Examining the Impact on Road Safety Performance of Socioeconomic Variables in Turkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110363
Author(s):  
Salih Bektaş
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
World Health ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that each year, 1.35 million people worldwide die in traffic accidents, 20 to 50 million people are injured, and many of those who are injured are disabled. This article uses time-series data for the period 1970 to 2018 in Turkey short- and long-term social economic variables between the number of road accidents, energy consumption, gross domestic product per capita, vehicle kilometers traveled, number of motor vehicles, divided road length, and population growth to investigate the causal relationship. In the analysis, the vector error correction model (VECM) and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model were used for the short and long term, respectively. The results show that a 1% increase in the number of motor vehicles increases the number of accidents by 2.83% in the long term and has a positive relationship with traffic accidents. It has been determined that a 1% increase in the population increases the number of accidents by 9.43% in the short term and has a positive relationship with traffic accidents. It has been observed that a 1% increase in the length of the divided highway (LNDR [-2]) reduces accidents by 1.21% in the short term and there is a negative relationship between energy consumption and divided roads. This result supports the decision of the administrators in the country to construct a divided road.

scholarly journals HOW TENURE OF SUKUK ISSUANCES IMPACTS THE ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MALAYSIA?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-12
Author(s):  
Siti Sarah Mohd Zaki Fadzil ◽  
Noraziah Che Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

The present paper analyses the impact of Sukuk issuances on the economic growth of Malaysia over a period of 10 years from 2008 to 2017 on a yearly basis. There are six different types of Sukuk issuances which includes the long-term government/treasury/central bank (LGTC), long-term corporate (LCTE), long-term agency (LAGY), short-term government/treasury/central bank (SGTC), short-term corporate (SCTE) and short-term agency (SAGY) with the presences of the moderating variable which is the exchange rate (ER). The 10 years’ time-series data were analyzed by using the diagnostic test, unit root test and multiple regression analysis. The outcome of the study indicates that the presence of the ER, LCTE, SGTC, SCTE, and SAGY found to have a significant and positive relationship with the economic growth (GDP) of Malaysia. However, LGTC found not to be significant but shows a positive relationship with the GDP in Malaysia, whilst LAGY is found to be significant but shows a negative relationship with the GDP in Malaysia. Therefore, the Sukuk issuances give an impact on the economic growth of Malaysia, whereby with the presences of the moderating variable, the long-term and short-term Sukuk issuances can spur the economic growth of Malaysia.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Manufacturing Industries on Economic Growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during (1990- 2018): أثر الصناعات التحويلية على النمو الاقتصادي في المملكة العربية السعودية  للفترة (1990- 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Saeed Al- Ghamdi, Maha Alandejani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Unit Root Testing ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
The Impact

The study examined the effect of the impact of manufacturing industries on the economic growth in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia، and to analyze the size of manufacturing growth and its contribution to economic growth. This study is based on the descriptive analytical approach to identify the development of manufacturing industries in Saudi Arabia and the size of its impact on the growth of the Saudi economy and also based on the methodology of standard analysis using time series data، and the application of unit root testing and common integration and multiple linear regression by applying an Ordinary Least Square (OLS)، to examine the relationship between the rate of economic growth، the rate of GDP of manufacturing، the rate of oil exports، the rate of industrial loans، and the rate of exports of manufacturing industries. The results indicate to negative impact of manufacturing industries، oil exports and industrial exports on economic growth in the long term، despite their positive impact in the short term and the existence of a direct correlation between the rate of growth of oil exports and economic growth in the short term، and the inverse relationship of industrial loans and industrial exports on economic growth. The study summarized several recommendations، including that decision-makers need to pay attention to manufacturing industries and oil exports taking into account the long- term risks of global oil markets and import prices، and the adoption of more extensive policies with regard to industrial loans and maximize industrial exports to affect economic growth positively.

scholarly journals The Impact of Final Demand arld Prices on Indonesia's Total - Import: Cointegration and Error Correction Model Analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Isbandriyati Mutmainah
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Error Correction Model ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
The Impact

This research is aimed to investigate the influence of final demand and price to Indonesian agregate imports in the long-run and short-run. We use analytical technique cointegration test Iohansen procedures for the long-term influence, and Error Correction Model to estimate the short-term influence, by using quarterly time series data period from_1980 to 2004. From the result of cointegration test and Error Correction Model we found that in the long-term, all of final demand components and price except private investment are important I in determining Indonesian agregate imports. The government expenditure variable has the highest influence, while in the short-term all of independent variables except private consumption are important in determining Indonesian agregate imports and foreign price variable has the highest influence.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG DALAM MEMODELKAN PENGARUH INFLASI, PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, DAN FDI TERHADAP PENGANGGURAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Jumhur Jumhur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Short And Long Term

This study aims to examine the effect of inflation, economic growth, and foreign investment on unemployment in Indonesia. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) analysis method to analyze the 1991-2018 time series data collected from the World Bank's World Development Indicators database. The results found that inflation has a negative and significant effect in the short term but not significant in the long term in Indonesia. Economic growth has a negative and significant effect on both short and             long-term unemployment in Indonesia, and foreign investment has a negative and significant effect on both short and long-term unemployment in Indonesia. Through the ARDL model, this research is able to prove that inflation, economic growth, foreign investment, and budgeting are proven to have long-term cointegration or move together in the long term. The four variables also have a dynamic short-term relationship that has a fairly high speed of adjustment towards equilibrium per year. Based on the results, policymakers, in this case the government must provide a conducive investment environment by eliminating the structural rigidity that exists in the economy to attract investment, both foreign and domestic investment, to encourage economic growth and create jobs in Indonesia.

scholarly journals FINANCING OF BRAZILIAN COMPANIES DURING FINANCIAL CRISES: COMPARATIVE BETWEEN THE CRISES OF 2002, 2008 AND 2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
TATIANE D. A. FRANZOTTI ◽  
VINÍCIUS M. MAGNANI ◽  
MARCELO A. AMBROZINI ◽  
MAURÍCIO R. VALLE
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crises ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financing Decisions ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Short And Long Term

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the financing decisions by Brazilian companies in the financial crises of 2002, 2008 and 2015, and to identify the impacts of these crises, as well as the influence of the funding sources - banking, subsidized sources and capital markets - on the leverage and maturity of companies' debts in these periods. Originality/value: Crises establish opportunities for the study of determining factors and their impacts on companies. There is no empirical evidence on the impacts of crises on the capital structure of Brazilian companies taking into account the comparison between the crises of 2002, 2008 and 2015, which motivated the present study. Design/methodology/approach: We performed descriptive analyzes and estimated regressions by panel data. Findings: The results showed a statistically positive relationship between financial crises and corporate leverage, as well as short and long-term debt. With regard to leverage, banking resources, resources from capital and subsidized markets showed a statistically positive relationship with the level of leverage of companies only in the 2008 crisis. Considering the maturity of debts, the 2002 crisis was an important determinant for companies' short-term debt decisions, in view of the predominant participation of banking resources at that time. Financing sources were important in determining companies' long-term indebtedness in the 2008 crisis.

scholarly journals Model-based forecasting for Canadian COVID-19 data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244536
Author(s):  
Li-Pang Chen ◽  
Qihuang Zhang ◽  
Grace Y. Yi ◽  
Wenqing He
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
New York State ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Star Models ◽  
The Impact

Background Since March 11, 2020 when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of infected cases, the number of deaths, and the number of affected countries have climbed rapidly. To understand the impact of COVID-19 on public health, many studies have been conducted for various countries. To complement the available work, in this article we examine Canadian COVID-19 data for the period of March 18, 2020 to August 16, 2020 with the aim to forecast the dynamic trend in a short term. Method We focus our attention on Canadian data and analyze the four provinces, Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, and Quebec, which have the most severe situations in Canada. To build predictive models and conduct prediction, we employ three models, smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) models, neural network (NN) models, and susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) models, to fit time series data of confirmed cases in the four provinces separately. In comparison, we also analyze the data of daily infections in two states of USA, Texas and New York state, for the period of March 18, 2020 to August 16, 2020. We emphasize that different models make different assumptions which are basically difficult to validate. Yet invoking different models allows us to examine the data from different angles, thus, helping reveal the underlying trajectory of the development of COVID-19 in Canada. Finding The examinations of the data dated from March 18, 2020 to August 11, 2020 show that the STAR, NN, and SIR models may output different results, though the differences are small in some cases. Prediction over a short term period incurs smaller prediction variability than over a long term period, as expected. The NN method tends to outperform other two methods. All the methods forecast an upward trend in all the four Canadian provinces for the period of August 12, 2020 to August 23, 2020, though the degree varies from method to method. This research offers model-based insights into the pandemic evolvement in Canada.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Cereal Yield and Production in the Sahel: Case of Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shéïtan Sossou ◽  
Charlemagne Babatounde Igue ◽  
Moussa Diallo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The World ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century. It affects all countries in the world, especially Sahelian countries in Africa. This paper aimed at evaluating the impact of climate change on cereal yield in Burkina Faso. The ordinary least squares (OLS) was applied to time-series data from 1991 to 2016 collected on the World Bank website. The results have shown that temperature adversely affects yield and cereal production, while precipitation has positive effect. An increase in rainfall of 1 millimetre would increase cereal production by 385 tons in the long term and 252 tons in the short term. In the same, an increase in rainfall of 1 millimetre would increase agricultural yield by 9 kg per hectare in the long term. However, in the short term, an increase in temperatures of 1ºC would result in a decrease in cereal production and agricultural yield of 134748 tons and 72 kg per hectare, respectively. However, in the long term, a rise in temperatures of 1ºC would result in a decrease in cereal production and cereal yield of 154 634 tons and 1074 kg per hectare, respectively. Besides, the results indicate that the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) has no significant effect on yield and cereal production. Implementing effective adaptation strategies, such as access to improved seed, introduce smart agriculture in the system of cereal in Burkina Faso and increasing irrigation infrastructure could reduce the cereal production's vulnerability to climate shocks.

Impact of Highway Metrication on Traffic Accidents and Long-Term Trends in Vehicle Speeds for Roads with Resultant Increased Speed Limits

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507
Author(s):  
MICHAEL L. MATTHEWS
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accident Statistics

The impact of metrication of roadside speed signs upon vehicle speeds was investigated for four different road types using concealed roadside radar. The study was conducted one year after metrication to determine whether there were any long-term changes in traffic patterns in addition to the short-term influences reported previously. There was no evidence for any tendency for drivers to increase traveled speed on roads for which metrication resulted in an increase in the speed limit. Analysis of accident statistics for the month following metrication revealed no significant increase in accident rate over that projected from nine-year accident trends. It is concluded that highway metrication does not present the safety hazard suggested by critics of the metrication program.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Impor Kedelai di Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
Ganang Sukma Buana ◽  
Rusdarti Rusdarti
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Import Price ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soybean Price ◽  
Short And Long Term

This study aims to determine the effect of independent variables (soybean production, soybean consumption, gross domestic product, local soybean price and imported soybean price) to the dependent variable (import of soybean) both in the short and long term. This study uses time series or time series data. The analytical model used is an econometric analysis tool error correction model ECM and OLS. This model can explain both short-term and long-term behavior. The result of the research shows that (1) the production variable in the short term does not have an effect, while in the long run it has negative and significant effect to the import of Indonesian soybean. (2) consumption variables in the short and long term have a positive and significant influence to Indonesian soybean import. (3) Gross domestic product in both the short and long term do not affect the import of soybean. (4) local price variables in the short and long term have a positive and significant effect on Indonesian soybean import. (5) import price variable in the short term has a negative effect while in the long term does not affect the import of Indonesian soybean. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel independen (produksi kedelai, konsumsi kedelai,  produk domestik bruto, harga kedelai lokal dan harga kedelai impor) terhadap variabel dependen (impor kedelai) baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan data runtun waktu atau time series. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah alat analisis ekonometrika model koreksi kesalahan ECM dan OLS. Model ini dapat menjelaskan perilaku jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) variabel produksi dalam jangka pendek tidak berpengaruh sedangkan pada jangka panjang berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap impor kedelai Indonesia. (2) variabel konsumsi dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap impor kedelai Indonesia. (3) Variabel produk domestik bruto dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang  tidak berpengaruh dengan impor kedelai. (4) variabel harga lokal dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap impor kedelai Indonesia. (5) variabel harga impor dalam jangka pendek berpengaruh  negatif sedangkan pada jangka panjang tidak berpengaruh terhadap impor kedelai Indonesia.

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