The Incubation Period of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2:A Systematic Review

While the novel coronavirus continues to spread worldwide, the reported incubation period has varied between studies and is imprecise due to limited data. A literature search with certain selection criteria was conducted on May 30, 2020. In total, sixty-four articles were included, and 854 individual-level data were extracted from 30 studies for pooled analysis. Of these studies, 72% of them reported a median or mean incubation period of 4-7 days, while our estimated median was 4.9 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.6-5.2). However, the inclusion of 81 asymptomatic and presymptomatic patients, as well as 31 cases with incubation periods exceeding 14 days, led to our estimation of 97.5th percentile with 19.2 days (95% CI: 17.4-21.4), beyond the currently suggested 14-day quarantine period. Therefore, we appeal to prolong the quarantine duration, especially for areas that have insufficient testing resources, to protect susceptible populations from being infected.

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Estimating the distribution of the incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection between travelers to Hubei, China and non-travelers

10.1101/2020.02.13.20022822 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Char Leung

Keyword(s):

Incubation Period ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Hubei Province ◽

The Novel ◽

Travel History ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Incubation Periods ◽

The Media ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Individual

AbstractObjectivesAmid the continuing spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the incubation period of COVID-19 should be regularly re-assessed as more information is available upon the increase in reported cases. The present work estimated the distribution of incubation periods of patients infected in and outside Hubei province of China.MethodsClinical data were collected from the individual cases reported by the media as they were not fully available on the official pages of the Chinese health authorities. MLE was used to estimate the distributions of the incubation period.ResultsIt was found that the incubation period of patients with no travel history to Hubei was longer and more volatile.ConclusionIt is recommended that the duration of quarantine should be extended to at least 3 weeks.

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Overweight, obesity, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity: pooled analysis of individual-level data for 120 813 adults from 16 cohort studies from the USA and Europe

The Lancet Public Health ◽

10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30074-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. e277-e285 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Mika Kivimäki ◽

Eeva Kuosma ◽

Jane E Ferrie ◽

Ritva Luukkonen ◽

Solja T Nyberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Individual Level ◽

Level Data ◽

The Usa

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Controlling the cascade of corona

Open Science Journal ◽

10.23954/osj.v5i3.2529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Muneeba Azmat

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

The Novel ◽

Limited Data ◽

Press Releases ◽

The Public ◽

Health Measures ◽

First Case ◽

Pandemic Response ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Novel Coronavirus

The pandemic of the 2019 novel Coronavirus has seen unprecedented exponential growth. Within three months, 192 countries have been affected, crossing more than 1 million confirmed cases and over 60 thousand deaths until the first week of April. Decision making in such a pandemic becomes difficult due to limited data on the nature of the disease and its propagation, course, prevention, and treatment. The pandemic response has varied from country to country and has resulted in a heterogeneous timeline for novel Coronavirus propagation. We compared the public health measures taken by various countries and the potential impact on the spread. We studied 6 countries including China, Italy, South Korea, Singapore, United Kingdom(UK), United States(US), and the special administrative region of Hong Kong. All articles, press releases, and websites of government entities published over a five-month period were included. A comparison of the date of the first diagnosed case, the spread of disease, and time since the first case and major public health policy implemented for prevention and containment and current cases was done. An emphasis on early and aggressive border restriction and surveillance of travelers from infected areas, use of information technology, and social distancing is necessary for control of the novel pandemic. Moving forwards, improvement in infrastructure, and adequate preparedness for pandemics is required.

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Unusual presentation of COVID-19 in a child complicated by massive acute pulmonary embolism and lung infarction

Hematology Reports ◽

10.4081/hr.2021.8874 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tahani Bin Ali ◽

Ghaleb Elyamany ◽

Maha Nojoom ◽

Mohamed Alfaki ◽

Hassan Alahmari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Respiratory Failure ◽

Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Respiratory Illness ◽

Unusual Presentation ◽

The Novel ◽

Limited Data ◽

Progressive Respiratory Failure ◽

Novel Coronavirus

The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (SARSCoV- 2), which was first reported on in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, causes a respiratory illness called COVID- 19 Disease. COVID-19 is most likely causing a hypercoagulable state, however the prevalence of acute venothromboembolism is still unknown. Limited data suggest pulmonary microvascular thrombosis may play a role in progressive respiratory failure. Here, we report a case of a child with an unusual presentation of COVID-19 presented initially by dry cough without fever and complicated by massive acute pulmonary embolism and lung infarction and treated successfully by hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, in addition to anticoagulant therapy.

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The Impact of Postponing 2020 Tokyo Olympics on The Happiness of O-MO-TE-NA-SHI Workers in Tourism: A Consequence of COVID-19

10.20944/preprints202008.0332.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Eiji Yamamura ◽

Yoshiro Tsutsui

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

The Novel ◽

Individual Level ◽

Sporting Event ◽

Japanese Workers ◽

The World ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact ◽

The Postponement ◽

Happiness Level

The 2020 Tokyo Olympics has been postponed due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The implications for industries related to the Olympics—tourism, hotels and restaurants, and others—are expected to be affected by reduced demand. Japanese workers in these industries were prepared to offer their hospitality to visitors from around the world. They would be satisfied from not only an increase in income but also in offering visitors a taste of Tokyo’s great hospitality if the Olympics had been held in 2020. However, postponement of the sporting event is likely to have a significant impact on their happiness level. We independently collected individual-level panel data from March to April 2020. Based on this, we found that the happiness level of workers in the tourism and restaurant sectors declined drastically after the announcement of the postponement. Only two weeks later, their happiness level did not alter from the pre-announcement level. This tendency was strongly observed in Tokyo and the surrounding prefectures, but not in other prefectures. However, workers engaged in the tourism and restaurant sectors did not predict a decrease in their income even after the postponement. Combined, these findings indicate that loss of extending hospitality, rather than reduction in income, temporarily reduces the happiness level of workers.

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The Impact of Postponing 2020 Tokyo Olympics on the Happiness of O-MO-TE-NA-SHI Workers in Tourism: A Consequence of COVID-19

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12198168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 8168

Author(s):

Eiji Yamamura ◽

Yoshiro Tsutsui

Keyword(s):

Panel Data ◽

The Novel ◽

Individual Level ◽

Sporting Event ◽

Japanese Workers ◽

The World ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact ◽

The Postponement ◽

Happiness Level

The 2020 Tokyo Olympics have been postponed due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The implications for industries related to the Olympics—tourism, hotels and restaurants, and others—are expected to be affected by reduced demand. Japanese workers in these industries were prepared to offer their hospitality to visitors from around the world. They would be benefited not only by an increase in income but also in offering visitors a taste of Tokyo’s great hospitality if the Olympics had been held in 2020. However, postponement of the sporting event is likely to have a significant impact on their happiness level. We independently collected individual-level panel data from March to April 2020. In the survey, the respondents were asked about their happiness levels by choosing from 11 categories: 1 (very unhappy) and 11 (very happy). They were also asked about expected income changes from 2020 to 2021. Based on this, we examined the effect of postponement on happiness level and expected income change. The sample was divided into sub-samples of areas including and excluding Tokyo. We found that the happiness level of workers in the tourism and restaurant sectors declined drastically after the announcement of the postponement. Only two weeks later, their happiness level did not alter from the pre-announcement level. This tendency was strongly observed in Tokyo and the surrounding prefectures, but not in other prefectures. However, workers engaged in the tourism and restaurant sectors did not predict a decrease in their income even after the postponement. Combined, these findings indicate that loss of extending hospitality, rather than reduction in income, temporarily reduces the happiness level of workers.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of DataSHIELD: resolving a conflict in contemporary bioscience--performing a pooled analysis of individual-level data without sharing the data.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.14263007.15775127 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Robertson

Keyword(s):

Pooled Analysis ◽

Individual Level ◽

Level Data

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Body Size Indicators and Risk of Gallbladder Cancer: Pooled Analysis of Individual-Level Data from 19 Prospective Cohort Studies

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention ◽

10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0796 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 597-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Peter T. Campbell ◽

Christina C. Newton ◽

Cari M. Kitahara ◽

Alpa V. Patel ◽

Patricia Hartge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Gallbladder Cancer ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Individual Level ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Level Data

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Estimating the incubation period of acute Q fever, a systematic review

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026881700303x ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (6) ◽

pp. 665-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. Todkill ◽

T. Fowler ◽

J.I. Hawker

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Full Text ◽

English Language ◽

Q Fever ◽

Expert Advice ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Individual Level ◽

Level Data ◽

Acute Q Fever

AbstractEstimates of the incubation period for Q fever vary substantially between different reviews and expert advice documents. We systematically reviewed and quality appraised the literature to provide an evidence-based estimate of the incubation period of the Q fever by the aerosolised infection route. Medline (OVIDSP) and EMBASE were searched with the search limited to human studies and English language. Eligible studies included persons with symptomatic, acute Q fever, and defined exposure toCoxiella burnetti. After review of 7115 titles and abstracts, 320 records were screened at full-text level. Of these, 23 studies contained potentially useful data and were quality assessed, with eight studies (with 403 individual cases where the derivation of incubation period was possible) being of sufficient quality and providing individual-level data to produce a pooled summary. We found a median incubation period of 18 days, with 95% of cases expected to occur between 7 and 32 days after exposure.

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