scholarly journals Genomic heterogeneity affects the response to Daylight Saving Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Tyler ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Cathy Goldstein ◽  
Daniel Forger ◽  
Srijan Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Daylight Saving Time ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Daylight Saving ◽  
The One ◽  
External Time

ABSTRACTCircadian rhythms drive the timing of many physiological events in the 24-hour day. When individuals undergo an abrupt external shift (e.g., change in work schedule or travel across multiple time zones), circadian rhythms become misaligned with the new time and may take several days to adjust. Chronic circadian misalignment, e.g., as a result of shift work, has been shown to lead to several physical and mental health problems. Despite the serious health implications of circadian misalignment, relatively little is known about how genetic variation affects an individual’s ability to shift to abrupt external changes. Accordingly, we use the one-hour advance from the onset of daylight saving time (DST) as a natural experiment to comprehensively study how individual heterogeneity affects the shift of sleep-wake rhythms in response to an abrupt external time change. We find that individuals genetically predisposed to a morning tendency adjust to the advance in a few days, while genetically predisposed evening-inclined individuals have not shifted. Observing differential effects by genetic disposition after a one-hour advance underscores the importance of heterogeneity in adaptation to external schedule shifts, and these genetic differences may affect how individuals adjust to jet lag or shift work as well.

scholarly journals Genomic heterogeneity affects the response to Daylight Saving Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Tyler ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Cathy Goldstein ◽  
Daniel Forger ◽  
Srijan Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Circadian Clocks ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Daylight Saving Time ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Daylight Saving ◽  
The One ◽  
External Time

AbstractCircadian clocks control the timing of many physiological events in the 24-h day. When individuals undergo an abrupt external shift (e.g., change in work schedule or travel across multiple time zones), circadian clocks become misaligned with the new time and may take several days to adjust. Chronic circadian misalignment, e.g., as a result of shift work, has been shown to lead to several physical and mental health problems. Despite the serious health implications of circadian misalignment, relatively little is known about how genetic variation affects an individual’s ability to entrain to abrupt external changes. Accordingly, we used the one-hour advance from the onset of daylight saving time (DST) as a natural experiment to comprehensively study how individual heterogeneity affects the shift of sleep/wake cycles in response to an abrupt external time change. We found that individuals genetically predisposed to a morning tendency adjusted to the advance in a few days, while genetically predisposed evening-inclined individuals had not shifted. Observing differential effects by genetic disposition after a one-hour advance underscores the importance of heterogeneity in adaptation to external schedule shifts. These genetic differences may affect how individuals adjust to jet lag or shift work as well.

scholarly journals Daylight saving time and circadian rhythms in the neuro-endocrine-immune system: impact on cardiovascular health

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Tarquini ◽  
Annalucia Carbone ◽  
Micaela Martinez ◽  
Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Daylight Saving Time ◽  
Daylight Saving ◽  
System Impact

scholarly journals Daylight saving time, circadian rhythms, and cardiovascular health

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Manfredini ◽  
Fabio Fabbian ◽  
Rosaria Cappadona ◽  
Pietro Amedeo Modesti
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Daylight Saving Time ◽  
Daylight Saving

Racism, the National Health Service, and the Health of Black People

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Kushnick
Keyword(s):  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Black People ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
The One

Racism has been and is central to an understanding of the health of black people in Britain. Black people have played and are playing a central role in the National Health Service (NHS). Their role is, however, shaped by racism. Their experiences as consumers of the NHS are also shaped by racism—in terms of their treatment for both physical and mental health problems. In addition, their specific health problems such as sickle cell anemia have not received the attention they deserve. The NHS has become part of the internal control system of the British racist immigration system. The cuts in the NHS, and in other areas of the welfare state, since 1979 have created the conditions for increasing racial conflict on the one hand and for interracial class-based resistance on the other.

scholarly journals Less is more: Light sampling via throttled visual phototransduction robustly synchronizes the Drosophila circadian clock in the absence of Cryptochrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Ogueta ◽  
Roger C Hardie ◽  
Ralf Stanewsky
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clock Synchronization ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
Normal Sensitivity ◽  
External Time

SummaryThe daily changes of light and dark exemplify a prominent cue for the synchronization of internal circadian clocks to external time. The match between external and internal time is crucial for the fitness of organisms and desynchronization has been linked to numerous physical and mental health problems in humans. Organisms therefore developed complex and not fully understood mechanisms to synchronize their circadian clock to light. In mammals and in Drosophila both the visual system and dedicated non-image forming photoreceptors contribute to light resetting of the circadian clock. In the fruit fly, light-dependent degradation of the clock protein TIMELESS (TIM) by the blue light photoreceptor Cryptochrome is considered the main mechanism for clock synchronization, although the visual system also contributes. In order to understand the nature of the visual system contribution, we generated a genetic variant exhibiting extremely slow phototransduction kinetics, yet normal sensitivity. We show that in this variant the visual system is able to contribute its full share to circadian clock entrainment, both with regard to behavioral and molecular synchronization to light:dark cycles. This function depends on an alternative Phospholipase C-ß enzyme, encoded by PLC21C, presumably playing a dedicated role in clock resetting by light. We show that this pathway requires the ubiquitin ligase CULLIN-3, presumably mediating CRY-independent degradation of TIM during light:dark cycles. Our results suggest that visual system contribution to circadian clock entrainment operates on a drastically slower time scale compared with fast, visual and image forming phototransduction. Our findings are therefore consistent with the general idea that the visual system samples light over prolonged periods of time (hours) in order to reliably synchronize their internal clocks with the external time.

scholarly journals The Effects of Shift Work on Cardio-Metabolic Diseases and Eating Patterns

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4178
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hemmer ◽  
Julie Mareschal ◽  
Charna Dibner ◽  
Jacques A. Pralong ◽  
Victor Dorribo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physiological Markers

Energy metabolism is tightly linked with circadian rhythms, exposure to ambient light, sleep/wake, fasting/eating, and rest/activity cycles. External factors, such as shift work, lead to a disruption of these rhythms, often called circadian misalignment. Circadian misalignment has an impact on some physiological markers. However, these proxy measurements do not immediately translate into major clinical health outcomes, as shown by later detrimental health effects of shift work and cardio-metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the effects of shift work on circadian rhythms and its implications in cardio-metabolic disorders and eating patterns. Shift work appears to be a risk factor of overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and the metabolic syndrome. However, past studies showed discordant findings regarding the changes of lipid profile and eating patterns. Most studies were either small and short lab studies, or bigger and longer cohort studies, which could not measure health outcomes in a detailed manner. These two designs explain the heterogeneity of shift schedules, occupations, sample size, and methods across studies. Given the burden of non-communicable diseases and the growing concerns about shift workers’ health, novel approaches to study shift work in real contexts are needed and would allow a better understanding of the interlocked risk factors and potential mechanisms involved in the onset of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals An chronobiological evaluation of the risks of cancelling Daylight Saving Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Maria Martin-Olalla
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Daylight Saving Time ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Daylight Saving ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Seasonal Regulation ◽  
Long Term Impact

The long term impact of seasonal regulation of clocks (Daylight Saving Time) is analyzed showing that it helped to mitigate the exposition of human activity to the dawn hours of the winter. The increased risks induced by circadian misalignment around transition dates are balanced with the reducing risks over a season induced by a more effective alignment of the human activity to the starting point of the photoperiod.

Socio Demographic and Clinical Profile of Indoor Female Patients of RINPAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Rajni Suri ◽  
Anshu Suri ◽  
Neelam Kumari ◽  
Amool R. Singh ◽  
Manisha Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

The role of women is very crucial in our society. She cares for her parents, partner, children and other relatives. She performs all types of duties in family and also in the society without any expectations. Because of playing many roles, women often face many challenges in their life including both physical and mental. Mental health problems affect women and men equally, but some problems are more common among women including both physical and mental health problems. Aim of the study - The present study is aimed to describe and compare the clinical and socio-demographic correlates of female mentally ill patients. Methods and Materials: The study includes 180 female mentally ill patients based on cross sectional design and the sample for the study was drawn purposively. A semi structured socio-demographic data sheet was prepared to collect relevant information as per the need of the study. Result: The present study reveals that the socio-demographic factors contribute a vital role in mental illness. Findings also showed that majority of patients had mental problems in the age range of 20-30 have high rate. Illiterate and primary level of education and daily wage working women as well as low and middle socio-economic status women are more prone to have mental illness. Other factors like marital status, type of family and religion etc also important factors for mental illness. Keywords: Socio demographic profile, female, psychiatric patient

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