scholarly journals Effects of potassium fertilizer on dry matter accumulation and potassium absorption characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines with different yield types

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafang Fan ◽  
Ju-lin Gao ◽  
Ji-ying Sun ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Zhi-jun Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Potassium Absorption ◽  
Absorption Characteristics

In this experiment, 20 different maize inbred lines were used as basic materials, which were divided into high-yield type, middle-yield type and low-yield type by yield cluster analysis. A 3-year long-term positioning field experiment (2016–2018) was carried out to assess the effects of potassium fertilizer on dry matter, potassium absorption and potassium absorption efficiency of maize inbred lines with different yield types. The results showed that the dry matter, potassium absorption and potassium absorption efficiency of leaf, stem, bract, rachis and grain of maize inbred lines have been significantly increased with potassium application in comparison with no potassium application. Potassium fertilizer could improve the dry matter accumulation capacity and potassium absorption characteristics of maize, promote the potassium absorption by maize plants, influence the growth and development of maize, and then improve the maize yield. The decrease of dry matter, potassium absorption and potassium absorption efficiency of high-yield maize inbred lines was smaller under low potassium stress. The high-yield maize inbred lines had stronger ability to maintain higher dry matter accumulation and potassium absorption characteristics under low potassium stress. The study provided a theoretical basis for the breeding of potassium-efficient maize materials.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yield-Based Low Nitrogen Tolerance Indices for Screening Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixin Zhao ◽  
Kunhui He ◽  
Zhiqian Feng ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Liguo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Low Nitrogen Tolerance ◽  
Low Nitrogen

To screen the desired criterion to identify desirable genotypes and select genotypes best suited to limited nitrogen availability in order to facilitate the practice of low-nitrogen-tolerant breeding in maize, the response of 31 maize inbred lines, containing four control inbred lines (PH6WC, PH4CV, Zheng58, and Chang7-2) and others selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B heterotic groups cultivated at Northwest A&F University (Yangling, Shaanxi, China), were evaluated. The experiment was conducted following a split plot design with two replications during three growing seasons (2015, 2016, and 2017) under both high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) conditions at the Yulin and Yangling in Shaanxi Province, China. Seven screening indices, based on grain yield under two contrasting nitrogen (N) conditions, the stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), harmonic mean (HM), and low nitrogen tolerance index (LNTI), were computed to assess the overall index that accurately screened the desirable genotypes. The results of the correlation analyses and principal component analysis showed that MP, GMP, HM and STI were correlated with grain yield significantly and positively under contrasting N conditions, and were able to accurately discriminate the desirable genotypes. Compared with the control inbred lines, many inbred lines selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B groups showed a higher LN tolerance. This shows that we can effectively improve the LN tolerance of maize inbred lines through LN screening. Based on the screening indices, the three-dimensional diagram and genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplots are agreed with this results, and we identified KA105, KB081, KA225, 91227, and 2013KB-47 as the desired genotypes that have the potential to be used to breed a high yield and stable hybrid.

scholarly journals FLOWERING SYNDROME – HYBRID PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP IN MAIZE 1- Field traits and growth rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al- Khazaali & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Selection For

In order to identify the role of selection for early and late silking on the inbred lines from Maize (Zea Mays L.) regarding the grain yield of the consequent hybrids. Filed experiment for four seasons (spring and full 2014 and 2015) was conducted in the experimental field of Field Crop Dept., Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. Four inbred lines (Zm19, Zm32, Zm51 and Zm61) and two testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) were used. In the first two seasons, the seeds of the four inbred lines were planted, first 10 plants that flowered early and 10 plants that flowered late were selected and the seeds of the selected plants were multiplied. The seeds of the early and late selected inbred lines were planted in the third season and crossed with testers. Crosses from the early and late flowering were produced and their seeds were cultivated in the last season. Comparison in some field and growth traits were conducted among the crosses. The experiments laid out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) at three replicates. Selection for early and late flowering parents has induced significant differences in days to flowering for all crosses and ranged between 62 days for early parents and 66 days for late parents. Also, significant differences were shown in several traits, the most prominent were crop’s and seed’s growth rate (CGR and SGR ), that correlated with seed filling duration (SFD), which contributed to increase the deposition of the dry matter into the grain for a longer period, which gave a high grain yield (GY). CGR of outstanding crosses ranged from 3.18 to 6.21 g.m-2.day, SGR ranged between 2.3 to 7.3 g. m-2.day, and the SFD between 35-38 days. In parallel, the testers (Zm21 late and Zm60 early silking) have significantly differed in their effect on the traits of some derived crosses, where the results showed significant superiority of the crosses Zm32Zm60 resulted from crossing the tester Zm60 with early silking parents selected from inbred line Zm32 on the crosses Zm32Zm21 resulted from crossing the tester Zm21 with the same parents of Zm32 in the traits of Total Dry Matter (TDM) (1.85 kg.m-2), CGR (18.28 g.m-2.day), Harvest Index (HI) (0.56), and SGR (3.3 g.m-2.day). It can be conclude  that selection for early and late silking inbred lines, as well as the effect of the early and late silking tester have a great importance in deriving hybrids of a high yield and distinct in several traits, which are all significantly contributing in increasing the GY.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maize “Turda” Germplasm as Sources of Earliness in Breeding Programs

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan HAS ◽  
Voichița HAS ◽  
Ana Copandean ◽  
Teodora SCHIOP ◽  
Carmen ROTAR
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Synthetic Populations

Evaluation of the early maize ( Zea mays L.) germplasm is important for the development of new inbred lines and commercial hybrids adapted to cooler regions. Choice of populations to use in improving elite maize hybrids is a critical decision in maize breeding programs. Our objectives were: I) to examine the variation for earliness in a set of 256 local populations, 56 synthetic populations and 504 inbred lines; II) to determine the performance and heterosis of this germplasm; III) to identify the genotypes (local populations, inbred lines) for the initiation of the primary cycle for directional selection for the studied characters. Seven synthetic populations and six inbred lines formed the base material of this genetic study. The seven synthetic populations and their topcrosses to four inbred lines: two flint inbred lines (TD 233 and CO 255) and two dent inbred lines (TC 184 and TC 209) and also a diallel type p(p-1) system with 30 single-cross hybrids and the six parental forms were evaluated at four environments in: two years 2009 and 2010 and two locations Turda and Targu- Mures. The highest values of additive effects for grain dry matter content were recorded at: Tu Syn Mara (ĝ n = +1.80), Tu SRR 5D (2I) (1) (ĝn = +0.62) and Tu Syn 1 (ĝn = +0.45). Therefore, Tu Syn Mara, Tu SRR 5D (2I)(1) and Tu Syn 1 produced hybrids with the most early maturity. The highest general combining ability (GCA) for dry matter accumulation in grains has registered the inbred lines TC209 (ĝ = +1.36) and TC208 (ĝ = +0.71).

scholarly journals Effect of Light Simplified Cultivation Mode on Growth and Yield of Rice under Straw Returning Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Baifeng Cang ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Yunzhe Li ◽  
Jingjing Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Cultivation Mode

In order to study the application of light and simplified cultivation mode in straw returning field. In the experiment, two treatments of straw returning and non-straw returning were used under the light simplified cultivation mode, and the differences of tiller number, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, chlorophyll and yield were studied. Field cultivation experiments were carried out with Jihong 9 and Jinongda 138. The results showed that the yields of Jihong 9 and Jinongda138 straw returning to the field under the light and simplified cultivation mode were 2.00% and 3.63% higher than those under the non-straw returning mode. The total grain number in the yield components increased by 3.35% and 11.60% respectively. Dry matter increased by 19.70% and 7.66% in mature period. The leaf area index (LAI) and SPAD value in the later period of straw returning were higher than those in the non-straw returning, and the number of effective tillers was lower. Light and simplified cultivation can be used as a new mode of rice high-yield cultivation under straw returning, which improves the total grain number, leaf area index, SPAD value and dry matter in the later stage, and increases rice yield. The yield advantage of Jinongda 138 under straw returning (SJ138) is more significant.

scholarly journals Nutrition, dry matter accumulation and partitioning and phosphorus use efficiency of potato grown at different phosphorus levels in nutrient solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1528-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

High rates of phosphate fertilizers are applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), which may cause antagonistic interactions with other nutrients and limit crop yields when over-supplied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) levels in nutrient solution on P use efficiency, nutritional status and dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning of potato plants cv. Ágata. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of seven P levels in nutrient solution (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, and 48 mg L-1). Plants were harvested after 28 days of growth in nutrient solution, and separated in roots, stems and leaves for evaluations. The treatment effects were analyzed by regression analysis. Phosphorus levels of up to 8 mg L-1 increased the root and shoot DM accumulation, but drastically decreased the root/shoot ratio of potato cv. Ágata. Higher P availability increased P concentration, accumulation and absorption efficiency, but decreased P use efficiency. Higher P levels increased the N, P, Mg, Fe, and Mn concentrations in roots considerably and decreased K, S, Cu, and Zn concentrations. In shoot biomass, N, P, K, and Ca concentrations were significantly increased by P applied in solution, unlike Mg and Cu concentrations. Although higher P levels (> 8 mg L-1) in nutrient solution increased P concentration, accumulation and absorption efficiency, the DM accumulation and partitioning of potato cv. Ágata were not affected.

Physiological studies of competition in Zea mays L: I. Vegetative growth and ear development in maize

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Eddowes
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
The Individual

SUMMARYPreliminary field studies were carried out to obtain an understanding of the progress of dry-matter accumulation in maize and its end-point at harvest. Dry-matter accumulation and its partition between morphological parts was affected, at various stages of growth, by competition. For maximum total yield per unit area of land, early and rapid development of leaf area was needed to exploit the relatively high net assimilation rate early in the season. This leaf area should persist as long as possibleto maximize leaf area duration. A high total plant yield, and high yield of the important ear component, by the individual plant, was obtained at a plant population of about 40000 per acre. The photosynthetic area of the ear made no significant contribution to cob weight.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Maize Inbred Lines Selected from the Shaan A Group and Shaan B Group

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Yonghui Lao ◽  
Yuan Dong ◽  
Yaqin Shi ◽  
Yahui Wang ◽  
Shutu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Group Breeding ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Drought Resistant

Drought is one of the most prevailing abiotic stresses affecting the growth, development, and productivity of maize. Knowledge of drought tolerance could help in maize improvement. However, less research has been done to comprehensively evaluate the drought tolerance of maize inbred lines. We used 27 elite maize inbred lines selected from Shaan A group and Shaan B group breeding populations to estimate their drought tolerance in 3 years 2 locations under normal field conditions and low irrigation. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and GGE biplots, all inbred lines, including the controls, could be divided into four types. Ten lines could be categorized as the high-yield drought-resistant type (‘KB081’, ‘KA105’, ‘KB417’, ‘KB215’, ‘KB-7’, ‘2013KB-37’, ‘KA203’, ‘2012KA-34’, ‘KA225’, and ‘91227’) because of their stability and wide adaptability. Compared with the controls, a large proportion of the inbred lines selected from Shaan A and Shaan B breeding populations demonstrated higher drought resistance. Our results suggest that multi-year drought screening can be used as a tool to improve the drought resistance of maize inbred lines and provide a scientific basis for making better use of the Shaan A and Shaan B maize inbred lines to breed new varieties and to identify existing drought-resistant maize varieties.

scholarly journals Effects of interaction of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and yield components of soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010
Author(s):  
Liu Ming ◽  
Bi Ying-Dong ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Liu Miao ◽  
Wang Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Effects of the interaction of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and yield components of soybean were studied in cylindrical tube cultivation. The results showed that proper application of biochar promoted dry matter accumulation and LAI regulation of individual plant, and the regulating effect was greater in the later stage of growth than in the early stage. The dry matter weight per plant and LAI were the highest in C1 treatment with different amount of biochar application. However, with the further increase of the amount of carbon application, the dry matter weight per plant and LAI decreased gradually. The plant height of soybean was reduced by the application of biochar. 750 kg/hm2 of biochar and 42 kg/hm2 of nitrogen were found to be the best combinations for high yield of soybean and the theoretical yield was found to be 3546.9 kg/hm2. The combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer affects yield mainly by regulating the number of seed per plant.

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