scholarly journals Acute and chronic effects of exams week on cortisol production in undergraduate students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipy Borghi ◽  
Priscila Cristina da Silva ◽  
Fernando Canova ◽  
Aglecio Luiz Souza ◽  
Aline Barbedo Arouca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
School Year ◽  
Final Exams ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects ◽  
Stressful Stimulus

ABSTRACTUndergraduate students experience many levels of stress throughout their university trajectory. The pressure to achieve good results highlight the exams week in the Universities as a stimulus that triggers psychosocial stress and increased release of cortisol. Considering the increasingly experience an undue amount of stress, we aimed in this study to investigate the short- and long-term effects of exams week on HPA axis in undergraduates by the cortisol production. Twenty-eight undergraduates aged 18-24 years from biological sciences during the final exams’ week at the end of the school year collected hair and saliva for cortisol measures. Hair cortisol was significantly higher in exams month. They exhibited cortisol rhythmicity and preserved CAR (cortisol awakening response) even under psychosocial stress. The exams week is a trigger for psychosocial stress, however, did not generate significant short-term changes in cortisol rhythmicity. Thus, it is evident that young people adapt to the stressful stimulus, avoiding a possible trigger for mental illness.

Differential Effects of Worry and Imagery After Exposure to a Stressful Stimulus: A Pilot Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Butler ◽  
Adrian Wells ◽  
Hilary Dewick
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Intrusive Cognitions ◽  
Stressful Stimulus ◽  
Do So

Imagery appears to be associated with higher levels of anxiety than does worry. Borkovec has argued that worry could be a way of avoiding distressing imagery and the associated affect. Thus worry could suppress emotional activation, interfere with emotional processing, and contribute to the maintenance of anxiety. This hypothesis suggests that short and long-term effects of worrying after experiencing a distressing stimulus should differ from the effects of engaging in imagery. In the short term, imagery should maintain anxiety while worry should not do so, or should do so less. In the longer term, worry should be a less successful way of reducing anxiety associated with the stimulus than imagery, and should be followed by a greater number of intrusive cognitions (indicating the relative failure of emotional processing). These predictions were tested by asking subjects to worry, engage in imagery or “settle down” after watching a distressing video. The results were broadly consistent with the hypothesis. Other interpretations are also considered.

scholarly journals Bandwidth knowledge of results persists on motor skills acquisition

Motricidade ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madson Pereira Cruz ◽  
Rodolfo Novellino Benda ◽  
Maria Flávia Soares Pinto Carvalho ◽  
Guilherme Menezes Lage ◽  
Maria Teresa Cattuzzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Acquisition Phase ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Target Time ◽  
Short And Long Term

The aim of this study was to investigate the short and long-term effects of the bandwidth KR in learning of the absolute and relative dimensions of a motor skill. Twenty-two undergraduate students divided into two groups: G15 who received KR when the relative error exceeded 15%; and G0, with KR after every trial. The study consisted of an acquisition phase, and the volunteers practiced 100 trials with a target time of 850 ms and relative of 22.2%, 44.4% and 33.3% between the first and second, second and third, third and fourth keys, respectively. This phase, KR related to relative time (relative error) was provided according to the group. KR of total target time was available to both groups after all trials. Three retention tests with ten trials were conducted 10 minutes, 24 hours and one week after the acquisition phase. The results showed that G15 had a smaller relative error than G0. This study allows concluding that bandwidth KR in relation relative time error showed its effects in the consistency of relative time. These effects persisted even after seven days after the acquisition phase in a delayed retention test.

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

Acute, medium and long-term effects of yellow sand and air pollutants on allergy and biomarker search

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Tomomi Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Acute And Chronic Effects

Talk to any allergy sufferer and they will tell you how awful it can be. Runny noses, itchy eyes, coughing and difficulties breathing. For many these symptoms rise only to the level of annoyance and can be avoided by steering clear of the source of their allergy. What many people don't realise though is that allergies can become a far more serious issue for a large segment of the population. Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing due to allergies bring many people to emergency rooms and these are just the acute symptoms. Along with the potential for an allergic attack during a windy or dusty day, researchers and medical professionals are beginning to recognise that there are chronic, long term effects associated with allergies. In order to mitigate both the acute and chronic effects of allergies a better understanding of how genetic factors combine with environmental conditions to produce the ranges of symptoms and effects of allergy suffers is needed. Professor Tomomi Higashi, from the Department of Hygiene at Kanazawa University in Japan, is an expert in this field and is currently working to improve treatment and prevention of allergic disease.

The Neurobiology of Pain

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-414
Author(s):  
Maria Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael W. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

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