scholarly journals Niche shifts and hybridization in two Amazona parrot sister-species introduced to Southern California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Maley ◽  
Rowdy J. Freeland ◽  
Devon A. DeRaad ◽  
Amanda J. Zellmer ◽  
Margaret E. Schedl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Urban Habitat ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Introduced Range

ABSTRACTHybridization involving introduced species is becoming more common as humans modify landscapes and ecosystems. When two closely related species are introduced to the same area, their niche dynamics will dictate the level of sympatry and potential for hybridization. Amazona parrots offer a rare case where multiple closely related species have established as breeders in Southern California. Red-crowned Parrots (A. viridigenalis) and Lilac-crowned Parrots (A. finschi) are particularly interesting because they are sister species with allopatric native ranges in Mexico. In Southern California, where they established in the 1980s and have since grown in numbers, they appear to occupy the same urban habitat. We sought to test whether introduced Red-crowned and Lilac-crowned parrots have shifted their niches compared to their native ranges, and if so, whether sympatry has led to hybridization. Using broad-scale environmental data collected from weather stations and orbiting satellites, we found that Red- crowned and Lilac-crowned parrots have partially divergent environmental niches in their native ranges, but now occupy the same environmental niche in their introduced range in Southern California. This new niche is largely different from what they experience in their respective home ranges, supporting a niche- shift model of species introduction. Due to this niche shift, the two species now come into contact across Southern California, leading to hybridization. Genomic markers support the existence of some recent hybrids as well as advanced backcrosses resulting from older hybridization events closer to the time of first introduction. Photographs from community scientists included as part of the Free-flying Los Angeles Parrot Project (FLAPP) also document hybrids, but underestimate their frequency compared to genetic data. Despite evidence for ongoing hybridization, the bimodal distribution of ancestry among the introduced population points to the existence of reproductive isolating mechanisms keeping the two species distinct. Further study is needed to understand if reproductive isolating mechanisms result from behavioral factors, such as conspecific flocking preferences, suggested by the community science data, or from genomic incompatibilities built up from a long history of isolation in Mexico. The integrity of these genetic lineages in Southern California carries important conservation implications, as both species are listed as endangered in their native ranges due to trapping for the pet trade and habitat loss.

Description of ten tadpoles in the genus Boophis from Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2694 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAHIRY RASOLONJATOVO HIOBIARILANTO ◽  
ROGER-DANIEL RANDRIANIAINA ◽  
JULIAN GLOS ◽  
AXEL STRAUß ◽  
MIGUEL VENCES
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time

We provide morphological descriptions of the tadpoles of ten species of Malagasy treefrogs of the genus Boophis (family Mantellidae). Based on individuals determined by DNA barcoding, the larvae of eight species are described for the first time: B. anjanaharibeensis, B. axelmeyeri, B. elenae, B. englaenderi, B. luciae, B. rhodoscelis, B. roseipalmatus, and B. vittatus. For two additional species, B. andreonei and B. microtympanum, we provide descriptions from other localities than the previously known larvae. All tadpoles described herein are stream-adapted, exotrophic, and of a relatively generalized morphology. In general, we found a morphological similarity of larvae belonging to phenetic species groups of Boophis, but more detailed analyses showed several differences between taxa that are known to be sister species or closely related to each other: B. luciae has a much higher number of oral papillae than B. sibilans, B. roseipalmatus has a slightly lower number of papillae and possibly a stronger caudal musculature than B. madagascariensis, and B. elenae has a distinctly lower number of oral papillae and keratodonts in the first upper keratodont row than B. sandrae. This indicates that tadpole characters might, in some cases, provide good taxonomic characters in Boophis, a genus in which adults of closely related species are often morphologically extremely similar.

scholarly journals Hybridization between Cutthroat and Rainbow Trout: Evidence from Biochemical Genetic Loci

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Eric Loudenslager ◽  
G. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Cutthroat, Salmo clarki, and rainbow, Salmo gairdneri, trout are largely allopatric, closely related species. Where naturally sympatric ecological isolating mechanisms maintain species identity. However, the inland subspecies of cutthroat trout which did not evolve in sympatry with rainbows are thought to freely hybridize with rainbow trout which have been introduced for recreational purposes. Because of the mass introductions of rainbow trout fish managers have become increasingly concerned about the purity of the dwindling stocks of native cutthroats.

Courtship and mating behaviours of two syntopic species of skink (Plestiodon anthracinus and Plestiodon fasciatus)

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Robert Alexander Pyron ◽  
Carlos Duane Camp
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Plestiodon Fasciatus ◽  
Ethological Isolation

AbstractCourtship and mating behaviours are widely conserved throughout the scincid lizard genus Plestiodon, and ethological isolation between closely related species depends heavily on differentiating chemical cues. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not subtle, as yet undetected differences are present in the mating behaviours of two syntopic, distantly related skinks, P. anthracinus and P. fasciatus. Observed courtship and mating behaviours were similar between the two species and to those reported for other species within this genus. However, survival analysis determined significant interspecific differences in the duration of pre-coital behaviours. Investigation of such subtle differences between species more closely related than these two may generate further insights into the evolution of ethological isolating mechanisms in lizards.

scholarly journals Nessia gansi: a Second Three-toed Snake-Skink (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from Sri Lanka with the Designation of a Neotype for Nessia burtonii Gray

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 377-388
Author(s):  
Sudesh Batuwita ◽  
Udeni Edirisinghe
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Discrete Distribution ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Meristic Data

Abstract A new species of Nessia is described from Sri Lanka. Nessia gansi sp. n. is distinguished from its sister species (N. burtonii) based on the morphological and meristic data. The new species differs from all other congeners except N. burtonii Gray, by a combination of following characters: presence of four limbs; all limbs bearing three digits; interparietal broader than frontal. It distinguishes from N. burtonii by having five (vs. six) supraciliaries; one (vs. two) pretemporal/s; two (vs. one) primary temporal/s; three (vs. four) infralabials; 93-105 (vs. 110-124) paravertebral scale rows; 103-114 (vs. 117-121) ventral scales; two (vs. three) subdigital lamellae under each digit of manus; mental as wide as postmental (vs. mental wider than postmental); and nostrils visible when viewed ventrally (vs. not visible). Two closely related species show a discrete distribution in Sri Lanka: N. gansi sp. n. is recorded from Kanneliya, Rumaswala, Kottawa, Panagula, Ambalangoda and Imaduwa in the first and second peneplains (~100 m), whereas N. burtonii records (here corrected) are reported from Alagalla, Ambagamuwa, Gampola, Hiniduma and Kandy within the third peneplain (from ~500 m). The identity of N. burtonii is stabilized through the designation of a neotype, and here it is re-described.

scholarly journals A morphological trait involved in reproductive isolation between Drosophila sister species is sensitive to temperature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex E. Peluffo ◽  
Mehdi Hamdani ◽  
Alejandra Vargas-Valderrama ◽  
Jean R. David ◽  
François Mallard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genital Structure ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Male Genital

AbstractMale genitalia are usually extremely divergent between closely related species, but relatively constant within one species. Here we examine the effect of temperature on the shape of the ventral branches, a male genital structure involved in reproductive isolation, in the sister species Drosophila santomea and D. yakuba. We designed a semi-automatic measurement pipeline that can reliably identify curvatures and landmarks based on manually digitized contours of the ventral branches. With this method, we observed that temperature does not affect ventral branches in D. yakuba but that in D. santomea ventral branches tend to morph into a D. yakuba-like shape at lower temperature. Our results suggest that speciation of D. santomea and D. yakuba was associated with a change in genitalia plasticity.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture of a key reproductive isolation trait differs between sympatric and non-sympatric sister species of Lake Victoria cichlids

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1924) ◽  
pp. 20200270
Author(s):  
Anna F. Feller ◽  
Marcel P. Haesler ◽  
Catherine L. Peichel ◽  
Ole Seehausen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Nuptial Coloration

One hallmark of the East African cichlid radiations is the rapid evolution of reproductive isolation that is robust to full sympatry of many closely related species. Theory predicts that species persistence and speciation in sympatry with gene flow are facilitated if loci of large effect or physical linkage (or pleiotropy) underlie traits involved in reproductive isolation. Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of a key trait involved in behavioural isolation, male nuptial coloration, by crossing two sister species pairs of Lake Victoria cichlids of the genus Pundamilia and mapping nuptial coloration in the F2 hybrids. One is a young sympatric species pair, representative of an axis of colour motif differentiation, red-dorsum versus blue, that is highly recurrent in closely related sympatric species. The other is a species pair representative of colour motifs, red-chest versus blue, that are common in allopatric but uncommon in sympatric closely related species. We find significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with moderate to large effects (some overlapping) for red and yellow in the sympatric red-dorsum × blue cross, whereas we find no significant QTLs in the non-sympatric red-chest × blue cross. These findings are consistent with theory predicting that large effect loci or linkage/pleiotropy underlying mating trait differentiation could facilitate speciation and species persistence with gene flow in sympatry.

Global Assessment of Climatic Niche Shifts in Three Rumex Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Carlin ◽  
Jennifer Bufford ◽  
Philip Hulme ◽  
William Godsoe
Keyword(s):  
Species Distributions ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Niche Shifts

Abstract Climatic niche shifts occur when species occupy different climates in the introduced range than in their native range. We know that climatic niche shifts are common occurrences, however we do not currently understand whether climatic niche shifts can consistently be predicted across the globe. Using three congeneric weed species, we investigate whether the known presence of a climatic niche shift in one range can help predict a species’ distribution in other ranges. We consider whether data either from other ranges or from closely related species can help predict whether climatic niche shifts will occur. We compared the climatic conditions occupied by Rumex obtusifolius, R. crispus, and R. conglomeratus between their native range (Eurasia) and three different introduced ranges (North America, Australia, New Zealand). We consider metrics of niche overlap, expansion, unfilling, pioneering, and similarity to determine whether i) climatic niche shifts have occurred and ii) climatic niche shifts were consistent across ranges and congeners. We found that the presence and direction of climatic niche shifts is inconsistent across ranges for all three species. Within an introduced range, however, niche shifts were similar between species. Despite this, species distributions outside of their native range could not be reliably predicted by the distributions of congeners in either their native or introduced ranges. This study is the first of its kind to consider niche shifts across multiple introduced ranges and species, highlighting new challenges in predicting species distributions when species undergo climatic niche shifts.

Two new species of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 with a deep dorsal depression on the carapace (Crustacea, Decapoda, Alpheidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3041 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTHUR ANKER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Alpheid Shrimp

Two closely related species of the alpheid shrimp genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 are described as new, viz. S. excavatus sp. nov. from the tropical eastern Pacific (Panama, Colombia), and S. depressus sp. nov. from the western Atlantic (Panama, Venezuela, Barbados). The two species share the presence of a dent-like, deep, longitudinal depression on the dorsal surface of the carapace, a feature unique within Salmoneus, the Alpheidae, and possibly the infra-order Caridea, as well as several other characters, thus forming a transisthmian sister species pair.

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