Comparable to other trends in medicine toward minimally invasive approaches, there has been a steady increase in demand for image-guided musculoskeletal (MSK) interventions. Interventional radiologists are involved in a variety of MSK interventions, including diagnostic, therapeutic, and palliative procedures. While many of the concepts that apply to other organs also apply to the MSK system, some are unique. This chapter will review MSK anatomy relevant to the safe and effective performance of biopsy, ablation, sclerotherapy, and embolization. It also will review imaging modalities used for MSK intervention and the special instruments that are used to access bony targets with an intact cortex. Finally, optimizing conditions for intervention, including patient position, anesthesia, use of buffers, and intraoperative nerve monitoring, will be discussed.