scholarly journals Nutrition, dry matter accumulation and partitioning and phosphorus use efficiency of potato grown at different phosphorus levels in nutrient solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1528-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalton Mazetti Fernandes ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

High rates of phosphate fertilizers are applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), which may cause antagonistic interactions with other nutrients and limit crop yields when over-supplied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus (P) levels in nutrient solution on P use efficiency, nutritional status and dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning of potato plants cv. Ágata. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of seven P levels in nutrient solution (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, and 48 mg L-1). Plants were harvested after 28 days of growth in nutrient solution, and separated in roots, stems and leaves for evaluations. The treatment effects were analyzed by regression analysis. Phosphorus levels of up to 8 mg L-1 increased the root and shoot DM accumulation, but drastically decreased the root/shoot ratio of potato cv. Ágata. Higher P availability increased P concentration, accumulation and absorption efficiency, but decreased P use efficiency. Higher P levels increased the N, P, Mg, Fe, and Mn concentrations in roots considerably and decreased K, S, Cu, and Zn concentrations. In shoot biomass, N, P, K, and Ca concentrations were significantly increased by P applied in solution, unlike Mg and Cu concentrations. Although higher P levels (> 8 mg L-1) in nutrient solution increased P concentration, accumulation and absorption efficiency, the DM accumulation and partitioning of potato cv. Ágata were not affected.

scholarly journals Nitrate Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Two Sweetpotato Genotypes during Early Stages of Storage Root Formation

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 814-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita R. Villagarcia ◽  
Wanda W. Collins ◽  
C. David Raper
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Complete Nutrient Solution ◽  
N Use

Soil N availability is an important component in storage root production of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batata (L.) Lam.]. A controlled-environment experiment was conducted to characterize effects of N availability on patterns of dry matter, nonstructural carbohydrates, and N accumulation, and to determine possible components of N use efficiency that vary between two genotypes of sweetpotato. Rooted cuttings of `Jewel' and MD810 were transplanted into pots filled with sand and kept in a growth chamber for 72 days. Plants were watered during the first 30 days with a complete nutrient solution that contained 14 mm NO3- and then for the next 42 days with one of three complete nutrient solution that contained either 2, 8, or 14 mm NO3-. At 30, 44, 58, and 72 days after transplanting, three plants from each cultivar and treatment combination were sampled and separated into leaves, stems plus petioles, fibrous roots, and storage roots. Each plant fraction was freeze-dried, weighed, ground, and analyzed for total N, soluble sugars, and starch. Availability of N in the substrate, which limited dry matter accumulation at 2 mm NO3-, was nonlimiting at 8 and 14 mm NO3-. In both genotypes, net assimilation rate, efficiency of N use (i.e., increments of dry matter accumulated per increment of N taken up), and proportion of dry matter allocated to storage roots were greater for N-stressed (2 mm NO3-) than N-replete (8 and 14 mm NO3-) plants. For the N-stressed plants, however, efficiency of N use was greater in MD810 than in `Jewel'. Although rate of NO3- uptake per unit fibrous root mass was similar in the two genotypes under the N stress treatment, MD810 had greater uptake rate than `Jewel' under nonlimiting availability of NO3- in the substrate. The increased rate of uptake under nonlimiting NO3- supplies apparently was related to enhanced rates of carbohydrate transport from shoots to roots. As tissue concentration of N declined in response to the lowest application of NO3-, shoot growth was limited prior to, and to a greater extent than, the photosynthetic rate. The resulting relative decline in sink activity of shoots thus presumably increased the availability of carbohydrates for transport to roots.

scholarly journals Assessing the Water and Thermal Use Efficiencies of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Grown under Different Strength of Jute Agro Textile Mulch in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anwesha Sarkar ◽  
Argha Ghosh ◽  
P. K. Tarafdar ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

Aims: To evaluate the effects of jute agrotextile mulches on yield and yield attributes, dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency as well as accumulated agrometeorological indices and thermal utilization of groundnut. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the experimental farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during kharif season of 2017 and 2018. Methodology: The experiment was carried in randomized block design with five treatments each of which was replicated four times Groundnut (variety J L-24) as a test crop. The treatments (T), composing different strength of jute agro textile (JAT) used as mulching material were as follows: T1: 1000 GSM JAT, T2: 800 GSM, T3: 600 GSM, T4: 400 GSM JAT and T5: farmer's practice (control) where GSM is gram per square meter. All the data regarding the yield, yield attributes, water use efficiency and thermal utilization of the crop were recorded accordingly. Results: Response of pod yield over control were 24.26 q/ha, 26.44 q/ha, 20.98 q/ha and 18.25q/ha in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 respectively. Though all the treatments showed increment over control, the highest result was found in T2 and a further increase in strength of JAT showed a decrement in all aspects. The water use efficiency, at an average, increased by 69.12% due to the various treatments over control. Heat unit and thermal units use efficiencies were also highest in treatment T2 which showed the most accurate utilization of thermal indices. Conclusion: Therefore, among all the treatments T2 exhibited the most promising effect on improving yield and other attributes along with maintaining sustainability as it might have provided the most favourable soil condition compared to other mulches for groundnut.

Relationships of phosphorus concentration in reproductive organs with soil phosphorus availability for tropical rain-forest trees on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
Yuki Tsujii ◽  
Kanehiro Kitayama
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Mount Kinabalu ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract:Bornean rain forests on phosphorus (P)-poor soils exhibit a high P-use efficiency in the production of reproductive organs (i.e. the inverse of P concentration in reproductive-organ litter). The mechanism underpinning this high P-use efficiency is not known, but is hypothesized to result from dilution of P in a given type of reproductive organ and/or a shift of the community composition of flower/fruit types with decreasing P availability. These hypotheses were tested using eight forests with different soil P availabilities on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. Mean P concentration per forest by genus in inflorescences was significantly positively correlated with P availability, while that in seeds or pericarps was not significantly correlated. This trend was consistent across 21 genera that we analysed, suggesting that P concentration in seeds is maintained in exchange with the dilution of P in inflorescences. The composition of fruit types in tree community was estimated based on the relative abundances of genera in each forest. The relative abundance of capsulate species, which required less P in pericarps, tended to increase in tree community with decreasing P availability. Therefore, both mechanisms were involved in P-use efficiency. This work provides an insight into the reproductive adaptation of trees to P deficiency.

Chinese fir root response to spatial and temporal heterogeneity of phosphorus availability in the soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianhua Zou ◽  
Pengfei Wu ◽  
Nailian Chen ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Xiangqing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Use Efficiency

Deficiency in availability of phosphorus (P) in forest soils of southern China, where Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) stands have been established, greatly affects Chinese fir productivity. Deploying clones with high P-use efficiency could be a more attractive option than P fertilization to enhance the commercial productivity of Chinese fir. Thus, an understanding of the adaptive responses of roots to spatiotemporal variability of P, which is often ignored in previous studies, is essential. In this study, we report the root responses of a Chinese fir clone with high P-use efficiency to the spatially heterogeneous P availability in soil during various periods of time when P availability was controlled. The results showed significantly (p < 0.05) more root proliferation in the form of root length, root surface area, root volume, and root dry matter accumulation in P-replete than in P-poor patches when the patch persisted for a short period of time (50 days). As the patches persisted longer (100–200 days), root proliferation in P-replete patches appeared to decline. P-replete patches that persisted for short (50 days) and long (200 days) periods resulted in high root P accumulation, whereas P-replete patches that persisted for 100–150 days resulted in lower root P accumulation than other patches. It seems that the observed responses in the roots of the Chinese fir clone to heterogeneous P availability might include a comprehensive adjustment of root growth and intraroot P translocation in patches so as to maintain internal P homeostasis, as well as a trade-off between energy cost and production of new roots when the patch persists longer.

scholarly journals Variability of soybean germplasm in relation to phosphorus uptake and use efficiency

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Maria Cangiani Furlani ◽  
Pedro Roberto Furlani ◽  
Roberto Tetsuo Tanaka ◽  
Hipólito Assunção Antonio Mascarenhas ◽  
Margarida das Dores Paes Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency

Plant efficiency for phosphorus uptake and utilization may contribute to improve crop yield potential in situations of low P availability. Twenty nine soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars were evaluated and classified in relation to the response to phosphorus (P) levels in nutrient solution. P uptake and use efficiency were estimated by the variables: shoot and root dry matter (DM) yield, P-concentrations and contents in plant parts and P-efficiency index (EI). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, during 1999, at Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of randomized complete blocks, arranged in split-plots, with three replications. The main plots were the P levels in the nutrient solution (64.5; 129; 258 and 516 mmol L-1), and the subplots were the twenty-nine soybean cultivars, grouped according days to maturity. The plants were harvested at flowering, separated in shoots and roots for dry matter determination and chemical analysis. The analyses of variance indicated differences in plant responses to P-levels and cultivars. Multivariate analysis showed high correlation among the variables shoot-DM, total-DM and shoot P-concentration and P-efficiency index (EI). Cultivars were classified in efficient-responsive (ER)-- 'IAC-1', 'IAC-2', 'IAC-4', 'IAC-5', 'IAC-6', 'IAC-9', 'Sta. Rosa' and 'UFV-1'; efficient-non-responsive (ENR) -- 'IAC-7', 'IAC-11', 'IAC-15', 'S. Carlos' and 'Cristalina'; inefficient-responsive (IR) -- 'IAC-8', 'IAC-10', 'IAC-14', 'Bossier' and 'Foscarin'; and inefficient-non-responsive (INR) -- 'IAC-12', 'IAC-13', 'IAC-16', 'IAC-17', 'IAC-18', 'IAC-19', 'IAC-20', 'IAC-22', 'Paraná', 'IAS-5' and 'BR-4'. The efficient-responsive soybean cultivars showed the highest values for shoot and total DM and EI, and the lowest shoot P-concentrations.

scholarly journals Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Knowledge of the mineral nutrition requirements of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is relatively scarce and rudimentary because there is a lack of consistent data concerning its nutritional demands at different developmental stages. The aim of this research was to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies and to evaluate the effects of these deficiencies on the growth, the production of dry matter, and the leaf content of mangabeira. To achieve this goal, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano) in Rio Verde - GO, from January to June 2011 in which mangabeira plants were arranged in a random block design and grown in nutrient solutions. This experiment was replicated four times. The plants were treated with either a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution from which the individual macronutrient of interest (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sulfur (S) had been omitted. The omission of a macronutrient from the nutrient solution resulted in morphological alterations that were characteristic symptoms of the particular nutritional deficiency and caused decreases in growth and dry matter mass production. The accumulation of macronutrients displayed the following order in mangabeira leaves: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg.

scholarly journals Effect of fertilization with fluid swine slurry on production and nutritive value of Tifton 85

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernan Vielmo ◽  
Amadeu Bona Filho ◽  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of liquid swine slurry on dry matter accumulation rate and nutritive values (crude proten and neutral detergent fiber) of Tifton 85 grass pasture cultivated in southwestern Paraná from October 2005 to March 2006. It was used a complete random experimental design in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme composed of four doses of swine slurry in the plots (0, 80, 160 and 320 m³/ha) and four consecutive cuts in the subplots of the pasture. It was carried out two applications, one in the beginning of the experiment and other after 80 days. Cuts were performed every time pasture height was 40 cm. There was a dose versus cut interaction for all variables. Swine slurry promoted increase on dry matter accumulation rate only on the first cut after its application (cuts 1 and 3). Dry matter maximal yield (24.2 t/ha) was obtained at 249 m³/ha of swine slurry manure (143 and 106 m³/ha, respectively for applications 1 and 2), corresponding to 450 kg of N/ha. Percentage of crude protein increases and neutral detergent fiber of Tifton 85 grass decreases as dose of swine slurry increases, improving forage nutritive value. Use efficiency and nitrogen recovery rate decrease with addition of swine slurry doses.

scholarly journals Effect of biostimulants on dry matter accumulation and gas exchange in plantain plants (Musa AAB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Diana Mateus-Cagua ◽  
Gustavo Rodríguez-Yzquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Positive Effect

Biostimulants can potentially improve plant growth and development, modifying physiological processes. This study evaluated the effect of four biostimulants on the growth of ‘Hartón’ plantain plants and the leaf gas exchange during the vegetative phase. This experiment was developed on a plantain farm’s nursery in Fuente de Oro (Colombia) with a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments were the biostimulants: Bactox WP®: Bacillus subtilis (Bs); Baliente®: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba); Tierra Diatomeas®: silicon dioxide (Si); Re-Leaf®: salicylic acid (SA) and the control (water). All products had a positive effect on the accumulation of total dry matter (DM) (between 58.4 and 21.9%) and on the photosynthetic activity (a maximum of 110 and 24.3% in first and second evaluation), as compared to the control, while no differences were found (P>0.05) for the foliar emission rate and chlorophyll content between the treatments. The plants treated with Bs had the greatest DM accumulation at the end of the study and a constant, high photosynthetic activity. All the while Bs, Ba and Si managed to stimulate greater early photosynthetic activity. According to the results, the use of these biostimulants during the vegetative phase had an effect on the physiological processes that enhance DM accumulation in plantain plants, which could be potentially useful for the transplanting stage and increase the reserves used during their establishment and development in the field.

scholarly journals Influences of two CO2 concentrations and water availability on bean crop

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
João B. L. da Silva ◽  
Paulo A. Ferreira ◽  
Luanna C. Pires ◽  
Eduardo G. Pereira ◽  
José E. S. Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Bean Crop

This study was carried out to determine some physiological and phenological responses of the bean under high [CO2] and drought stress. The experiment was conducted from April to July 2009 in Viçosa, Brazil. The open-top chambers were used to enrich the air with CO2, whereas the drought stress was applied between the flowering and the ripening. The randomized block design was used, with four replicates in the subplots. The following plots were [CO2] at 700ppm (F1) and [CO2] environmental (F2) and the subplots were well watering (S1) and drought stress (S2). The results were subjected to Anova and the Tukey test (P < 0.05). For the treatments F1S1 and F1S2 the photosynthetic rate showed increments of 59% and the transpiration reduction of 12%. The yield, leaf temperature and stomatal conductance were not significant different to high [CO2], different from the dry matter, who showed increment of 20% (F1S1) and the water use efficiency who showed increase of 90% for high [CO2]. The osmotic potential was lower in plants under drought stress (F2S2 and F1S2), followed by plants under high [CO2] (F1S1). Despite the increment in photosynthesis, high [CO2] does not guarantee higher yield.

scholarly journals Physiological and developmental traits associated with the grain yield of winter wheat as affected by phosphorus fertilizer management

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Xiu Chen ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Yuan Liang ◽  
Yu-Min Liu ◽  
Shi-Jie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Spike Number

Abstract Although researchers have determined that attaining high grain yields of winter wheat depends on the spike number and the shoot biomass, a quantitative understanding of how phosphorus (P) nutrition affects spike formation, leaf expansion and photosynthesis is still lacking. A 3-year field experiment with wheat with six P application rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg P ha−1) was conducted to investigate this issue. Stem development and mortality, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation, and P concentration in whole shoots and in single tillers were studied at key growth stages for this purpose. The results indicated that spike number contributed the most to grain yield of all the yield components in a high-yielding (>8 t/ha) winter wheat system. The main stem (MS) contributed 79% to the spike number and tiller 1 (T1) contributed 21%. The 2.7 g kg−1 tiller P concentration associated with 15 mg kg−1 soil Olsen-P at anthesis stage led to the maximal rate of productive T1s (64%). The critical shoot P concentration that resulted in an adequate product of Pn and LAI was identified as 2.1 g kg−1. The thresholds of shoot P concentration that led to the maximum productive ability of T1 and optimal canopy photosynthetic capacity at anthesis were very similar. In conclusion, the thresholds of soil available P and shoot P concentration in whole plants and in single organs (individual tillers) were established for optimal spike formation, canopy photosynthetic capacity, and dry matter accumulation. These thresholds could be useful in achieving high grain yields while avoiding excessive P fertilization.

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