Bacterial Cellulose Production from Acerola Industrial Waste Using Isolated Kombucha Strain

Bacterial Cellulose (BC) production is still considered expensive and challenging for industries. Herein, BC was produced through an acetic acid bacteria isolated from the kombucha consortium and an extract from acerola juice-industrial waste. The isolated bacterium was characterized through different assays (biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene) being identified as Komagataeibacter rhaeticus. BC production with static cultivation mode by the isolated strain was compared using traditional Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium and acerola waste (AC) (5% w/v). The kinetic behavior of BC production was slightly higher in the HS medium reaching 2.9 g/L after 12 days of fermentation, while 2.3 g/L in the AC medium. Minor differences were observed between crystallite size and d-spacing, highlighting BC produced by the AC medium with higher crystallinity of 93.9% and two-fold breaking stress resistance in comparison with the conventional medium, with high-temperature stability and economically feasible, promissory results for further application of this synthetized cellulose obtained from industrial residues.

Influence of irradiance on the growth and biochemical composition of Nitzschia aff. pellucida

In this paper the influence of irradiance and the operation modes on biomass production and biochemical composition, especially the fatty acid profile, on the diatom Nitzschia aff. pellucida was studied. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, but simulating those outdoors, at irradiances ranging from 100 to 1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1, both in batch and semi-continuous mode. The data show that the growth rate increased with irradiance, following a hyperbolic relationship with the average irradiance (Eav). However, at irradiances higher than 450 µmol photons m−2 s−1, photo-inhibition was observed, with Fv/Fm values notably decreasing at irradiances above 1000 µmol photons m−2 s−1. To take account of this phenomenon, a growth model is proposed that considers the saturation constant modification (Ek) as a function of available irradiance. The data indicate that N. aff. pellucida is better adapted to low irradiances, below 300 µmol photons m−2 s−1. Regarding the biochemical composition, the highest content of lipids (~ 20%) and carbohydrates (~ 40%) was achieved at high irradiances (≥ 450 µmol photons m−2 s−1), while the highest protein content (> 8%) was found at low irradiances (≤ 200 µmol photons m−2 s−1). Elevated amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (> 60%) were measured at high irradiances, while the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA) (> 35%) was found at low irradiances. Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3) (EPA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) (ARA) were only detected at 200 µmol m−2 s−1 but not at higher irradiances. The results confirm the effects of irradiance and the cultivation mode on the growth and biochemical composition of N. aff. pellucida. The model is an important tool when using this valuable strain to produce compounds of biological interest.

Research on the Cultivation Mode of Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents in Law under the Background of New Liberal Arts

As one of the new liberal arts categories, law has always been a key subject of national legal construction. With the continuous development of science and technology and the rapid progress of society, enterprises' demand for legal talents has changed from single type to compound type. The current training mode of legal talents in our country cannot meet the needs of the rapid development of the society. In view of this, combined with the traditional theoretical teaching mode of talent training for law majors, the new talent training methods should be added to explore the suitable mode for the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talent for law majors in China. Starting from the theory and practice, combining with the characteristics of each university, the ultimate goal is to cultivate the compound legal talents with innovative and entrepreneurial ability.

THE CONSTRUCTION OF TALENT CULTIVATION MODE OF THE INTEGRATION BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND EDUCATION IN HIGHER VOCATIONAL EDUCATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF “THREE EDUCATIONS” REFORM

With the ever-accelerated updating of higher vocational education reform, it is becoming more and more important to improve the system of vocational education and training, and promote integration between industry and education and cooperation between enterprises and colleges. And we must move faster to bring out the full potential of higher vocational education, and build higher vocational colleges into world-class colleges. In this new era, “Three Educations” reform has become the necessity for the higher vocational colleges to improve the quality of college management and talent cultivation. Aiming to provide a reference for the talent cultivation mode of the integration between industry and education, this article first analyzes the necessity of constructing such mode from the perspective of “Three Educations” reform, and then explores the existing problems, and finally put forwards the possible solutions.

Towards rare earth element recovery from wastewaters: biosorption using phototrophic organisms

Whilst the biosorption of metal ions by phototrophic (micro)organisms has been demonstrated in earlier and more recent research, the isolation of rare earth elements (REEs) from highly dilute aqueous solutions with this type of biomass remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the selective binding abilities of two microalgae (Calothrix brevissima, Chlorella kessleri) and one moss (Physcomitrella patens) were examined using Neodym and Europium as examples. The biomass of P. patens showed the highest sorption capacities for both REEs (Nd3+: 0.74 ± 0.05 mmol*g−1; Eu3+: 0.48 ± 0.05 mmol*g−1). A comparison with the sorption of precious metals (Au3+, Pt4+) and typical metal ions contained in wastewaters (Pb2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+), which might compete for binding sites, revealed that the sorption capacities for Au3+ (1.59 ± 0.07 mmol*g−1) and Pb2+ (0.83 ± 0.02 mmol*g−1) are even higher. Although different patterns of maximum sorption capacities for the tested metal ions were observed for the microalgae, they too showed the highest affinities for Au3+, Pb2+, and Nd3+. Nd-sorption experiments in the pH range from 1 to 6 and the recorded adsorption isotherms for this element showed that the biomass of P. patens has favourable properties as biosorbent compared to the microalgae investigated here. Whilst the cultivation mode did not influence the sorption capacities for the target elements of the two algal species, it had a great impact on the properties of the moss. Thus, further studies are necessary to develop effective biosorption processes for the recovery of REEs from alternative and so far unexploited sources. Key points • The highest binding capacity for selected REEs was registered for P. patens. • The highest biosorption was found for Au and the biomass of the examined moss. • Biosorption capacities of P. patens seem to depend on the cultivation mode.

Cultivation Methods of Craftsmanship Spirit under the Integration between Industry and Education

In the context of the epidemic and the deepening of China’s internationalization, the importance of higher vocational education in the education system has become increasingly prominent, which encourages people of many fields to explore methods to cultivate students’ craftsmanship spirit under the integration between industry and education. The government and schools need to take the lead in making proposals for innovation of the integration between industry and education. The industry, enterprises, society, many teachers and students need to participate in it, achieving the implementation of policies and systems, active innovation, and the balance of “teaching” and “training”. This paper mainly involves the practical methods of craftsmanship spirit under the integration between industry and education from four aspects: specialty setting, vocational concept, educational fund and cultivation mode.