effective strategies for communicating about dementia risk.In addition, we identify challenges, i.e., the current lack of evidence on what to tell on an individual level—the actual risk—and on how to optimally communicate about dementia risk, especially concerning worried yet cognitively unimpaired individuals. Ideally, dementia risk communication strategies should maximize the desired impact of risk information on individuals’ understanding of their health/disease status and risk perception and minimize potential harms. More research is thus warranted on the impact of dementia risk communication, to (1) evaluate the merits of different approaches to risk communication on outcomes in the cognitive, affective and behavioral domains, (2) develop an evidence-based, harmonized dementia risk communication protocol, and (3) develop e-tools to support and promote adherence to this protocol in BHSs.Based on the research reviewed, we recommend that dementia risk communication should be precise; include the use of absolute risks, visual displays, and time frames; based on a process of shared decision-making; and address the inherent uncertainty that comes with any probability.

The Funding, Administrative, and Policy Influences on the Evaluation of Primary Prevention Programs in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schwarzman ◽  
A. Bauman ◽  
B. J. Gabbe ◽  
C. Rissel ◽  
T. Shilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs

Which Way Drug Education?

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Wepner
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Drug Education ◽  
School Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soft Drugs

Given the increasingly permissive nationwide attitude toward abuse of marijuana and other soft drugs, in what direction should school-based education/prevention programs move? After reviewing the history of such programs, the author offers a plan to decrease the incidence of adolescent drug abuse by utilizing an array of non-educational resources including youth oriented media. Achieving this goal will permit educational programs to shift their energies and resources back to primary prevention and away from intervention and treatment.

A Primer on Tort Liability of Primary Prevention Programs

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-88
Author(s):  
Joanna K. Weinberg ◽  
David I. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Tort Liability

scholarly journals Child-Centred Health Dialogue for primary prevention of obesity in Child Health Services – a feasibility study

2019 ◽  
pp. 140349481989102
Author(s):  
Mariette Derwig ◽  
Irén Tiberg ◽  
Jonas Björk ◽  
Inger Hallström
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Dialogue

Aims: The aim of this study was to test a Child-Centred Health Dialogue model for primary prevention of obesity for 4-year-old children in Child Health Services, for its feasibility and the responsiveness of its outcomes. Methods: A feasibility study was set up with a non-randomised quasi-experimental cluster design comparing usual care with a structured multicomponent Child-Centred Health Dialogue consisting of two parts: (1) a universal part directed to all children and (2) a targeted part for families where the child is identified with overweight. Results: In total, 203 children participated in Child-Centred Health Dialogue while 582 children received usual care. Nurses trained in the model were able to execute both the universal health dialogue and the targeted part of the intervention. Tutorship enabled the nurses to reflect on and discuss their experiences, which strengthened their confidence and security. One year after the intervention fewer normal-weight 4-year-olds in the intervention group had developed overweight at the age of five compared with the control group, and none had developed obesity. The difference in overweight prevalence at follow-up did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a child-centred, multicomponent, interactive intervention for the promotion of healthy lifestyles and primary prevention of obesity for all 4-year-old children participating in Child Health Services is feasible on a small scale. As almost all caregivers make use of Child Health Services in Sweden, the findings should be confirmed in a randomised controlled trial before the intervention can be implemented on a larger scale.

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