Effects of ambient air pollution on emergency room visits of children for acute respiratory symptoms

AbstractBackgroundData on the relation between the increase in ambient air pollution and acute respiratory illness in children are scarce. The present study aimed to explore the association between daily ambient air pollution and daily emergency room (ER) visits due to acute respiratory symptoms in children of Delhi.MethodsIn this epidemiological study, the daily counts of ER visits (ERV) of children (≤15 years) having acute respiratory symptoms from 1st June 2017 to 28th February 2019 were obtained from two general hospitals of Delhi. Simultaneously, data on daily average concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3), and weather variables were provided by Delhi Pollution Control Committee from their four continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations. We used K-means clustering with time-series approach to derive pollutant-derived clusters and the study period was categorized into high, moderate and low air pollution days. The combined effect of these air pollutants on acute respiratory ERV was assessed. Multi-pollutant generalized additive models (GAM) with Poisson link function was used to estimate the 0-6 day lagged change in daily ER visits with the change in multiple pollutants levels, adjusting for weather variables, days of the week and public holidays.ResultsIn 21 months, 132,029 children were screened at the ER of the participating hospitals. Of these 19,320 (14.6%) were eligible, and 19120 were enrolled with complete data collection. The study period could be divided into 3 pollutant-derived clusters with high (Cluster 1, 150 days), moderate (Cluster 2, 204 days) low (Cluster 3, 284 days) levels of air pollution. There was a 28.7% and 21% increase in ERV among children respectively, on high and moderate level pollution days (Cluster 1 and 2) compared to low pollution days (Cluster 3) on the same day of exposure to air pollutants. Similar results were found when the exposure to ambient air pollution of previous 1-6 days were taken into account. GAM analysis showed that the association of the acute respiratory ER visits with every 10 unit change of PM10, NO2, O3, CO and SO2 remained significant after adjusting for multi-pollutant and confounding variables effects. In contrast, no effect was seen for PM2.5. The ERVs for acute respiratory symptoms rose with increase in pollutants and the trends showed a percentage change (95% CI) 1.07% (0.32, 1.83) increase in ERVs for an increase of 10 micrograms per cubic meter of NO2 at previous day 1, 36.89% (12.24,66.95) for 10 milligrams per cubic meter of CO at previous day 3, and 12.77% (9.51, 16.12) for 10 micrograms per cubic meter of SO2 at same day while decrease of −0.18% (−0.32, - 0.03) for 10 micrograms per cubic meter of PM10 at same day, and −4.16 % (−5.18, −3.13) for O3 at previous day 3.ConclusionAn increase in the daily ER visits of children for acute respiratory symptoms was seen for 1-6 days after increase in daily ambient air pollution levels in Delhi.

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Effects of ambient air pollution on emergency room visits of children for acute respiratory symptoms in Delhi, India

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13600-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rashmi Yadav ◽

Aditya Nagori ◽

Aparna Mukherjee ◽

Varinder Singh ◽

Rakesh Lodha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Emergency Room ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Emergency Room Visits

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Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Increased Emergency Room Visits for Skin Diseases in Beijing, China

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9050108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Wanzhou Wang ◽

Wenlou Zhang ◽

Jingjing Zhao ◽

Hongyu Li ◽

Jun Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Emergency Room ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Additive Models ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Emergency Room Visits ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Beijing China

Skin diseases have become a global concern. This study aims to evaluate the associations between ambient air pollution and emergency room visits for skin diseases under the background of improving air quality in China. Based on 45,094 cases from a general hospital and fixed-site monitoring environmental data from 2014–2019 in Beijing, China, this study used generalized additive models with quasi-Poisson regression to estimate the exposure–health associations at lag 0–1 to lag 0–7. PM2.5 and NO2 exposure were associated with increased emergency room visits for total skin diseases (ICD10: L00-L99). Positive associations of PM2.5, PM10, O3 and NO2 with dermatitis/eczema (ICD-10: L20–30), as well as SO2 and NO2 with urticaria (ICD-10: L50) visits were also found. For instance, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with increases of 0.7% (95%CI: 0.2%, 1.2%) in total skin diseases visits at lag 0–5 and 1.1% (95%CI: 0.6%, 1.7%) in dermatitis/eczema visits at lag 0–1, respectively. For PM2.5, PM10 and CO, stronger annual associations were typically observed in the high-pollution (2014) and low-pollution (2018/2019) years. For instance, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at lag 0–5 was associated with increases of 1.8% (95%CI: 1.0%, 2.6%) and 2.3% (95%CI: 0.4%, 4.3%) in total skin disease visits in 2014 and 2018, respectively. Our study emphasizes the necessity of controlling the potential health hazard of air pollutants on skin, although significant achievements in air quality control have been made in China.

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Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and hospital admissions for transient ischemic attacks in Beijing, China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-10963-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Runhua Zhang ◽

Yong Jiang ◽

Guitao Zhang ◽

Miaoxin Yu ◽

Yongjun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Additive Models ◽

Pollution Monitoring ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Exposure Response ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Beijing China

Abstract Numerous studies have examined the associations between air pollution and stroke. However, little is known about the associations between air pollution and transient ischemic attack (TIA). In this study, we aimed to conduct a time-series study to systematically examine the associations between hospital admissions for TIA and air pollutants. Admissions for TIA (ICD-10: G45) from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2016 were identified based on the primary diagnosis from 134 hospitals in Beijing, China. Hourly measurements of air pollutants were obtained from the National Air Pollution Monitoring System. Generalized additive models with quasi-Poisson regression were used to determine the associations for each pollutant. Additionally, stratified analysis was implemented to examine whether age, gender, temperature, and season were the potential effect modifiers. Restricted cubic spline was applied to investigate the exposure-response curve. In total, 109,975 hospital admissions for TIA were included. The positive associations were detected between PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO and hospital admissions for TIA. The effects of PM2.5 and PM10 in men are stronger than in women. Additionally, the effects of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and O3 are more pronounced on warm days than cool days. From exposure-response curves, we observe a nearly linear relationship for PM2.5, PM10, CO, and NO2. Further studies are needed to verify the association. This research contributes evidence on the association between air pollution and admissions for TIA in the low- and middle-income countries and may promote related public health policy development.

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The effects of air pollution on the frequency of respiratory symptoms in the population of Nis and Niska Banja

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0704173s ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 60 (3-4) ◽

pp. 173-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Stankovic ◽

Dragana Nikic ◽

Maja Nikolic

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Exposed Population ◽

Low Concentrations

Introduction. Ambient air pollution, particularly in densely populated urban areas, is a major risk factor for the health of the exposed population. The respiratory tract is the primary target for air pollutants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of respiratory symptoms and diseases. Material and methods. Measurements of air pollutants: sulphur dioxide and soot particles, were carried out daily at the Institute of Public Health in Nis at two locations, in Nis and in Niska Banja, during the period 1999-2003. The Air Quality Index was calculated for both areas. The investigation included 654 women, nonsmokers, between 20-30 years of age, from two areas with different levels of common air pollutants. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and diseases was determined on the basis of a modified WHO standard questionnaire completed by doctors. Results. The obtained results show that examinees from Nis had a statistically higher prevalence of some respiratory symptoms (cough with cold and phlegm) whereas women from Niska Banja had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of lower respiratory tract diseases. Conclusion. Long-term exposure to low concentrations of air pollutants is a contributing factor to the development of respiratory symptoms and diseases.

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Air Pollution and Hospital Admission for Epilepsy in Kerman, Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-806012/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Amin Farahmandfard ◽

Hossein Ali Ebrahimi ◽

Moghaddameh Mirzaee ◽

Prof Narges Khanjani

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Generalized Additive Models ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Additive Models ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Ambient Air Pollutants ◽

Admission Data

Abstract Background: There is little information about air pollution and epilepsy attacks. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between air pollution and epilepsy admission in Kerman, Iran.Methods: This was an ecological study, in which the concentrations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological data were inquired from the Kerman Environmental Protection Agency and the Kerman Meteorology Organization respectively, and epilepsy admission data were obtained from Kerman’s Shafa hospital Epilepsy Registry. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) with lags up to 7 days were used for estimating the Relative Risks (RR).Results: During 2008 until 2020, 894 epilepsy admission occurred in Kerman which 498 (55.7%) were male. The strongest relation between epilepsy admission was seen in the over 59 years group for CO in lag 0 (RR = 2.1455, 95% CI: 1.5823–2.9091), for NO2 in lag 0 (RR =1.0409, 95% CI: 1.0282–1.0537), and for PM2.5 in lag 5 (RR =1.0157, 95% CI: 1.0062–1.0252). Also for PM10 in the under 18 year's group in lag 2 (RR =1.0064, 95% CI: 1.0029–1.0098), for O3 in lag 0 (RR =0.9671, 95% CI: 0.9581–0.9761) and for SO2 in lag 5 (RR = 0.9937, 95% CI: 0.9891–0.9983).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that CO, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 air pollutants might be risk factors for epilepsy admission in Kerman.

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Relationship between Air Pollutant Exposure and Gynecologic Cancer Risk

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105353 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5353

Author(s):

Qiwei Yu ◽

Liqiang Zhang ◽

Kun Hou ◽

Jingwen Li ◽

Suhong Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Gynecologic Cancer ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Increased Risk

Exposure to air pollution has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of women’s health disorders. However, it remains unknown to what extent changes in ambient air pollution affect gynecological cancer. In our case–control study, the logistic regression model was combined with the restricted cubic spline to examine the association of short-term exposure to air pollution with gynecological cancer events using the clinical data of 35,989 women in Beijing from December 2008 to December 2017. We assessed the women’s exposure to air pollutants using the monitor located nearest to each woman’s residence and working places, adjusting for age, occupation, ambient temperature, and ambient humidity. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were examined to evaluate gynecologic cancer risk in six time windows (Phase 1–Phase 6) of women’s exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, O3, and SO2) and the highest ORs were found in Phase 4 (240 days). Then, the higher adjusted ORs were found associated with the increased concentrations of each pollutant (PM2.5, CO, O3, and SO2) in Phase 4. For instance, the adjusted OR of gynecological cancer risk for a 1.0-mg m−3 increase in CO exposures was 1.010 (95% CI: 0.881–1.139) below 0.8 mg m−3, 1.032 (95% CI: 0.871–1.194) at 0.8–1.0 mg m−3, 1.059 (95% CI: 0.973–1.145) at 1.0–1.4 mg m−3, and 1.120 (95% CI: 0.993–1.246) above 1.4 mg m−3. The ORs calculated in different air pollution levels accessed us to identify the nonlinear association between women’s exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, O3, and SO2) and the gynecological cancer risk. This study supports that the gynecologic risks associated with air pollution should be considered in improved public health preventive measures and policymaking to minimize the dangerous effects of air pollution.

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Outdoor air pollution and diminished ovarian reserve among infertile Korean women

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-00942-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hannah Kim ◽

Seung-Ah Choe ◽

Ok-Jin Kim ◽

Sun-Young Kim ◽

Seulgi Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Ovarian Reserve ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Total Population ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Korean Women

AbstractBackgroundMounting evidence implicates an association between ambient air pollution and impaired reproductive potential of human. Our study aimed to assess the association between air pollution and ovarian reserve in young, infertile women.MethodsOur study included 2276 Korean women who attended a single fertility center in 2016–2018. Women’s exposure to air pollution was assessed using concentrations of particulate matter (PM10and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) that had been collected at 269 air quality monitoring sites. Exposure estimates were computed for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months prior to the ovarian reserve tests. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) ratio (defined as an observed-to-expected AMH based on age) and low AMH (defined as < 0.5 ng/mL) were employed as indicators of ovarian reserve. We included a clustering effect of 177 districts in generalized estimating equations approach. A secondary analysis was conducted restricting the analyses to Seoul residents to examine the association in highly urbanized setting.ResultsThe mean age was 36.6 ± 4.2 years and AMH level was 3.3 ± 3.1 ng/mL in the study population. Average AMH ratio was 0.8 ± 0.7 and low AMH was observed in 10.3% of women (n=235). The average concentration of six air pollutants was not different between the normal ovarian reserve and low AMH groups for all averaging periods. In multivariable models, an interquartile range (IQR)-increase in 1 month-average PM10was associated with decrease in AMH ratio among total population (β= −0.06, 95% confidence interval: −0.11, 0.00). When we restrict our analysis to those living in Seoul, IQR-increases in 1 and 12 month-average PM2.5were associated with 3% (95% CI: −0.07, 0.00) and 10% (95% CI: −0.18, −0.01) decrease in AMH ratio. The ORs per IQR increase in the six air pollutants were close to null in total population and Seoul residents.ConclusionsIn a cohort of infertile Korean women, there was a suggestive evidence of the negative association between ambient PM concentration and ovarian reserve, highlighting the potential adverse impact of air pollution on women’s fertility.

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