scholarly journals What does the COVID-19 pandemic mean for the next decade of onchocerciasis control and elimination?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan I.D. Hamley ◽  
David J. Blok ◽  
Martin Walker ◽  
Philip Milton ◽  
Adrian D. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Short Treatment ◽  
Prevalence Trends ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Remedial Strategies ◽  
Onchocerciasis Control ◽  
Transmission Models

AbstractBackgroundMass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin for onchocerciasis has been disrupted by the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Mathematical modelling can help predict how missed/delayed MDA will affect short-term epidemiological trends and elimination prospects by 2030.MethodsTwo onchocerciasis transmission models (EPIONCHO-IBM and ONCHOSIM) are used to simulate microfilarial prevalence trends, elimination probabilities, and age-profiles of Onchocerca volvulus microfilarial prevalence and intensity, for different treatment histories and transmission settings, assuming no interruption, a 1-year (2020) or 2-year (2020–2021) interruption. Biannual MDA or increased coverage upon MDA resumption are investigated as remedial strategies.ResultsProgrammes with shorter MDA histories and settings with high pre-intervention endemicity will be the most affected. Biannual MDA is more effective than increasing coverage for mitigating COVID-19’s impact on MDA. Programmes which had already switched to biannual MDA should be minimally affected. In high transmission settings with short treatment history, a 2-year interruption could lead to increased microfilarial load in children (EPIONCHO-IBM) or adults (ONCHOSIM).ConclusionsProgrammes with shorter (annual MDA) treatment histories should be prioritised for remedial biannual MDA. Increases in microfilarial load could have short- and long-term morbidity and mortality repercussions. These results can guide decision-making to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on onchocerciasis elimination.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

scholarly journals Optimization of the impact measurement of market structure on liquidity and volatility

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sara Rhouas ◽  
Mustapha Bouchekourte ◽  
Norelislam El Hami
Keyword(s):  
Asset Allocation ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Impact Measurement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Allocation Decisions

Liquidity and volatility are the two barometers that allow stock markets to appreciate in terms of attractiveness, profitability and efficiency. Several macroeconomic and microstructure variables condition the level of liquidity that directly impact the asset allocation decisions of different investor profiles − institutional and individuals − and therefore the dynamics of the market as a whole. Volatility is the regulatory component that provides information on the level of risk that characterizes the market. Thus, the appreciation of these two elements is of considerable help to fund managers looking to optimize their equity pockets. In this work, we will use the liquidity ratio as a proxy variable for the liquidity of the Moroccan stock market, to estimate the indicators and factors that determine its short- and long-term variability. The appropriate econometric method would be to estimate an error correction vector model (ECVM) which has the property of determining the long- and short-term relationships between the variables. The volatility of the MASI index will be the subject of a second estimate to capture the shape of the function of its evolution.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Human Resources and Foreign Direct Investments to Vietnam’s Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Huong ◽  
Dang Quy Duong ◽  
Do Thi Thu Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

Research on human resources, foreign direct investment and economic development are important issues in assessing the effectiveness of employment as well as attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) in the economy. In this study, the author analyzes the impact of human resource factors and FDI on economic growth in Vietnam from 1990 to 2017. By regression analysis based on the ARDL model, the result shows FDI has only a positive effect on economic growth in the short term but has the opposite effect in the long term. At the same time, unemployment rates have the opposite effect on economic growth in the short term. Average life expectancy does not affect economic growth in both the short and long term. From this result, the author also offers some suggestions for economic development in both the short and long term.

Is franchising an additional financing source for franchisors? A Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangmin Park ◽  
SooCheong (Shawn) Jang
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Oaxaca Decomposition ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Restaurant Firms ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies have used agency theory (Jensen and Meckling, 1976) and capital scarcity theory (Oxenfeldt and Kelly, 1969) to explain franchising motivations. Although both theories may in part account for why firms choose to franchise, past studies have not seriously considered the potential relationship between franchising and capital structures. Using Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analysis, this study examined the impact of franchising on short- and long-term debt leverage. The final sample included 191 restaurant firms from 1980 to 2015. Sixty-five firms were non-franchise firms, while 126 firms engaged in the franchising business. The results of the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition analysis showed that franchising has a significant effect on decreasing long-term debts and confirmed that franchising plays an important role as an additional source of long-term capital. Consequently, the capital scarcity theory is supported as one aspect of long-term debt leverage. However, franchise restaurant firms have larger short-term debt than non-franchise firms, although it is merely marginally significant. This contradicts capital scarcity theory but is in accordance with some past studies (e.g. Norton, 1988; 1995). This implies that franchisors constantly need short-term capital to support franchisees.

The Impact of Business Communication Education on Students’ Short- and Long-Term Performances

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jensen J. Zhao ◽  
Melody W. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Business Communication ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Communication Education ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Communication Course ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to identify the short- and long-term impact of business communication education on students’ skill developments and performance outcomes. Nearly 400 students at an AACSC International–accredited business college participated in the study during their sophomore and senior years. The findings indicate that the business communication course helped students develop good skills in writing reports, solving problems, working in teams, communicating orally, and using Internet technologies for both the short term (sophomore year) and the long term (senior year). More than 95% of the students reported achieving As and Bs on written assignments, company-analysis reports, problem-solving assignments, and oral presentations in their sophomore, junior, and senior years. However, the long-term effect was statistically less significant than was the short-term effect, although both were within the same positive range.

Examining the Impact on Road Safety Performance of Socioeconomic Variables in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110363
Author(s):  
Salih Bektaş
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
World Health ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that each year, 1.35 million people worldwide die in traffic accidents, 20 to 50 million people are injured, and many of those who are injured are disabled. This article uses time-series data for the period 1970 to 2018 in Turkey short- and long-term social economic variables between the number of road accidents, energy consumption, gross domestic product per capita, vehicle kilometers traveled, number of motor vehicles, divided road length, and population growth to investigate the causal relationship. In the analysis, the vector error correction model (VECM) and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model were used for the short and long term, respectively. The results show that a 1% increase in the number of motor vehicles increases the number of accidents by 2.83% in the long term and has a positive relationship with traffic accidents. It has been determined that a 1% increase in the population increases the number of accidents by 9.43% in the short term and has a positive relationship with traffic accidents. It has been observed that a 1% increase in the length of the divided highway (LNDR [-2]) reduces accidents by 1.21% in the short term and there is a negative relationship between energy consumption and divided roads. This result supports the decision of the administrators in the country to construct a divided road.

Short- and Long-Term Effects of a Tobacco-Free Executive Order on Employee Tobacco Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Ellen J. Hahn ◽  
Melinda J. Ickes ◽  
Amanda Wiggins ◽  
Mary Kay Rayens ◽  
Bradley J. Polivka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

Smoke-free workplace policies encourage cessation, reduce tobacco consumption, and shift the pro-tobacco norm. However, no research exists evaluating the impact of mandated tobacco-free policies on government property. The purpose of our study was to examine short- and long-term effects of a tobacco-free policy (executive order 2014-747) implemented in November 2014, prohibiting tobacco use on state executive property. Cross-sectional online surveys were administered at two time points to a total of 27,000 employees of the executive branch of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The short-term evaluation (March 2015) comprised 4,170 employees and the long term (August 2015) included 3,070. Tobacco use, plans to quit using tobacco, personal characteristics, whether the county of their workplace was covered by a smoke-free policy, and social norms for tobacco use were assessed 4- and 9-month post-policy implementation. Current tobacco use and plans to quit were compared between short- and long-term evaluations using multiple logistic regression with relevant covariates included. Controlling for demographics and employment location, employees reported lower rates of tobacco use and higher rates of planning to quit in the long term than in the short term. Tobacco-free policies reduce tobacco use prevalence and promote plans to quit, particularly over time. We found differences in tobacco use prevalence and plans to quit using tobacco products from 4 to 9 months after the policy took effect, as reported by employees following implementation of the tobacco-free policy. These findings support the potential for avoiding long-term health care costs as a result of reduced tobacco use from these policies. Nurses can play an important advocacy and policy evaluation role to promote and assess the impact of tobacco-free policies.

scholarly journals Usefulness and Impact on Management of Positive and Negative Capsule Endoscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Chami ◽  
Mamoon Raza ◽  
Charles N Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Occult Bleeding ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Referring Physicians ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Management

OBJECITIVE: To determine the usefulness of positive and negative capsule endoscopies (CEs), and the impact of each on short- and long-term patient management.METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for 70 consecutive CE patients. Based on outcomes from referring physicians, it was determined whether CE was useful, partially useful or not useful at all in the overall patient management, and whether CE assisted in providing a diagnosis, and impacted on short-term long-term management.RESULTS: CE indications included overt bleeding (37%), occult bleeding (20%), iron deficiency (17%), abdominal pain and weight loss (13%), assessing the extent of or confirming a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (9%) and screening for familial adenomatous polyposis (4%). Positive studies were seen in 58% of overt bleeds, 50% of occult bleeds, 33% of iron deficiencies and 33% of Crohn’s diseases. Overall, 28 studies (40%) were positive studies and 42 (60%) were negative studies. CE aided in diagnosis in 11 of 28 (39%) positive and 12 of 42 (29%) negative studies (P=0.35). Positive and negative CEs had an impact on short-term management in 12 of 28 (43%) versus 18 of 42 (43%) cases, respectively (P=1.0), and on long-term management in 14 of 28 (50%) versus 15 of 42 (36%) cases, respectively (P=0.23). For positive and negative studies, respectively, CE was considered useful in 12 of 28 (43%) versus 15 of 42 (36%) cases (39% overall), partially useful in 10 of 28 (36%) versus 10 of 42 (24%) cases (28% overall), and not useful at all in six of 28 (21%) versus 17 of 42 (40%) cases (33% overall).CONCLUSIONs: Although a negative CE may aid in making a definitive diagnosis in only 29% of patients, its effect on management and overall usefulness is similar to that of a positive CE. A physician’s decision on whether to order CE should not be based solely on the pretest probability of a positive examination but also on the clinical utility of a negative study.

The influence of inflation targeting on the pass-through effect of the exchange rate

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
Yu. I. Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the impact of the transition to the inflation targeting regime on the magnitude of the pass-through effect of the exchange rate to prices. We analyze cross-country panel data on developed and developing countries. It is shown that the transition to this regime of monetary policy contributes to a significant reduction in both the short- and long-term pass-through effects. This decline is stronger in developing countries. We identify the main channels that ensure the influence of the monetary policy regime on the pass-through effect, and examine their performance. In addition, we analyze the data of time series for Russia. It was concluded that even there the transition to inflation targeting led to a decrease in the dependence of the level of inflation on fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate.

SUMBER-SUMBER RESILIENSI PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MENGALAMI KEKERASAN DARI ORANGTUA PADA MASA KANAK-KANAK

Psibernetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devina Calista ◽  
Garvin Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parental Affection ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p><em>Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences</em><em>,</em><em> become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can)</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword : </em></strong><em>Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents</em></p>

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