scholarly journals Spatial modulation of dark versus bright stimulus responses in mouse visual cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Williams ◽  
Joseph Del Rosario ◽  
Stefano Coletta ◽  
Edyta K. Bichler ◽  
Tomaso Muzzu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

AbstractA fundamental task of the visual system is to respond to luminance increments and decrements. In primary visual cortex (V1) of cats and primates, luminance decrements elicit stronger, faster, and more salient neural activity (OFF responses) than luminance increments (ON responses). However, studies of V1 in ferrets and mice show that ON responses may be stronger. These discrepancies may arise from differences in species, experimental conditions, or from measuring responses in single neurons versus populations. Here, we examined OFF versus ON responses across different regions of visual space in both single neurons and populations of mouse V1. We used high-density silicon probes and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to assess OFF versus ON dominance in local field potential (LFP), single neuron, and membrane potential responses. Across these levels, we found that OFF responses clearly dominated in the central visual field, whereas ON responses were more evident in the periphery. These observations were clearest in LFP and subthreshold membrane potential. Our findings consolidate and resolve prior conflicting results and reveal that retinotopy may provide a common organizing principle for spatially biasing OFF versus ON processing in mammalian visual systems.

scholarly journals Precise Mapping of Single Neurons by Calibrated 3D Reconstruction of Brain Slices Reveals Topographic Projection in Mouse Visual Cortex

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 107682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ho Song ◽  
Woochul Choi ◽  
You-Hyang Song ◽  
Jae-Hyun Kim ◽  
Daun Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Precise Mapping ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

scholarly journals Parallel processing of visual space by neighboring neurons in mouse visual cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer L Smith ◽  
Michael Häusser
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

scholarly journals Induced cortical oscillations in turtle cortex are coherent at the mesoscale of population activity, but not at the microscale of the membrane potential of neurons

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 2579-2591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood S. Hoseini ◽  
Jeff Pobst ◽  
Nathaniel Wright ◽  
Wesley Clawson ◽  
Woodrow Shew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Large Trial ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Time Frequency

Bursts of oscillatory neural activity have been hypothesized to be a core mechanism by which remote brain regions can communicate. Such a hypothesis raises the question to what extent oscillations are coherent across spatially distant neural populations. To address this question, we obtained local field potential (LFP) and membrane potential recordings from the visual cortex of turtle in response to visual stimulation of the retina. The time-frequency analysis of these recordings revealed pronounced bursts of oscillatory neural activity and a large trial-to-trial variability in the spectral and temporal properties of the observed oscillations. First, local bursts of oscillations varied from trial to trial in both burst duration and peak frequency. Second, oscillations of a given recording site were not autocoherent; i.e., the phase did not progress linearly in time. Third, LFP oscillations at spatially separate locations within the visual cortex were more phase coherent in the presence of visual stimulation than during ongoing activity. In contrast, the membrane potential oscillations from pairs of simultaneously recorded pyramidal neurons showed smaller phase coherence, which did not change when switching from black screen to visual stimulation. In conclusion, neuronal oscillations at distant locations in visual cortex are coherent at the mesoscale of population activity, but coherence is largely absent at the microscale of the membrane potential of neurons. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Coherent oscillatory neural activity has long been hypothesized as a potential mechanism for communication across locations in the brain. In this study we confirm the existence of coherent oscillations at the mesoscale of integrated cortical population activity. However, at the microscopic level of neurons, we find no evidence for coherence among oscillatory membrane potential fluctuations. These results raise questions about the applicability of the communication through coherence hypothesis to the level of the membrane potential.

scholarly journals Mouse visual cortex contains a region of enhanced spatial resolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enny H. van Beest ◽  
Sreedeep Mukherjee ◽  
Lisa Kirchberger ◽  
Ulf H. Schnabel ◽  
Chris van der Togt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Single Neurons ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Representation Of Space ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

AbstractThe representation of space in mouse visual cortex was thought to be relatively uniform. Here we reveal, using population receptive-field (pRF) mapping techniques, that mouse visual cortex contains a region in which pRFs are considerably smaller. This region, the “focea,” represents a location in space in front of, and slightly above, the mouse. Using two-photon imaging we show that the smaller pRFs are due to lower scatter of receptive-fields at the focea and an over-representation of binocular regions of space. We show that receptive-fields of single-neurons in areas LM and AL are smaller at the focea and that mice have improved visual resolution in this region of space. Furthermore, freely moving mice make compensatory eye-movements to hold this region in front of them. Our results indicate that mice have spatial biases in their visual processing, a finding that has important implications for the use of the mouse model of vision.

scholarly journals Epileptiform activity in the mouse visual cortex interferes with cortical processing in connected areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Petrucco ◽  
E. Pracucci ◽  
M. Brondi ◽  
G. M. Ratto ◽  
S. Landi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Epileptic Focus ◽  
Interictal Spikes ◽  
Opposite Hemisphere ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

Abstract Epileptiform activity is associated with impairment of brain function even in absence of seizures, as demonstrated by failures in various testing paradigm in presence of hypersynchronous interictal spikes (ISs). Clinical evidence suggests that cognitive deficits might be directly caused by the anomalous activity rather than by its underlying etiology. Indeed, we seek to understand whether ISs interfere with neuronal processing in connected areas not directly participating in the hypersynchronous activity in an acute model of epilepsy. Here we cause focal ISs in the visual cortex of anesthetized mice and we determine that, even if ISs do not invade the opposite hemisphere, the local field potential is subtly disrupted with a modulation of firing probability imposed by the contralateral IS activity. Finally, we find that visual processing is altered depending on the temporal relationship between ISs and stimulus presentation. We conclude that focal ISs interact with normal cortical dynamics far from the epileptic focus, disrupting endogenous oscillatory rhythms and affecting information processing.

scholarly journals Patterned perturbation of inhibition can reveal the dynamical structure of neural processing

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadra Sadeh ◽  
Claudia Clopath
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Dynamical Structure ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Intact Cortex ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

Perturbation of neuronal activity is key to understanding the brain’s functional properties, however, intervention studies typically perturb neurons in a nonspecific manner. Recent optogenetics techniques have enabled patterned perturbations, in which specific patterns of activity can be invoked in identified target neurons to reveal more specific cortical function. Here, we argue that patterned perturbation of neurons is in fact necessary to reveal the specific dynamics of inhibitory stabilization, emerging in cortical networks with strong excitatory and inhibitory functional subnetworks, as recently reported in mouse visual cortex. We propose a specific perturbative signature of these networks and investigate how this can be measured under different experimental conditions. Functionally, rapid spontaneous transitions between selective ensembles of neurons emerge in such networks, consistent with experimental results. Our study outlines the dynamical and functional properties of feature-specific inhibitory-stabilized networks, and suggests experimental protocols that can be used to detect them in the intact cortex.

scholarly journals A compact spatial map in V2 visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Long ◽  
Bin Deng ◽  
Jing Cai ◽  
Zhe Sage Chen ◽  
Sheng-Jia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryVision plays a critical role in guiding spatial navigation. A traditional view of the visual cortex is to compute a world-centered map of visual space, and visual neurons exhibit diverse tunings to simple or complex visual features. The neural representation of spatio-visual map in the visual cortex is thought to be transformed from spatial modulation signals at the hippocampal-entorhinal system. Although visual thalamic and cortical neurons have been shown to be modulated by spatial signals during navigation, the exact source of spatially modulated neurons within the visual circuit has never been identified, and the neural correlate underpinning a visuospatial or spatio-visual map remains elusive. To search for direct visuospatial and visuodirectional signals, here we record in vivo extracellular spiking activity in the secondary visual cortex (V2) from freely foraging rats in a naturalistic environment. We identify that V2 neurons forms a complete spatio-visual map with a wide range of spatial tunings, which resembles the classical spatial map that includes the place, head-direction, border, grid and conjunctive cells reported in the hippocampal-entorhinal network. These spatially tuned V2 neurons display stable responses to external visual cues, and are robust with respect to non- spatial environmental changes. Spatially and directionally tuned V2 neuronal firing persists in darkness, suggesting that this spatio-visual map is not completely dependent on visual inputs. Identification of functionally distinct spatial cell types in visual cortex expands its classical role of information coding beyond a retinotopic map of the eye-centered world.

scholarly journals Aberrant Visual Population Receptive Fields in Human Albinism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan J. Duwell ◽  
Erica N. Woertz ◽  
Jedidiah Mathis ◽  
Joseph Carroll ◽  
Edgar A. DeYoe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTRetinotopic organization is a fundamental feature of visual cortex thought to play a vital role in encoding spatial information. One important aspect of normal retinotopy is the representation of the right and left hemifields in contralateral visual cortex. However, in human albinism, many temporal retinal afferents decussate pathologically at the optic chiasm resulting in partially superimposed representations of opposite hemifields in each hemisphere of visual cortex. Previous fMRI studies in human albinism suggest that the right and left hemifield representations are superimposed in a mirror-symmetric manner. This should produce imaging voxels which respond to two separate regions in visual space mirrored across the vertical meridian. However, it is not yet clear how retino-cortical miswiring in albinism manifests at the level of single voxel population receptive fields. Here we used fMRI retinotopic mapping in conjunction with population receptive field (pRF) modeling to fit both single and dual pRF models to the visual responses of voxels in visual areas V1-V3 of five subjects with albinism. We found that subjects with albinism (but not controls) have sizable clusters of voxels with dual pRFs consistently corresponding to, but not fully coextensive with regions of hemifield overlap. These dual pRFs were typically positioned at roughly mirror image locations across the vertical meridian but were uniquely clustered within the visual field for each subject. We also found that single pRFs are larger in albinism than controls, and that single pRF sizes in the central visual field were anti-correlated with subjects’ foveal cone densities. Finally, dual pRF and aberrant hemifield representation characteristics varied significantly across subjects with albinism suggesting more central heterogeneity than previously appreciated.

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation Induces Coupling Between Ripple Neural Activity and Hemodynamics in the Mouse Visual Cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 3220-3223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yuan ◽  
Zhijie Wang ◽  
Xingran Wang ◽  
Jiaqing Yan ◽  
Mengyang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Neurovascular Coupling ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Ultrasound Stimulation ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

Abstract Several studies have separately investigated neural activities and hemodynamic responses induced by low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation (LIPUS), less is known about their coupling under LIPUS. This study aims to investigate the neurovascular coupling with LIPUS by measuring neural activity and hemodynamics. We found that the relative power and sample entropy of local field potential at the ripple band have a significant correlation to relative cerebral blood flow over time (correlation coefficients: 0.66 ± 0.13 [P < 0.01] and −0.58 ± 0.11 [P < 0.05]). These results demonstrate that LIPUS can induce neurovascular coupling in the mouse visual cortex.

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