scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence and associated risk factors in high-risk groups: A cross-sectional study from Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yasemin Balaban ◽  
Abdullah Tarık Aslan ◽  
Fatma Nur Akdoğan Kittana ◽  
Alpaslan Alp ◽  
Osman Dağ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Undercooked Meat

AbstractBackgroundThe renal transplant recipients (RT), allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (allo-HSCT), patients with acute hepatitis (AH), and chronic hepatitis C patients (CHC) are at risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. However, seroepidemiology, risk factors to HEV exposure, and the prevalence of HEV viremia has not yet been investigated among these patients in Turkey.Materials&MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 292 consecutive serum samples were tested for HEV immunoglobulin IgG/IgM and HEV RNA using commercial ELISA and in-house nested PCR with Sanger sequencing, respectively. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory data, and risk factors were collected using a questionnaire and hospital database. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify independent predictors for anti-HEV seropositivity.ResultsAmong all patients (n=292) tested for HEV RNA reactivity, only 2 patients (one RT recipient and one patient with AH) were identified as having HEV3 viremia. HEV viremia rate was 0.6% in whole group. These patients had shown no signs of chronic HEV infection for 6 months and was found to spontaneously seroconverted 6 months after enrollment. Anti-HEV IgG was positive in 29 patients yielding an HEV seroprevalence of 9.9%. Older age (aOR:1.03, 95% CI, 1.00-1.06; p:0.022) and eating undercooked meat (aOR:3.11, 95% CI, 1.08-8.92; p:0.034) were independent risk factors to anti-HEV seropositivity in all patients. Similarly, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (aOR:1.03, 95% CI, 0.99-1.07, p:0.058) and eating undercooked meat (aOR:5.77, 95% CI, 1.49-22.25, p:0.011) were independent risk factors for anti-HEV IgG positivity in the non-immunosuppressive subgroup consisting of AH and CHC patients.ConclusionThe HEV seroprevalence rate was high (9.9%), despite low viremia rate (0.6%) in high-risk patients. The emergence of HEV3 might indicate a serious problem for these patients. Future investigations are needed to elucidate foodborne transmission routes of HEV in Turkey.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk assessment of viral hepatitis E infection in a group of exposed persons from Republic of Moldova

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 461-464
Author(s):  
Octavian Sajin ◽  
Constantin Spînu ◽  
Iurie Pînzaru ◽  
Maria Isac ◽  
Igor Spînu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Introduction: Viral hepatitis E is considered to be an important issue for public health in developing countries. The aim of the present study is to evaluate morbidity and risk factors in occupationally exposed groups such as people working on sausage production. Methodology: Seroprevalence of HEV (hepatitis E virus) and risk factors to infection were determined in a cross-sectional study of two groups of populations: people working on sausage production (n = 70) and persons without occupational exposure (people working in the textile industry n = 70) in Moldova, a country without reported cases of hepatitis E. Results: The seroprevalence of HEV was 14.3% (CI 95%, 13.1-15.5%) in the group of exposed, compared with no cases in the non-exposed group that indicates on no previous infectious contact with hepatitis E virus. Conclusions: The increased seroprevalence of HEV among persons with occupational exposure to swine meat suggest animal-to-human transmission of this infection.

Low serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and body mass are risk factors for frailty in elderly people with diabetes: possible mechanistic role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate – a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Yanase ◽  
Ikumi Yanagita ◽  
Yuya Fujihara ◽  
Chikayo Iwaya ◽  
Yuichi Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Relatively low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and high cortisol/DHEA ratio have been suggested to be associated with frailty, evaluated using a physical scale. However, the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been assessed using a wider range of measures of frailty, including physical, mental, and social indices. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly T2DM patients (n=148; ≥65 years), using a broad assessment, the clinical frailty scale, and to reevaluate the risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients. We compared parameters between the non-frail and frail groups using the unpaired t and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Jonckheere-Therpstra test was used to identify relationships with the severity of frailty and risk factors were identified using binary regression analysis. Results: Simple regression analysis identified a number of significant risk factors for frailty, including DHEAS <70 µg/dL and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio ≥0.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that low albumin (<4.0 g/dl) (odds ratio [OR]=5.79, p <0.001), low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<25 IU/L) (OR=4.34, p =0.009), and low body mass (BM) (<53 kg) (OR=3.85, p =0.012) were independent risk factors for frailty. A significant decrease in DHEA-S and a significant increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio occurred alongside increases in the severity of frailty. DHEA-S concentration positively correlated with both serum albumin and BM. Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia, low AST, and low BM are independent risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients, strongly implying relative malnutrition in these frail patients. DHEA-S may be important for the maintenance of liver function and BM. A decrease in DHEA-S and an increase in the cortisol/DHEAS ratio may be involved in the mechanism of the effect of malnutrition in elderly T2DM patients.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Calves among Small-Holder Dairy and Traditional Herds in Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel S. Swai ◽  
Luuk Schoonman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
House Floor ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and risk factors of cryptosporidiosis in bovine from two contrasting production system in and around Tanga municipality between May 2003 and January 2004. The study populations comprised 117 calves aged ≤3 months, randomly selected from 44 smallholders dairy and traditional managed herds, respectively. Individual calf and herd-level information was collected using a structured questionnaire and feacal samples were screened forCryptosporidiumspp oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Overall, 35% of the calves in the study were sheddingCryptosporidiumspp oocysts, with at least one positive calf detected in 54.5% of herds. Independent risk factors for cryptosporidiosis were: age ≥1 to ≤2 months and level of cleanness of calf house floor categorized as dirty (). Similarly an increases risk ofCryptosporidiumspp infection was found in calves from smallholder dairy units compared to traditional herds (). The finding highlights thatCryptosporidiumspp is prevalent among calves in the area under study. The high prevalence of cryptosporidiosis detected in this study suggests that it may have a significant impact on livestock industry and that the close interaction between cattle and human may play a role in zoonotic transmission to humans.

scholarly journals A predict model to evaluate the HbeAg-positive of Chronic Hepatitis B in clinic: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Zheng ◽  
Yunfeng Zhu ◽  
Li Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Predict Model

Abstract Background: The previous studies showed the correlation between HBsAg and serum HBV DNA levels were weak or missing. Objective：The study aims to investigate the correlation between HBeAg and HBV DNA levels, and to find an alternative tool to evaluate the HBV DNA level for clinicians. Methods: We enrolled 1020 patients in this cross-sectional study. We divided the patients into four groups as: HBeAg positivity and negativity groups, high and low HBV DNA levels groups. Further, as to the levels of HBV DNA, we performed subgroups’ in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative groups. Results: Results showed that the ALT, ALB and HBeAg are independent factors to estimate the serum HBV DNA in CHB patients. When the level of HBeAg is higher than 16.15 S/CO, predicting the patient with high levels of HBV DNA and 4 folds to have the high levels of HBV DNA than the HBeAg-negativ. The levels of ALT and TB are the independent risk factors in HBeAg-negative group. Conclusion: HBeAg is an independent factor that reflects the levels of serum HBV DNA with a strong correlation, and we draw a predict model to evaluate the HBV DNA levels as: Y1 (high HBV DNA levels) = 1.412 × (1 for HBeAg-positive >16.15 S/CO or 0 for others) + 0.004 × (1 for ALT > 42.5 U/L or 0 for others) −0.029 × (1 for ALB > 25.5 g/L or 0 for others) + 0.779. For the patients with HBeAg(-), we should evaluate by the levels of ALT and TB, and the predict model is:Y2 (low levels of HBV DNA) = 0.385 − 0.005 × (1 for ALT > 36.5 IU/L or 0 for others) − 0.006 × (1 for TB > 11.15 umol/L or 0 for others).

scholarly journals TB-diabetes comorbidity and associated factors in Maekel Zone, Eritrea: A cross sectional study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenawi Zeramariam Araia ◽  
Araia Berhane Mesfin ◽  
Amanuel Hadgu Mebrahtu ◽  
Adiam Ghebreyohanns Tewelde ◽  
Randa Osman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Eritrea. TB-DM comorbidity is known to complicate TB care, control and prevention. However, systematically studied epidemiological data on TB-DM comorbidity and its associated risk factors is lacking in this country. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of DM and its associated factors among TB patients in Maekel region, Eritrea.Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in eleven TB diagnostic and treatment sites. Pretested data extraction tool was used to collect data from medical records. Prevalence data was analysed using frequencies, proportions and median. To determine DM risk factors, univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done with 95%CI and p value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of total eligible (1,134) TB cases, DM prevalence was 9.88%. Age and BMI were identified as independent risk factors for DM among TB patients. Higher odds of DM was found among TB patients aged 45-54 (aOR: 4.85[1.39-16.94], p= 0.013) and those ≥ 55 (aOR: 6.99[2.12-23.04], p= 0.001). TB cases with normal BMI were two times more likely to have DM (aOR: 2.00[1.23-3.26], p= 0.005) compared to those underweight. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM among TB cases observed in this study is high, a clarion call to scale up current efforts to integrate TB-DM services within routine care. Furthermore, age and BMI were identified as independent risk factors for DM in TB cases, pointing to the need to pay attention to age and BMI status when managing this co-morbidityKey words: TB-DM prevalence, transient hyperglycaemia, fasting blood glucose, pre-diabetes, Eritrea.

scholarly journals Low serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and body mass are risk factors for frailty in elderly people with diabetes – a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Yanase ◽  
Ikumi Yanagita ◽  
Yuya Fujihara ◽  
Chikayo Iwaya ◽  
Yuichi Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Relatively low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and high cortisol/DHEA ratio have been suggested to be associated with frailty as evaluated using a physical scale. However, the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been assessed using a wider range of measures of frailty, including physical, mental, and social indices.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly T2DM patients (n=148; ≥65 years), using a broad assessment, the clinical frailty scale, and to reevaluate the risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients. We compared parameters between the non-frail and frail groups using the unpaired t and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Jonckheere-Therpstra test was used to identify relationships with the severity of frailty and risk factors were identified using binary regression analysis.Results: Simple regression analysis identified a number of significant risk factors for frailty, including DHEAS <70 µg/dL and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio ≥0.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that low albumin (<4.0 g/dl) (odds ratio [OR]=5.79, p<0.001), low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<25 IU/L) (OR=4.34, p=0.009), and low body mass (BM) (<53 kg) (OR=3.85, p=0.012) were independent risk factors for frailty. A significant decrease in DHEA-S and a significant increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio occurred alongside increases in the severity of frailty. DHEA-S concentration positively correlated with both serum albumin and BM.Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia, low AST, and low BM are independent risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients, strongly implying relative malnutrition in these frail patients. DHEA-S may be important for the maintenance of liver function and BM. A decrease in DHEA-S and an increase in the cortisol/DHEAS ratio may be involved in the mechanism of the effect of malnutrition in elderly T2DM patients. trial registration number: UMIN (number 000031357)

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