scholarly journals Limited evidence for parallel evolution among desert adapted Peromyscus deer mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn P. Colella ◽  
Anna Tigano ◽  
Olga Dudchenko ◽  
Arina D. Omer ◽  
Ruqayya Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Candidate Loci

ABSTRACTPhenotypic plasticity enables an immediate response to changing conditions, but for most species, evolutionary change through adaptation will be more important for long-term survival. Warming climate and increasing desertification urges the identification of genes involved in heat-and dehydration-tolerance to better inform and target biodiversity conservation efforts. Comparisons among extant desert adapted species can highlight parallel or convergent patterns of genome evolution through the identification of shared signatures of selection. We generate chromosome-level genome assembly for the canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus) and test for signature of parallel evolution by comparing signatures of selective sweeps across population-level genomic resequencing data from another desert specialist deer mouse (P. eremicus) and a widely-distributed habitat generalist (P. maniculatus), that may locally adapted to arid conditions. We identify few shared candidate loci involved in desert adaptation and do not find support for a shared pattern of parallel evolution. Instead, we hypothesize divergent molecular mechanisms of desert adaptation among deer mice, potentially tied to species-specific historical demography, which may limit or enhance adaptation. We identify a number of candidate loci experiencing selective sweeps in the P. crinitus genome that are implicated in osmoregulation (Trypsin, Prostasin) and metabolic regulation (Kallikrein, eIF2-alpha kinase GCN2, APPL1/2), which may be important to accommodating hot and dry environmental conditions.

scholarly journals GENETICS OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE DEER MOUSE, PEROMYSCUS MANICULATUS. II. MULTIPLE ALLELES AT REGULATORY LOCI

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-550
Author(s):  
Lee R G Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Multiple Allele ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Total Hemoglobin ◽  
Regulatory Loci

ABSTRACT Deer mice are polymorphic for electrophoretic hemoglobin phenotypes showing one, two, or three bands. Within the multibanded phenotypes, there is considerable variation in the hemoglobin partitioning, defined as the fraction of total hemoglobin made up by the secondary and tertiary bands. In subspecies sonoriensis, for example, hemoglobin partitionings range from 0.03 to 0.38. The inheritance of partitioning values is under remarkably strict genetic control. The genetic variation is additive and the narrow heritability is close to 1.0. The inheritance data can be modeled in precise detail by postulating multiple-allele polymorphisms at globin regulatory loci. Comparison of simulated versus actual inheritance data demonstrates that the so-called null structural alleles actually produce functional globins.—The genetic controls in Peromyscus may be analogous to those in primates. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms effecting the regulation are unknown. Different subspecies of P. maniculatus show strikingly different arrays of partitioning values, but the role of natural selection in maintaining the quantitative polymorphisms remains obscure

scholarly journals Alternative conifer release treatments affect small mammals in northwestern Ontario

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lautenschlager ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
Robert G. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Common Shrew ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Species Specific

Density changes of small mammals responding to different conifer release treatments (motor-manual [brush saw] cutting; mechanical [Silvana Selective] cutting; helicopter-applied herbicides [Release® (a.i. triclopyr), Vision® (a.i. glyphosate)]; controls [no treatment] were quantified. A total of 4,851 small mammals were captured and released during the three-year study. The most commonly captured (81% of total) species were: shrews (masked [Sorex cinereus Kerr], pygmy [S. hoyi Baird], arctic S. arcticus Kerr]), southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi Vigors), and deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner). Northern short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda Say), eastern (Tamias striants L.) and least (T. minimus Bachman) chipmunks, meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord), ermine (Mustela erminea L.), and meadow jumping mice (Zapus hudsonius Zimm.) were common. Shrew (masked, pygmy, arctic, short-tailed) densities were statistically unaffected by these treatments. Red-backed vole densities were highest on control plots during the first post-treatment growing season, and highest on control and Vision® plots during the second post-treatment growing season. During the first two growing seasons after treatment, deer mouse densities were highest on Silvana Selective plots; eastern chipmunk densities were highest on control, Vision® and Silvana Selective plots; least chipmunk densities were highest on Vision® and Release® plots; and meadow vole densities were highest on Release® plots. Small mammal responses to the alternative conifer release treatments examined were species specific one and two-growing seasons post-treatment, but similar to responses common to the standard (Vision® herbicide) conifer release treatment. Key words: conifer release, Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project, glyphosate, herbicides, Release®, small mammals, spruce plantation, triclopyr, vegetation management alternatives, Vision®, wildlife habitat

scholarly journals Interplay of mesoscale physics and agent-like behaviors in the parallel evolution of aggregative multicellularity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Arias Del Angel ◽  
Vidyanand Nanjundiah ◽  
Mariana Benítez ◽  
Stuart A. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Generic Properties ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Species Specific

ABSTRACTMyxobacteria and dictyostelids are prokaryotic and eukaryotic multicellular lineages, respectively, that after nutrient depletion aggregate and develop into structures called fruiting bodies. The developmental processes and the resulting morphological outcomes resemble one another to a remarkable extent despite their independent origins, the evolutionary distance between them and the lack of traceable levels of homology in the molecular mechanisms of the groups. We hypothesize that the morphological parallelism between the two lineages arises as the consequence of the interplay, within multicellular aggregates, between generic processes, physical and physicochemical processes operating similarly in living and non-living matter at the mesoscale (~10-3-10-1 m) and agent-like behaviors, unique to living systems, characteristic of the constituent cells. To this effect, we analyze the relative contribution of the generic and agent-like determinants in the main phenomena of myxobacteria and dictyostelid development, and their roles in the emergence of their shared traits. We show that as a consequence of aggregation collective cell-cell contacts mediate the emergence of liquid-like properties, making nascent multicellular masses subject to new sets of patterning and morphogenetic processes. In both lineages, this leads to behaviors such as streaming, rippling, and rounding up, similar to effects observed in non-living fluids. Later the aggregates solidify, leading them to exhibit additional generic properties and motifs. We consider evidence that the morphological phenotypes of the multicellular masses deviate from the predictions of generic physics due to the contribution of agent-like behaviors. These include directed migration, quiescence, and oscillatory signal transduction of the cells mediated by responses to external cues acting through species-specific regulatory and signaling mechanisms reflecting the evolutionary histories of the respective organisms. We suggest that the similar developmental trajectories of Myxobacteria and Dictyostelia are more plausibly due to shared generic physical processes in coordination with analogous agent-type behaviors than to convergent evolution under parallel selection regimes. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of the existence and synergy of these two categories of developmental factors for evolutionary theory.

Seeds of doubt: feeding preferences of white-footed deer mice (Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis) and woodland deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis) on maple (genus Acer) seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Species Specific

This study explores foraging choices made by seed predators (white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis (Fischer, 1829), and woodland deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis (LeConte, 1855)) presented with seeds of two dominant tree species (sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marsh., and red maple, Acer rubrum L.). I hypothesized that both species would prefer A. saccharum seeds, as they are larger and ostensibly contain more energy. Although P. l. noveboracensis consumed more seed than P. m. gracilis, there was also a species-specific difference in preference. Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis clearly preferred A. rubrum over A. saccharum, whereas preferences of P. l. noveboracensis were less specific. Peromyscus leucopus noveboracensis, being a habitat generalist, may demonstrate higher plasticity in response to different food types. Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis may prefer A. rubrum because of differences in nutrition, handling costs, or germination schedules, although this was not explicitly tested. This species-specific difference in preference indicates the common assumption that Peromyscus species are ecologically similar should be made with caution.

A new method to discriminate the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) from the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) using species-specific primers in multiplex PCR

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1832-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Tessier ◽  
Sarah Noël ◽  
François-Joseph Lapointe
Keyword(s):  
Peromyscus Maniculatus ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mitochondrial Region ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
White Footed Mouse

Morphometric measurements or biochemical methods are often required to differentiate deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner, 1845), from white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818), particularly when they are found in sympatry. However, these approaches cannot easily be applied to juveniles, or to degraded or ancient museum specimens. In this paper, we propose a rapid and non-invasive molecular approach to discriminate these cryptic species from one another. This technique relies on species-specific primers designed in the COIII mitochondrial region to amplify fragments of different lengths in each species. The method developed proved useful for the identification of ethanol-preserved, frozen, degraded, or dry museum specimens.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in the North American deer mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan D. Griffin ◽  
Mable Chan ◽  
Nikesh Tailor ◽  
Emelissa J. Mendoza ◽  
Anders Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
North American ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
The North ◽  
Wild Deer ◽  
Theoretical Risk

AbstractWidespread circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in humans raises the theoretical risk of reverse zoonosis events with wildlife, reintroductions of SARS-CoV-2 into permissive nondomesticated animals. Here we report that North American deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection following intranasal exposure to a human isolate, resulting in viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract with little or no signs of disease. Further, shed infectious virus is detectable in nasal washes, oropharyngeal and rectal swabs, and viral RNA is detectable in feces and occasionally urine. We further show that deer mice are capable of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to naïve deer mice through direct contact. The extent to which these observations may translate to wild deer mouse populations remains unclear, and the risk of reverse zoonosis and/or the potential for the establishment of Peromyscus rodents as a North American reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown.

scholarly journals Hypoxic tumor microenvironment: Implications for cancer therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (13) ◽  
pp. 1073-1086
Author(s):  
Sukanya Roy ◽  
Subhashree Kumaravel ◽  
Ankith Sharma ◽  
Camille L Duran ◽  
Kayla J Bayless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Tumor Vasculature ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Cancer Types

Hypoxia or low oxygen concentration in tumor microenvironment has widespread effects ranging from altered angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, tumor metabolism, growth, and therapeutic resistance in different cancer types. A large number of these effects are mediated by the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1⍺ (HIF-1⍺) which is activated by hypoxia. HIF1⍺ induces glycolytic genes and reduces mitochondrial respiration rate in hypoxic tumoral regions through modulation of various cells in tumor microenvironment like cancer-associated fibroblasts. Immune evasion driven by HIF-1⍺ further contributes to enhanced survival of cancer cells. By altering drug target expression, metabolic regulation, and oxygen consumption, hypoxia leads to enhanced growth and survival of cancer cells. Tumor cells in hypoxic conditions thus attain aggressive phenotypes and become resistant to chemo- and radio- therapies resulting in higher mortality. While a number of new therapeutic strategies have succeeded in targeting hypoxia, a significant improvement of these needs a more detailed understanding of the various effects and molecular mechanisms regulated by hypoxia and its effects on modulation of the tumor vasculature. This review focuses on the chief hypoxia-driven molecular mechanisms and their impact on therapeutic resistance in tumors that drive an aggressive phenotype. Impact statement Hypoxia contributes to tumor aggressiveness and promotes growth of many solid tumors that are often resistant to conventional therapies. In order to achieve successful therapeutic strategies targeting different cancer types, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are induced by hypoxia. Aberrant tumor vasculature and alterations in cellular metabolism and drug resistance due to hypoxia further confound this problem. This review focuses on the implications of hypoxia in an inflammatory TME and its impact on the signaling and metabolic pathways regulating growth and progression of cancer, along with changes in lymphangiogenic and angiogenic mechanisms. Finally, the overarching role of hypoxia in mediating therapeutic resistance in cancers is discussed.

scholarly journals An Exon-Based Comparative Variant Analysis Pipeline to Study the Scale and Role of Frameshift and Nonsense Mutation in the Human-Chimpanzee Divergence

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
GongXin Yu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Nonsense Mutations ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
Sequencing Errors ◽  
Evolutionary Force ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Species Specific

Chimpanzees and humans are closely related but differ in many deadly human diseases and other characteristics in physiology, anatomy, and pathology. In spite of decades of extensive research, crucial questions about the molecular mechanisms behind the differences are yet to be understood. Here I reportExonVar, a novel computational pipeline forExon-based human-chimpanzee comparativeVariant analysis. The objective is to comparatively analyze mutations specifically those that caused the frameshift and nonsense mutations and to assess their scale and potential impacts on human-chimpanzee divergence. Genomewide analysis of human and chimpanzee exons withExonVaridentified a number of species-specific, exon-disrupting mutations in chimpanzees but much fewer in humans. Many were found on genes involved in important biological processes such as T cell lineage development, the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, and antigen induced cell death. A “less-is-more” model was previously established to illustrate the role of the gene inactivation and disruptions during human evolution. Here this analysis suggested a different model where the chimpanzee-specific exon-disrupting mutations may act as additional evolutionary force that drove the human-chimpanzee divergence. Finally, the analysis revealed a number of sequencing errors in the chimpanzee and human genome sequences and further illustrated that they could be corrected without resequencing.

The ecology of the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus in a coastal coniferous forest. II. Reproduction

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. F. S. Sadleir
Keyword(s):  
Deer Mouse ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The duration and intensity of reproduction in deer mice was followed for four seasons by live and dead trapping. Three populations living in different types of forest habitat had synchronous breeding seasons, although there were major differences between years in the time of onset and cessation of breeding and in the proportion of females in breeding condition. No consistent relationships were found between either density changes or the incidence of parasitism and reproductive phenology. In the absence of overt food fluctuations there was a relationship between unseasonable temperature changes and breeding. Sudden increases in temperature may have stimulated the onset of breeding but its cessation before the autumn equinox was always associated with a considerable decrease in temperature if this occurred after April. In 57 pregnancies the corpora lutea count was 4.75 ± 1.12 and embryo count was 4.52 ± 1.16. [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Embryo-induced transcriptome changes in bovine endometrium reveal species-specific and common molecular markers of uterine receptivity

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bauersachs ◽  
Susanne E Ulbrich ◽  
Karin Gross ◽  
Susanne E M Schmidt ◽  
Heinrich H D Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cdna Array ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Uterine Receptivity ◽  
Subtracted Cdna Libraries ◽  
Species Specific

The endometrium plays a central role among the reproductive tissues in the context of early embryo–maternal communication and pregnancy. This study investigated transcriptome profiles of endometrium samples from day 18 pregnant vs non-pregnant heifers to get insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in conditioning the endometrium for embryo attachment and implantation. Using a combination of subtracted cDNA libraries and cDNA array hybridisation, 109 mRNAs with at least twofold higher abundance in endometrium of pregnant animals and 70 mRNAs with higher levels in the control group were identified. Among the mRNAs with higher abundance in pregnant animals, at least 41 are already described as induced by interferons. In addition, transcript levels of many new candidate genes involved in the regulation of transcription, cell adhesion, modulation of the maternal immune system and endometrial remodelling were found to be increased. The different expression level was confirmed with real-time PCR for nine genes. Localisation of mRNA expression in the endometrium was shown byin situhybridisation forAGRN,LGALS3BP,LGALS9,USP18,PARP12andBST2. A comparison with similar studies in humans, mice, and revealed species-specific and common molecular markers of uterine receptivity.

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