scholarly journals A chimera including a GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR (GRF) and its cofactor GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR (GIF) increases transgenic plant regeneration efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Debernardi ◽  
David M. Tricoli ◽  
Maria F. Ercoli ◽  
Sadiye Hayta ◽  
Pamela Ronald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Dna Manipulation ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Selection Of

Genome editing allows precise DNA manipulation, but its potential is limited in many crops by low regeneration efficiencies and few transformable genotypes. Here, we show that expression of a chimeric protein including wheat GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR 4 (GRF4) and its cofactor GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (GIF1) dramatically increases the efficiency and speed of regeneration in wheat, triticale and rice and expands the number of transformable wheat genotypes. Moreover, GRF4-GIF1 induces efficient wheat regeneration in the absence of exogenous cytokinins, which facilitates selection of transgenic plants without selectable markers. By combining GRF4-GIF1 and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies, we were able to generate large numbers of edited wheat plants. The GRF4-GIF1 transgenic plants were fertile and without obvious developmental defects, likely due to post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms operating on GRF4 in adult tissues. Finally, we show that a dicot GRF-GIF chimera improves regeneration efficiency in citrus suggesting that this strategy can be expanded to dicot crops.

scholarly journals A GRF–GIF chimeric protein improves the regeneration efficiency of transgenic plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1274-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Debernardi ◽  
David M. Tricoli ◽  
Maria F. Ercoli ◽  
Sadiye Hayta ◽  
Pamela Ronald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Regeneration Efficiency

scholarly journals The nuclear receptor HNF4 drives a brush border gene program conserved across murine intestine, kidney, and embryonic yolk sac

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Shirley Luo ◽  
Abigail Dupre ◽  
Roshan P. Vasoya ◽  
Aditya Parthasarathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Networks ◽  
Chromatin Looping ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

AbstractThe brush border is comprised of microvilli surface protrusions on the apical surface of epithelia. This specialized structure greatly increases absorptive surface area and plays crucial roles in human health. However, transcriptional regulatory networks controlling brush border genes are not fully understood. Here, we identify that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) transcription factor is a conserved and important regulator of brush border gene program in multiple organs, such as intestine, kidney and yolk sac. Compromised brush border gene signatures and impaired transport were observed in these tissues upon HNF4 loss. By ChIP-seq, we find HNF4 binds and activates brush border genes in the intestine and kidney. H3K4me3 HiChIP-seq identifies that HNF4 loss results in impaired chromatin looping between enhancers and promoters at gene loci of brush border genes, and instead enhanced chromatin looping at gene loci of stress fiber genes in the intestine. This study provides comprehensive transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and a functional demonstration of a critical role for HNF4 in brush border gene regulation across multiple murine epithelial tissues.

scholarly journals Genetics and Epigenetics of Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estefanía Lozano-Velasco ◽  
Diego Franco ◽  
Amelia Aranega ◽  
Houria Daimi
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Supraventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is known to be the most common supraventricular arrhythmia affecting up to 1% of the general population. Its prevalence exponentially increases with age and could reach up to 8% in the elderly population. The management of AF is a complex issue that is addressed by extensive ongoing basic and clinical research. AF centers around different types of disturbances, including ion channel dysfunction, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, and structural remodeling. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered over 100 genetic loci associated with AF. Most of these loci point to ion channels, distinct cardiac-enriched transcription factors, as well as to other regulatory genes. Recently, the discovery of post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, involving non-coding RNAs (especially microRNAs), DNA methylation, and histone modification, has allowed to decipher how a normal heart develops and which modifications are involved in reshaping the processes leading to arrhythmias. This review aims to provide a current state of the field regarding the identification and functional characterization of AF-related epigenetic regulatory networks

The N-terminal domain of Sxl protein disrupts Sxl autoregulation in females and promotes female-specific splicing of tra in males

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (13) ◽  
pp. 2841-2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Deshpande ◽  
G. Calhoun ◽  
P.D. Schedl
Keyword(s):  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Dominant Negative Activity ◽  
Female Specific

Sex determination in Drosophila depends upon the post-transcriptional regulatory activities of the Sex-lethal (Sxl) gene. Sxl maintains the female determined state and activates female differentiation pathways by directing the female-specific splicing of Sxl and tra pre-mRNAs. While there is compelling evidence that Sxl proteins regulate splicing by directly binding to target RNAs, previous studies indicate that the two Sxl RNA-binding domains are not in themselves sufficient for biological activity and that an intact N-terminal domain is also critical for splicing function. To further investigate the functions of the Sxl N terminus, we ectopically expressed a chimeric protein consisting of the N-terminal 99 amino acids fused to ss-galactosidase. The Nss-gal fusion protein behaves like a dominant negative, interfering with the Sxl autoregulatory feedback loop and killing females. This dominant negative activity can be attributed to the recruitment of the fusion protein into the large Sxl:Snf splicing complexes that are found in vivo and the consequent disruption of these complexes. In addition to the dominant negative activity, the Nss-gal fusion protein has a novel gain-of-function activity in males: it promotes the female-specific processing of tra pre-mRNAs. This novel activity is discussed in light of the blockage model for the tra splicing regulation.

Changing Patterns in the Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Prehistory of Southern Africa as Seen from the Nelson Bay Cave Stone Artifact Sequence

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Deacon
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Middle Stone Age ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Later Stone Age ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Stone Artifact

The dating of the Stone Age sequence in southern Africa has been considerably revised over the last decade, and one of the anomalies which has resulted is that the Middle Stone Age, now dated to beyond 30,000 B.P., does not immediately precede the Later Stone Agesensu stricto. The excavation and analysis of occupation horizons dating between the most recent Middle Stone Age assemblages and the Holocene is therefore of particular interest. Nelson Bay Cave, situated on the southern coast of South Africa, contains deposits which partly fill the “gap” between the Middle and Later Stone Ages, and the occupation horizons dating between about 18,000 and 5000 years ago are described in this paper. Changes in the habitat in the vicinity of the site caused by sea-level and vegetation changes coincident with the amelioration of temperatures at the end of the Pleistocene are clearly marked in the faunal remains at the site. Largely correlated with the faunal changes (which includes the introduction of marine resources to the cave at about 12,000 B.P.) are changes in the stone artifact assemblages. Three industries are recognized in the sequence: the Robberg, characterized by microbladelets produced from bladelet cores and a few small scrapers and backed tools; the Albany, characterized by large scrapers and an absence of backed tools; and the Wilton, characterized by a variety of Formal Tools including relatively large numbers of small scrapers and backed tools. These changes in artifact-manufacturing traditions are interpreted as signaling adjustments to changing environmental conditions. An explanation for these adjustments is not sought in a simple cause-and-effect relationship between the environment and the cultural response; artifact changes are seen instead as the result of a twofold process, with the environment acting as an external stimulus to change, and the direction of the artifact change governed by the selection of a range of possibilities offered by the technology of the Later Stone Agesensu latothat was widespread in subequatorial Africa during the last 20,000 years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document