scholarly journals Mutation density changes in SARS-CoV-2 are related to the pandemic stage but to a lesser extent in the dominant strain with mutations in spike and RdRp

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doğa Eskier ◽  
Aslı Suner ◽  
Gökhan Karakülah ◽  
Yavuz Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Mutations

AbstractSince its emergence in Wuhan, China in late 2019, the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have been among the most debated issues related to COVID-19. Throughout its spread around the world, the viral genome continued acquiring new mutations and some of them became widespread. Among them, 14408 C>T and 23403 A>G mutations in RdRp and S, respectively, became dominant in Europe and the US, which led to debates regarding their effects on the mutability and transmissibility of the virus. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible differences between time-dependent variation of mutation densities (MDe) of viral strains that carry these two mutations and those that do not. Our analyses at the genome and gene level led to two important findings: First, time-dependent changes in the average MDe of circulating SARS-CoV-2 genomes showed different characteristics before and after the beginning of April, when daily new case numbers started levelling off. Second, this pattern was much delayed or even non-existent for the “mutant” (MT) strain that harbored both 14408 C>T and 23403 A>G mutations. Although these differences were not limited to a few hotspots, it is intriguing that the MDe increase is most evident in two critical genes, S and Orf1ab, which are also the genes that harbor the defining mutations of the MT genotype. The nature of these unexpected relationships warrant further research.

scholarly journals Mutation density changes in SARS-CoV-2 are related to the pandemic stage but to a lesser extent in the dominant strain with mutations in spike and RdRp

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doğa Eskier ◽  
Aslı Suner ◽  
Gökhan Karakülah ◽  
Yavuz Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Viral Genome ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Mutations

Since its emergence in Wuhan, China in late 2019, the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have been among the most debated issues related to COVID-19. Throughout its spread around the world, the viral genome continued acquiring new mutations and some of them became widespread. Among them, 14408 C>T and 23403 A>G mutations in RdRp and S, respectively, became dominant in Europe and the US, which led to debates regarding their effects on the mutability and transmissibility of the virus. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible differences between time-dependent variation of mutation densities (MDe) of viral strains that carry these two mutations and those that do not. Our analyses at the genome and gene level led to two important findings: First, time-dependent changes in the average MDe of circulating SARS-CoV-2 genomes showed different characteristics before and after the beginning of April, when daily new case numbers started levelling off. Second, this pattern was much delayed or even non-existent for the “mutant” (MT) strain that harbored both 14408 C>T and 23403 A>G mutations. Although these differences were not limited to a few hotspots, it is intriguing that the MDe increase is most evident in two critical genes, S and Orf1ab, which are also the genes that harbor the defining mutations of the MT genotype. The nature of these unexpected relationships warrants further research.

scholarly journals Istanbul 2007

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gönül Dönmez-Colin
Keyword(s):  
International Competition ◽  
Film Festival ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

ISTANBUL INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL Istanbul International Film Festival (31 March-15 April 2007) celebrated its 26th birthday this spring with more than 200 films from around the world. This year, for the first time in its history, the festival opened with a film by a Turkish director, Ferzan Özpetek although the Italian production Saturn Opposite about depressed 40-year olds nostalgic about their youth, featuring some of the well-known actors of Italy could hardly be considered a Turkish film. The closing film was the US production, The Good German by Steven Soderbergh featuring George Clooney and Cate Blanchett. The films that compete for the Golden Tulip award are chosen for their relation to art and the artist or are adaptations from literary works. The fact that Istanbul takes place shortly before Cannes makes it rather difficult to find quality films for the International Competition, which had not been previously screened elsewhere....

Onto the World Stage

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-40
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Crist
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
State Department ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Time Out ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Concert Halls ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time

This chapter concerns the internationalization of the Dave Brubeck Quartet. After several years of preliminary discussions, in 1958 the group finally traveled abroad for the first time, on a three-month trip, largely under the auspices of the US State Department. By this time, the Quartet’s personnel finally reached a steady state, after a series of different bass players and drummers. The “classic” Quartet was the group of musicians who recorded Time Out the next year. Around the same time, Brubeck became increasingly involved with issues of civil rights. The Quartet also made history in the late 1950s by performing jazz in concert halls and on college campuses. Finally, Dave and Iola Brubeck devoted themselves tirelessly to the creation and promotion of The Real Ambassadors, a musical that they hoped would be produced on Broadway.

scholarly journals Comparison of outcomes from COVID infection in pediatric and adult patients before and after the emergence of Omicron

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Wang ◽  
Nathan A Berger ◽  
Pamela B davis ◽  
David C Kaelber ◽  
Nora D Volkow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant is rapidly spreading in the US since December 2021 and is more contagious than earlier variants. Currently, data on the severity of the disease caused by the Omicron variant compared with the Delta variant is limited. Here we compared 3-day risks of emergency department (ED) visit, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation in patients who were first infected during a time period when the Omicron variant was emerging to those in patients who were first infected when the Delta variant was predominant. Method This is a retrospective cohort study of electronic health record (EHR) data of 577,938 first-time SARS-CoV-2 infected patients from a multicenter, nationwide database in the US during 9/1/2021-12/24/2021, including 14,054 who had their first infection during the 12/15/2021-12/24/2021 period when the Omicron variant emerged (Emergent Omicron cohort) and 563,884 who had their first infection during the 9/1/2021-12/15/2021 period when the Delta variant was predominant (Delta cohort). After propensity-score matching the cohorts, the 3-day risks of four outcomes (ED visit, hospitalization, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation) were compared. Risk ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Of 14,054 patients in the Emergent Omicron cohort (average age, 36.4), 27.7% were pediatric patients (<18 years old), 55.4% female, 1.8% Asian, 17.1% Black, 4.8% Hispanic, and 57.3% White. The Emergent Omicron cohort differed significantly from the Delta cohort in demographics, comorbidities, and socio-economic determinants of health. After propensity-score matching for demographics, socio-economic determinants of health, comorbidities, medications and vaccination status, the 3-day risks in the Emergent Omicron cohort outcomes were consistently less than half those in the Delta cohort: ED visit: 4.55% vs. 15.22% (risk ratio or RR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.28-0.33); hospitalization: 1.75% vs. 3.95% (RR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.38-0.52]); ICU admission: 0.26% vs. 0.78% (RR: 0.33, 95% CI:0.23-0.48); mechanical ventilation: 0.07% vs. 0.43% (RR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08-0.32). In children under 5 years old, the overall risks of ED visits and hospitalization in the Emergent Omicron cohort were 3.89% and 0.96% respectively, significantly lower than 21.01% and 2.65% in the matched Delta cohort (RR for ED visit: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.14-0.25; RR for hospitalization: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19-0.68). Similar trends were observed for other pediatric age groups (5-11, 12-17 years), adults (18-64 years) and older adults (>= 65 years). Conclusions First time SARS-CoV-2 infections occurring at a time when the Omicron variant was rapidly spreading were associated with significantly less severe outcomes than first-time infections when the Delta variant predominated.

The Christian Understanding of Time

1951 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Epistle To The Hebrews ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Christian Understanding ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Christian Message

The Christian understanding of time is characterised by an event which is the very centre of the Christian message, and of which it is said that it happened once and for all. This ephapax is evidently an essential part of the theology of St. Paul and of the Epistle to the Hebrews. The Christian conceives of time like everything else from this centre, i.e. from Jesus Christ, and therefore it is from this centre that our reflection upon the essence of time has to start. This must be stated explicitly because another point of departure has been suggested by traditional theology. Certainly it was an act of great intuition on the part of St. Augustine when in his Confessions he dared, for the first time in history, to put forward the idea that the world was neither timeless and eternal, nor created at a certain point in the time-series, but that the world and time were created together. Therefore if the world and time have the same beginning in creation, it becomes meaningless to ask what God did before the creation of the world. The whole schema of before and after, the framework of time, cannot be regarded as existing before creation, but as coming into being with creation, itself a temporal fact.

scholarly journals Thinking (America) After Cavell

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-117
Author(s):  
Alonso Gamarra
Keyword(s):  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

I read Stanley Cavell’s This New Yet Unapproachable America for the first time over a two-day bus ride from Montreal to Chicago. This happened a little bit more than a year ago, in March 2018, when I came back to the US, where I grew up undocumented.The following essay tries to respond to that reading from both a deep attachment to Cavell’s writing and a wish to learn how to think after his picture of American thinking. Alternatively, I can also say that this essay is an attempt at sitting with an irresolvable pull between the unapproachability of things, and the need of confronting the world with itself along the lines in which it meets in a series of topics and a place.

Photoacoustic Technique in the Study of Photosynthesis in Aquatic Lirium (Eichhornia Crassipes)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Calderón ◽  
A. Cardona ◽  
G. Juárez Gracia ◽  
E. Marín ◽  
Cesar Mora
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Photoacoustic Technique ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectra ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bodies Of Water ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTWe report, for the first time, the application of the photoacoustic spectroscopy for monitoring the optical absorption spectra in aquatic lirium (Eichhornia Crassipes), before and after it was exposed to ultrasonic irradiations. We obtained a decrease in the amplitude of the bands of the chlorophylls a and b for the irradiated samples with ultrasound of 17 kHz and 1.5 mW/cm2 of power density, and therefore, damage in the centers producing the photosynthesis, due to the irradiation. These results show the utility of the ultrasonic irradiation, as well as, of the photosynthesis monitoring by means of the photoacoustic technique, for the elaboration and establishment of methodologies in the control of this aquatic plant, whose propagation causes many consequences extremely unfavorable for the environment, as well as for the diverse human activities that are developed in the bodies of water in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.

scholarly journals Security information resources and strategies of the XXI century

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Violeta Ioana Nagat
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Change ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Security Information ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
First Time

National Intelligence is a priority of national security strategies and intelligence to the US security and defence or in the UE States (Strategists/White Books), by which it is proposed, for the first time, achieving an overall, systematic reforms and long term to this area for important strands of which mention: coordination, structural transformations, the formation of a new structureImprove the quality and activity of human resources reform in the intelligence research, technical development capabilities for gathering information. The dynamics of transformations is necessary to streamline the work of intelligence organizations. In Romania there is an older Security Strategy (2006) and no Intelligence strategy, which would need to be developed. Whatever the model and how to design, american or european, for turning his Romanian intelligence is important for their effectiveness by the maximum of the intelligence community and its components. All these directions and actions are required to be prepared for the strategic change in the world and intelligenceul in order to meet the new challenges of the 21st century.

scholarly journals COVID infection severity in children under 5 years old before and after Omicron emergence in the US

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Wang ◽  
Nathan A Berger ◽  
David C Kaelber ◽  
Pamela B Davis ◽  
Nora D Volkow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
First Time ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Importance Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospitalizations are rising in the US and other countries after the emergence of Omicron variant. However data on disease severity from Omicron compared with Delta in children under 5 in the US is lacking. Objectives To compare severity of clinic outcomes in children under 5 who contracted COVID infection for the first time before and after the emergence of Omicron in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This is a retrospective cohort study of electronic health record (EHR) data of 79,592 children under 5 who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection for the first time, including 7,201 infected when the Omicron predominated (Omicron cohort), 63,203 infected when the Omicron predominated (Delta cohort), and another 9,188 infected when the Omicron predominated but immediately before the Omicron variant was detected in the US (Delta-2 cohort). Exposures First time infection of SARS-CoV-2. Main Outcomes and Measures After propensity-score matching, severity of COVID infections including emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and mechanical ventilation use in the 3-day time-window following SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared between Omicron and Delta cohorts, and between Delta-2 and Delta cohorts. Risk ratios, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results Among 7,201 infected children in the Omicron cohort (average age of 1.49 years), 47.4% were female, 2.4% Asian, 26.1% Black, 13.7% Hispanic, and 44.0% White. Before propensity score matching, the Omicron cohort were younger than the Delta cohort (average age 1.49 vs 1.73 years), comprised of more Black children, and had fewer comorbidities. After propensity-score matching for demographics, socio-economic determinants of health, comorbidities and medications, risks for severe clinical outcomes in the Omicron cohort were significantly lower than those in the Delta cohort: ED visits: 18.83% vs. 26.67% (risk ratio or RR: 0.71 [0.66-0.75]); hospitalizations: 1.04% vs. 3.14% (RR: 0.33 [0.26-0.43]); ICU admissions: 0.14% vs. 0.43% (RR: 0.32 [0.16-0.66]); mechanical ventilation: 0.33% vs. 1.15% (RR: 0.29 [0.18-0.46]). Control studies comparing Delta-2 to Delta cohorts show no difference. Conclusions and Relevance For children under age 5, first time SARS-CoV-2 infections occurring when the Omicron predominated (prevalence >92%) was associated with significantly less severe outcomes than first-time infections in similar children when the Delta variant predominated.

scholarly journals «Highly respected master!»: correspondence of Jacques Hnizdovsky and Roman Ferencevych. 1977–1985 (in the Manuscript Division of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv)

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-457
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Senyk
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Voice Of America ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Art Activities ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Voice

The article describes correspondence of the world-known artist Jacques Hnizdovsky and the editor Roman Ferencevych, kept in the Manuscript Division of Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. Thirty three letters of Jacques Hnizdovsky that reveal his creative workshop during the heyday of his artistic talent, as well as twelve letters of Roman Ferencevych are presented to the scholar public for the first time. The Appendix contains six letters of R. Ferentsevych’s correspondence concerning Jacques Hnizdovsky, and also the letter of Stefanie Hnizdovsky. Roman Ferencevych, a printer and then a broadcaster in the Voice of America (Ukrainian service), first met Jacques Hnizdovsky in Svoboda printing plant in Jersey City, N. J. where he made impressions of larger-sized woodcuts. Hnizdovsky made a bookplate woodcut for the book collection of R. Ferencevych in 1979. The artist used the ink roller as a symbol of the noble profession of printing. In 1985 Jacques Hnizdovsky made the second bookplate using the Cyrillic initials «РФ». The following issues were reflected in the correspondence: creativity, directions of activity and various professional interests of the artist, ways of popularizing his art in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, China; his cooperation with art and professional organizations, academic institutions, as well as art galleries in the USA, Canada, and Western Europe; application of the Ukrainian alphabet letters in printing art; activities of Ukrainian art institutions in the US and Canada. Keywords: Jacques Hnizdovsky, Roman Ferencevych, Correspondence, Bookplate (Ex Libris), Woodcut.

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