scholarly journals Air Pollution and Hospital Admission for Epilepsy in Kerman, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Farahmandfard ◽  
Hossein Ali Ebrahimi ◽  
Moghaddameh Mirzaee ◽  
Prof Narges Khanjani
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Admission Data

Abstract Background: There is little information about air pollution and epilepsy attacks. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between air pollution and epilepsy admission in Kerman, Iran.Methods: This was an ecological study, in which the concentrations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological data were inquired from the Kerman Environmental Protection Agency and the Kerman Meteorology Organization respectively, and epilepsy admission data were obtained from Kerman’s Shafa hospital Epilepsy Registry. Generalized Additive Models (GAM) with lags up to 7 days were used for estimating the Relative Risks (RR).Results: During 2008 until 2020, 894 epilepsy admission occurred in Kerman which 498 (55.7%) were male. The strongest relation between epilepsy admission was seen in the over 59 years group for CO in lag 0 (RR = 2.1455, 95% CI: 1.5823–2.9091), for NO2 in lag 0 (RR =1.0409, 95% CI: 1.0282–1.0537), and for PM2.5 in lag 5 (RR =1.0157, 95% CI: 1.0062–1.0252). Also for PM10 in the under 18 year's group in lag 2 (RR =1.0064, 95% CI: 1.0029–1.0098), for O3 in lag 0 (RR =0.9671, 95% CI: 0.9581–0.9761) and for SO2 in lag 5 (RR = 0.9937, 95% CI: 0.9891–0.9983).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that CO, NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 air pollutants might be risk factors for epilepsy admission in Kerman.

Abstract P067: Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence: A Time Series Analysis

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guozhang Xu ◽  
Donghuui Duan ◽  
Dingyun You ◽  
Jiaying Xu ◽  
Xiaoqi Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants

Introduction: Epidemiological evidence on long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence are sparse, and the results are contradictory. Hypothesis: We performed a time-series analysis to investigate potential association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and T2D incidence in the Chinese population. Methods: Monthly time-series data between 2008-2015 on ambient air pollutants and incident T2D were obtained from the Environment Monitoring Center of Ningbo and the Chronic Disease Surveillance System of Ningbo. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of incident T2D per 10 μg/m 3 increase in ambient air pollutants were estimated from Poisson generalized additive models and adjusted for month, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure and wind speed. This model was combined with a distributed lag non-linear model to determine the relative risks. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measure was T2D incidence. Results: Long-term exposure to particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) were associated with increased T2D incidence. The relative risks (RRs) of each increment in 10 μg/m 3 of PM10 and SO2 were 1.62 (95%CI, 1.16 to 2.28) and 1.63 (95%CI, 1.12 to 2.38) for overall participants, 1.56 (95%CI, 1.12 to 2.17) and 1.59 (95%CI, 1.14 to 2.23) for males, 1.68 (95%CI, 1.15 to 2.44) and 1.76 (95%CI, 1.21 to 2.56) for females, respectively. Whereas for ozone (O3) exposure, the RRs were 0.78 (95%CI, 0.68 to 0.90) for overall participants, 0.78 (95%CI, 0.69 to 0.90) for males, and 0.78 (95%CI, 0.67 to 0.91) for females, respectively. Female participants were more prone to develop T2D after long-term exposed to ambient air pollutants than male counterparts. No statistically significant associations were observed for PM2.5, NO2, and CO exposures, nor in the two- and three-pollutant models. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to PM10 and SO2 is positively associated with T2D incidence, whereas O3 is negatively associated with T2D incidence.

scholarly journals Effects of ambient air pollution on emergency room visits of children for acute respiratory symptoms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Yadav ◽  
Aditya Nagori ◽  
Aparna Mukherjee ◽  
Varinder Singh ◽  
Rakesh Lodha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Weather Variables

AbstractBackgroundData on the relation between the increase in ambient air pollution and acute respiratory illness in children are scarce. The present study aimed to explore the association between daily ambient air pollution and daily emergency room (ER) visits due to acute respiratory symptoms in children of Delhi.MethodsIn this epidemiological study, the daily counts of ER visits (ERV) of children (≤15 years) having acute respiratory symptoms from 1st June 2017 to 28th February 2019 were obtained from two general hospitals of Delhi. Simultaneously, data on daily average concentrations of particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3), and weather variables were provided by Delhi Pollution Control Committee from their four continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations. We used K-means clustering with time-series approach to derive pollutant-derived clusters and the study period was categorized into high, moderate and low air pollution days. The combined effect of these air pollutants on acute respiratory ERV was assessed. Multi-pollutant generalized additive models (GAM) with Poisson link function was used to estimate the 0-6 day lagged change in daily ER visits with the change in multiple pollutants levels, adjusting for weather variables, days of the week and public holidays.ResultsIn 21 months, 132,029 children were screened at the ER of the participating hospitals. Of these 19,320 (14.6%) were eligible, and 19120 were enrolled with complete data collection. The study period could be divided into 3 pollutant-derived clusters with high (Cluster 1, 150 days), moderate (Cluster 2, 204 days) low (Cluster 3, 284 days) levels of air pollution. There was a 28.7% and 21% increase in ERV among children respectively, on high and moderate level pollution days (Cluster 1 and 2) compared to low pollution days (Cluster 3) on the same day of exposure to air pollutants. Similar results were found when the exposure to ambient air pollution of previous 1-6 days were taken into account. GAM analysis showed that the association of the acute respiratory ER visits with every 10 unit change of PM10, NO2, O3, CO and SO2 remained significant after adjusting for multi-pollutant and confounding variables effects. In contrast, no effect was seen for PM2.5. The ERVs for acute respiratory symptoms rose with increase in pollutants and the trends showed a percentage change (95% CI) 1.07% (0.32, 1.83) increase in ERVs for an increase of 10 micrograms per cubic meter of NO2 at previous day 1, 36.89% (12.24,66.95) for 10 milligrams per cubic meter of CO at previous day 3, and 12.77% (9.51, 16.12) for 10 micrograms per cubic meter of SO2 at same day while decrease of −0.18% (−0.32, - 0.03) for 10 micrograms per cubic meter of PM10 at same day, and −4.16 % (−5.18, −3.13) for O3 at previous day 3.ConclusionAn increase in the daily ER visits of children for acute respiratory symptoms was seen for 1-6 days after increase in daily ambient air pollution levels in Delhi.

scholarly journals Air pollution and hospital admissions and deaths due to respiratory infections in megacity of Tehran: A time series analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Namvar ◽  
Mostafa Hadei ◽  
Seyed Saeed Hashemi ◽  
Elahe Shahhosseini ◽  
Philip K. Hopke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Introduction: Air pollution is one of the main causes for the significant increase of respiratory infections in Tehran. In the present study, we investigated the associations between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with the hospital admissions and deaths. Materials and methods: Health data from 39915 hospital admissions and 2459 registered deaths associated with these hospital admissions for respiratory infections were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during 2014-2017. We used the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) for the analyses. Results: There was a statistically positive association between PM2.5 and AURI in the age group of 16 years and younger at lags 6 (RR 1.31; 1.05-1.64) and 7 (RR 1.50; 1.09-2.06). AURI admissions was associated with O3 in the age group of 16 and 65 years at lag 7 with RR 1.13 (1.00-1.27). ALRI admissions was associated with CO in the age group of 65 years and older at lag 0 with RR 1.12 (1.02-1.23). PM10 was associated with ALRI daily hospital admissions at lag 0 for males. ALRI admissions were associated with NO2 for females at lag 0. There was a positive association between ALRI deaths and SO2 in the age group of 65 years and older at lags 4 and 5 with RR 1.04 (1.00-1.09) and 1.03 (1.00-1.07), respectively. Conclusion: Exposure to outdoor air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO was associated with hospital admissions for AURI and ALRI at different lags. Moreover, exposure to SO2 was associated with deaths for ALRI.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospitalization for Respiratory Disease in Taiyuan, China: A Time-Series Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisha Luo ◽  
Yunquan Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Jiang ◽  
Hanghang Luan ◽  
Chuanhua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Short Term Effects

In this study, we estimated the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory disease hospitalization in Taiyuan, China. Daily data of respiratory disease hospitalization, daily concentration of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2017 in Taiyuan were included in our study. We conducted a time-series study design and applied a generalized additive model to evaluate the association between every 10-μg/m3 increment of air pollutants and percent increase of respiratory disease hospitalization. A total of 127,565 respiratory disease hospitalization cases were included in this study during the present period. In single-pollutant models, the effect values in multi-day lags were greater than those in single-day lags. PM2.5 at lag02 days, SO2 at lag03 days, PM10 and NO2 at lag05 days were observed to be strongly and significantly associated with respiratory disease hospitalization. No significant association was found between O3 and respiratory disease hospitalization. SO2 and NO2 were still significantly associated with hospitalization after adjusting for PM2.5 or PM10 into two-pollutant models. Females and younger population for respiratory disease were more vulnerable to air pollution than males and older groups. Therefore, some effective measures should be taken to strengthen the management of the ambient air pollutants, especially SO2 and NO2, and to enhance the protection of the high-risk population from air pollutants, thereby reducing the burden of respiratory disease caused by ambient air pollution.

scholarly journals A review on the effect of air pollution and exposure to PM, NO2 , O3 , SO2 , CO and heavy metals on viral respiratory infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Khajeamiri ◽  
Samira Sharifi ◽  
Nioosha Moradpour ◽  
Alireza Khajeamiri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

The ambient air pollutants that have a major role in causing respiratory diseases are particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and heavy metals. In addition, respiratory infections, divided into upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract infection, are most commonly caused by viral agents. Thus, in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic, this review has focused on the association between exposure to general air pollution including each of the mentioned air pollutants and viral respiratory infections. The gathered evidence from the reviewed studies in this article showed that most of these air pollutants have a positive correlation with mortality, severity, transmission, inflammation, and incidence of different viral respiratory infections. Whereas, some studies found contradictory results such as non-significant and negative connections between exposure to air pollutants and viral respiratory infections, which are further discussed in this text. Therefore, following the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, these contradictions in the reported correlation between air pollution and different aspects of viral respiratory infections must be thoroughly investigated and cleared.

scholarly journals Obesity and the relation between joint exposure to ambient air pollutants and incident type 2 diabetes: A cohort study in UK Biobank

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. e1003767
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Mengying Wang ◽  
Yongze Song ◽  
Hao Ma ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Background Air pollution has been related to incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We assessed the joint association of various air pollutants with the risk of T2D and examined potential modification by obesity status and genetic susceptibility on the relationship. Methods and findings A total of 449,006 participants from UK Biobank free of T2D at baseline were included. Of all the study population, 90.9% were white and 45.7% were male. The participants had a mean age of 56.6 (SD 8.1) years old and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.4 (SD 4.8) kg/m2. Ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), between 2.5 μm and 10 μm (PM2.5–10), nitrogen oxide (NO2), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. An air pollution score was created to assess the joint exposure to the 4 air pollutants. During a median of 11 years follow-up, we documented 18,239 incident T2D cases. The air pollution score was significantly associated with a higher risk of T2D. Compared to the lowest quintile of air pollution score, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for T2D was 1.05 (0.99 to 1.10, p = 0.11), 1.06 (1.00 to 1.11, p = 0.051), 1.09 (1.03 to 1.15, p = 0.002), and 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19, p < 0.001) for the second to fifth quintile, respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, genetic factors, and other covariates. In addition, we found a significant interaction between the air pollution score and obesity status on the risk of T2D (p-interaction < 0.001). The observed association was more pronounced among overweight and obese participants than in the normal-weight people. Genetic risk score (GRS) for T2D or obesity did not modify the relationship between air pollution and risk of T2D. Key study limitations include unavailable data on other potential T2D-related air pollutants and single-time measurement on air pollutants. Conclusions We found that various air pollutants PM2.5, PM2.5–10, NO2, and NO, individually or jointly, were associated with an increased risk of T2D in the population. The stratified analyses indicate that such associations were more strongly associated with T2D risk among those with higher adiposity.

scholarly journals The Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollutants on Childhood Asthma Hospitalization in Taiwan: A National Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yen Kuo ◽  
Chin-Kan Chan ◽  
Chiung-Yi Wu ◽  
Dinh-Van Phan ◽  
Chien-Lung Chan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
National Study ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Asthma Hospitalization

This investigation determined the effects of air pollution on childhood asthma hospitalization in regions with differing air pollution levels in Taiwan over a long time period. Data of childhood hospital admissions for asthma in patients aged 0–18 years and air quality in eight regions for the period 2001–2012 in Taiwan were collected. Poisson generalized linear regression analysis was employed to identify the relative risks of hospitalization due to asthma in children associated with exposure to varying levels of air pollutants with a change in the interquartile range after adjusting for temperature and relative humidity. Particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), were positively associated with childhood asthma hospitalization, while O3 was negatively associated with childhood asthma hospitalization. SO2 was identified as the most significant risk factor. The relative risks for asthma hospitalization associated with air pollutants were higher among children aged 0–5 years than aged 6–18 years and were higher among males than females. The effects of air pollution on childhood asthma were greater in the higher-level air pollution regions, while no association was observed in the lower-level air pollution regions. These findings may prove important for policymakers involved in implementing policies to reduce air pollution.

scholarly journals Associations Between Air Pollution Exposure and Daily Pediatric Outpatient Visits for Dry Eye Disease: A Time-Series Study in Shenzhen, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingfeng Mu ◽  
Dan Zeng ◽  
Jingjie Fan ◽  
Meizhou Liu ◽  
Shuyuan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations between air pollution exposure and pediatric outpatient visits for dry eye disease (DED) in Shenzhen, China.Methods: Generalized additive models were utilized to explore the acute effects of air pollution exposure on pediatric outpatient visits for DED.Results: Single-day lag exposures to NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 were associated with DED outpatient visits at lag days 0, 6, 4 and 2. Relative risks (RRs) for DED given a 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were 1.062[95% confidence interval (CI) 1.003, 1.123], 1.015(95% CI 1.001, 1.031), 1.052(95% CI 1.001, 1.115), and 1.038 (95% CI 1.002, 1.076), respectively. RR for DED given a 10-μg/m3 increase in NO2 over cumulative lag days 0–1 was 1.075 (95% CI 1.009, 1.147), and RR for DED given a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM10 over cumulative lag days 0–4 was 1.051 (95% CI 1.003, 1.102).Conclusion: The observed associations between air pollution and outpatient visits for DED may provide evidence for policy makers to consider implementing measures to reduce the risk of DED owing to air pollution in China.

scholarly journals Study of number of total mortality, cardiovascular and Respiratory mortality attributed to air pollutants of Tehran in 2005-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-448
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
World Health ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Respiratory Mortality

<p>Over the last few decades, the evidence on the adverse effects on the health of air pollution has been raised. Mortality is the most important health effect of ambient air pollution. We studied the relation between mortality and criteria pollutant air in Tehran, one of the highly industrialized, densely populated area and most polluted cities of the reign, during 2005-2014. For this purpose, we applied the approach proposed by the World Health Organization using the AirQ 2.2.3 model. Hourly concentrations of pollutants were taken from the Tehran environmental protection agency and Air Quality Control Company. In this model, the attributable proportion of health outcome, the annual number of excess cases of mortality for all causes were estimated. According to results, the number of total mortality caused by exposure to O3, NO2, SO2, PM10, PM2.5 in the past decade was 8042, 15141, 8136, 17776 and 20015 cases, respectively. The number of cumulative total mortality was 53110 cases in ten years. Furthermore, the number of cumulative cardiovascular and respiratory mortality 33887 and 8168 cases was estimated in last decade. A large number of residents of Tehran have died as a result of exposure to air pollutants; therefore for control and management of air pollution, appropriate actions on health and the environment should be performed.</p>

scholarly journals Association Between Ambient Air Pollution And Daily Hospital Visits For Cardiovascular Diseases In Wuhan, China: A Time-Series Analysis Based On Medical Insurance Data.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongna Meng ◽  
Zhihui Liu ◽  
Jiayuan Hao ◽  
Fengxi Tao ◽  
Huihui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Hospital Visits

Abstract Although a large number of studies have proved the adverse effects of exposure to air pollution on cardiovascular disease, few studies have done such research focusing on the medically insured population, a group of relatively healthier people representing the working population. We used generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on CVDs in Wuhan, China. We extracted daily air pollution data, meteorological data, and daily hospital visits for CVDs (including hypertension, coronary heart disease [CHD], and heart disease [HD]) from November 1st, 2013 to October 31st, 2018. For each increase of 10 μg/m3 in SO2, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5, the relative risks (RRs) of daily hospital visits for hypertension increased by 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8%, 5.9%), 2.5% (95% CI: 1.9%, 3.2%), 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2%, 0.7%), and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.3%, 1.1%) at lag 0, respectively; For CHD, the RRs increased by 3.6% (95% CI: 1.8%, 5.5%), 2.6% (95% CI: 1.9%, 3.4%), 0.4% (95% CI: 0.1%, 0.7%), and 0.5% (95% CI: 0.1%, 0.9%) at lag 0, respectively; For HD, the RRs increased by 3.6% (95%CI: 1.4%, 5.8%), 2.1% (95%CI: 1.4%, 2.7%), 0.3% (95%CI: 0.1%, 0.6%), and 0.4% (95%CI: 0, 0.8%) at lag 0, respectively. We found that the influence of air pollution on daily hospital visits for CVDs is greater in the cold season than in the warm season. The results indicate that NO2 and SO2 may be potential confounders for co-pollutants in the multi-pollutant model. In conclusion, air pollutants including SO2, NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 may be associated with the risk of hypertension, CHD, and HD. Our findings not only can be used as reference for studying the financing and the allocation of medical resources in the future, but also served as a piece of evidence that supports the policymaking on air pollution and CVDs.

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