scholarly journals Strength of attention-sampling parietal EEG theta rhythm is linked to impaired inhibition in adult ADHD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ultan Cowley ◽  
Kristiina Juurmaa ◽  
Jussi Palomäki
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Impaired Attention ◽  
Phase Locking Value

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is understudied, especially regarding neural mechanisms such as oscillatory control of attention sampling. We report an EEG study of such cortical oscillations, in ADHD-diagnosed adults taking a continuous performance test that measures the ability to sustain attention and inhibit impulsivity for a prolonged period of time.We recorded 53 adults (28f, 25m, aged 18-60), and 18 matched healthy controls, using 128-channel EEG. We analysed features with established links to neural correlates of attention: event-related (de)synchronisation (ERS/D), alpha and theta frequency band activation, phase-locking value (PLV), and timing-sensitivity indices; in frontal and parietal scalp regions.Test performance distinguished healthy controls from ADHD adults. The ADHD group manifested significantly less parietal pre-stimulus 8Hz theta ERS during correct inhibition trials, less frontal & parietal post-stimulus 4Hz theta ERS during inhibition & response trials, and increased frontal & parietal pre-stimulus alpha ERS during inhibition & response. They showed significantly reduced fronto-parietal connectivity that lagged across trials and was strongly lateralised. In addition, they had reduced sensitivity to targets in stimulus-locking measures.Building on the hypothesis of parietal attention sampling, our results suggest that ADHD adults have impaired attention sampling in relational categorisation tasks.

Executive functioning in high-IQ adults with ADHD

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1909-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Antshel ◽  
S. V. Faraone ◽  
K. Maglione ◽  
A. E. Doyle ◽  
R. Fried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Psychological Tests ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Card Sorting

BackgroundTo examine the association between psychological tests of executive functioning and functional outcomes among high-IQ adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodSubjects were high-IQ adults with (n=64) and without ADHD (n=53). Subjects were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing executive functioning.ResultsHigh-IQ adults with ADHD performed less well than those without ADHD on several psychological tests of executive functioning, including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Color and Word Test, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and an auditory continuous performance test (CPT). Test performance in the high-IQ adult ADHD group, however, was average. In the entire sample, performance on several tests of executive functioning including the ROCF and the CVLT were significant predictors of real-world functioning.ConclusionsHigh-IQ adults with ADHD perform less well on tests of executive functioning relative to high-IQ control participants. Performance on several tests of executive functioning was a significant predictor of functioning.

scholarly journals Mindfulness Meditation Improves Mood, Quality of Life, and Attention in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Freire Bueno ◽  
Elisa H. Kozasa ◽  
Maria Aparecida da Silva ◽  
Tânia Maria Alves ◽  
Mario Rodrigues Louzã ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Impaired Attention

Objective. Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display affective problems and impaired attention. Mood in ADHD can be improved by mindful awareness practices (MAP), but results are mixed regarding the enhancement of attentional performance. Here we evaluated MAP-induced changes in quality of life (QoL), mood, and attention in adult ADHD patients and controls using more measures of attention than prior studies.Methods. Twenty-one ADHD patients and 8 healthy controls underwent 8 weekly MAP sessions; 22 similar patients and 9 controls did not undergo the intervention. Mood and QoL were assessed using validated questionnaires, and attention was evaluated using the Attentional Network Test (ANT) and the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT II), before and after intervention.Results. MAP enhanced sustained attention (ANT) and detectability (CPT II) and improved mood and QoL of patients and controls.Conclusion. MAP is a complementary intervention that improves affect and attention of adults with ADHD and controls.

Eye Tracking During a Continuous Performance Test: Utility for Assessing ADHD Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472097278
Author(s):  
Astar Lev ◽  
Yoram Braw ◽  
Tomer Elbaum ◽  
Michael Wagner ◽  
Yuri Rassovsky
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
And Gender

Objective: The use of continuous performance tests (CPTs) for assessing ADHD related cognitive impairment is ubiquitous. Novel psychophysiological measures may enhance the data that is derived from CPTs and thereby improve clinical decision-making regarding diagnosis and treatment. As part of the current study, we integrated an eye tracker with the MOXO-dCPT and assessed the utility of eye movement measures to differentiate ADHD patients and healthy controls. Method: Adult ADHD patients and gender/age-matched healthy controls performed the MOXO-dCPT while their eye movements were monitored ( n = 33 per group). Results: ADHD patients spent significantly more time gazing at irrelevant regions, both on the screen and outside of it, than healthy controls. The eye movement measures showed adequate ability to classify ADHD patients. Moreover, a scale that combined eye movement measures enhanced group prediction, compared to the sole use of conventional MOXO-dCPT indices. Conclusions: Integrating an eye tracker with CPTs is a feasible way of enhancing diagnostic precision and shows initial promise for clarifying the cognitive profile of ADHD patients. Pending replication, these findings point toward a promising path for the evolution of existing CPTs.

scholarly journals The Role of Self- and Informant-Reports on Symptoms and Impairments in the Clinical Evaluation of Adult ADHD

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4564
Author(s):  
Nana Guo ◽  
Anselm B. M. Fuermaier ◽  
Janneke Koerts ◽  
Bernhard W. Mueller ◽  
Christian Mette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Comparison

Little is known about which clinical features may aid the differentiation between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other clinical conditions. This study seeks to determine the role of self- and informant reports on symptoms and impairments in the clinical evaluation of adult ADHD and explore their association with objective neuropsychological test performance by examining data of 169 outpatients referred for a diagnostic evaluation of adult ADHD. Participants were assigned either to an ADHD group (ADHD, n = 73) or one of two clinical comparison groups, depending on whether they show indications (Clinical Comparison Group, CCG, n = 53) or no indications (Clinical Comparison Group—Not Diagnosed, CCG-ND, n = 43) of psychiatric disorders other than ADHD. All participants and their informants completed a set of questionnaires. Compared to the CCG-ND, the ADHD group obtained significantly higher scores on ADHD symptoms, impulsivity, cognitive deficits, and anxiety. Compared to the CCG, the ADHD group scored significantly higher on ADHD symptoms but lower on depression. Further regression analyses revealed that self- and informant reports failed to predict neuropsychological test performance. Self- and informant reported information may be distinct features and do not correspond to results of objective neuropsychological testing.

The Utility of Self-Report Measures and the Continuous Performance Test in the Diagnosis of ADHD in Adults

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Solanto ◽  
Kenneth Etefia ◽  
David J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Axis I

ABSTRACTBackground: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs in as many as 4% of adults yet it is often not recognized in clinical settings because the presenting symptoms may resemble those seen in other disorders or because symptoms may be masked by commonly comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression.Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic utility of instruments commonly used in the assessment of adults presenting with symptoms of ADHD.Methods: We reviewed several widely used self-report and laboratory measures and empirically examined the utility of the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale for Adults (Brown ADD Scale) and the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT) in differentially identifying adults with ADHD and those with other Axis I disorders.Results:Ninety-three adults who self-referred to the ADHD program for adults at a university medical center participated in the study. Of these, 44 had ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-CB), and 26 had ADHD, predominantly inattentive subtype (ADHD-IA). Thirty-three non-ADHD adults diagnosed with Axis I mood or anxiety disorders comprised an “Other Psychiatric” group. Rates of comorbid disorders, including substance abuse, in the ADHD groups were typical of those reported in the adult ADHD literature. Data on the Brown ADD Scale and on the CPT were available for subsets of 61 and 46 participants, respectively. Analyses showed that the ADHD-CB, ADHD-IA, and Other Psychiatric groups all received mean scores in the clinical range on the Brown ADD Scale, with a trend toward even higher elevations in the two ADHD groups. Among 12 CPT variables assessed for the three groups, the mean scores on only two variables for the ADHD-IA group were clinically elevated. Neither the Brown ADD Scale nor CPT scores evinced sufficient sensitivity and specificity to qualify them to assist in differential diagnosis of ADHD vis-a-vis other, predominantly internalizing, psychiatric disorders.Conclusion: The results indicate a need for closer examination of executive and adaptive functioning in adults with ADHD compared with those with internalizing disorders in order to identify features that could assist in differential diagnosis.

Feigned ADHD Associated Cognitive Impairment: Utility of Integrating an Eye-trAcker and the MOXO-dCPT

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110636
Author(s):  
Astar Lev ◽  
Tomer Elbaum ◽  
Corinne Berger ◽  
Yoram Braw
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Validity Indicators ◽  
Initial Exploration

Objective: The current study assessed the utility of eye-movements measures, gathered while participants performed a commercially available Continuous Performance Test (CPT), to detect feigned ADHD-associated cognitive impairment. Method: Healthy simulators ( n = 37), ADHD patients ( n = 33), and healthy controls ( n = 36) performed an eye-tracker integrated MOXO-dCPT and a stand-alone validity indicator. Results: Simulators gazed significantly longer at regions that were irrelevant for successful MOXO-dCPT performance compared to ADHD patients and healthy controls. This eye-movement measure, however, had lower sensitivity than traditional MOXO-dCPT indices. Discussion: Gaze direction measures, gathered while performing a CPT, show initial promise as validity indicators. Traditional CPT measures, however, are more sensitive and therefore offer a more promising path for the establishment of CPT-based validity indicators. The current study is an initial exploration of the issue and further evaluation of both theoretical and practical aspects is mandated.

Methylphenidate Reduces State Anxiety During a Continuous Performance Test That Distinguishes Adult ADHD Patients From Controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Bloch ◽  
Shai Aviram ◽  
Aviv Segev ◽  
Uri Nitzan ◽  
Yechiel Levkovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Functional Difficulties

Objective: We hypothesized that patients with ADHD were typified by distress more than by functional difficulties. Thus, a decline in state anxiety while performing a cognitive task when taking methylphenidate would discriminate between ADHD patients and controls. Method: State anxiety and cognitive performance on a continuous performance test were assessed in ADHD patients and controls with and without taking methylphenidate. Results: State anxiety and cognitive performance improved from baseline in 36 ADHD adults after taking methylphenidate. In 25 controls, cognitive performance improved, but state anxiety did not abate after a recess. In two additional studies, 5 controls were evaluated at baseline and after receiving methylphenidate, and showed improvement in cognitive assessment but not in state anxiety. Five ADHD adults were assessed at baseline and after a recess, and showed no improvement. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that adult ADHD patients are characterized by distress and the relief of this distress under effective therapy as expressed by a decline in state anxiety while they perform a cognitive task.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document